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Course Code: CE 3121

Course Name: Structures III: Reinforced Concrete Design
Credit : 2.00 Credit
Contact Hour: 2 hrs/week

Syllabus:

 Fundamentals of Reinforced Concrete Design; Concrete

and its effective preparation, Concepts of WSD and USD
methods, Analysis and design of reinforced beams by USD
methods, Design of slabs (1-way and 2-way), RC columns
and buckling, Intro to shear walls, EQ resistant structural
systems

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 Structures III: Reinforced Concrete Design

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 • Books

• Design of Concrete Structures

- Nilson, Darwin, Dolan 14th Ed.
• Structural Concrete- Theory and Design
- Hassoun, Al-Manaseer 4th Ed.
• Reinforced Concrete- Mechanics & Design
- Wight & McGregor 5th Ed.

and many more……..

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 Concrete, Reinforced Concrete (RC),
Prestressed Concrete (PC)

•What is concrete? Constituents?

– Stone like material, cement, coarse and fine aggregate,
water, admixture
•Advantages, disadvantages
– Easy to make, relatively low-cost, formabilty, weather
and fire resistant, good comp strength
– Weak in tension
•Reinforced concrete - mild steel
•Where to place the reinforcement - examples
•Prestressed concrete

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 HISTORY

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 Concrete Aggregates
Size
ASTM Design.
mm in.
Coarse Aggregate
3 in. 75 3
21/2 in. 63 2.5
2 in. 50 2
11/2 in. 37.5 1.5
1 in. 25 1
3/4 in. 19 0.75
1/2 in. 12.5 0.50
3/8 in. 9.5 0.375
Fine Aggregate
No. 4 4.75 0.187
No. 8 2.36 0.0937
No. 16 1.18 0.0469
No. 30 0.60 (600 µm) 0.0234
No. 50 300 µm 0.0124
No. 100 150 µm 0.0059

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 Advantages of Concrete
 Has a relatively high compressive strength
 Has better resistance to fire than steel or wood
 Has a long service life with low maintenance cost
 In some types of structures, such as dams, piers, and footing, it is
the most economical structural material
 Can be cast to take any shape required, making it widely used in
precast structural components

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 Disadvantages of Concrete
 Low tensile strength (zero strength after cracks develop)
 Needs mixing, casting, and curing, all of which affect the final
strength of concrete
 Cost of the forms used to cast concrete is relatively high. The cost
of form material and artisanry may equal the cost of concrete
placed in the forms
 Has a lower compressive strength than steel (about 1/10,
depending on material), which requires large sections in columns
of multistory buildings
 Cracks develop in concrete due to shrinkage and the application of
live loads

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 Roman Pantheon,
unreinforced concrete dome,
diameter 43.3m,
Commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus
(27 BC – 14 AD)
Rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian around 126AD
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 Structural forms: buildings

 Beam
 Column
 Slab

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 Structural Forms

1-way RC floor slab with monolithic supporting beams

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FIGURE 1.t
One:waj joist floor sysiem. with clomly spaced ribs supported by monolithic concrete beams; transveme ribs provide for lateral distribution of ! >J/»+
Aisorrarf6n.)

1-way joist floor system with closely spaced ribs

supported by monolithic concrete beams; transverse
ribs provide for lateral distribution

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Flat slab floor without beams but with slab
thickness increased at the columns and with flared
tops to provide for local concentrations of forces.

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Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Bridge, with main span of 1,300 feet
(396.2 m), and is 175 feet (53.3 m) high at Dame Point,
Jacksonville, Florida over St Johns River Col MRN Khan
Napoleon Bonaparte Broward Bridge, with a l3IXi ft centér span at Dame Point Jec ksonviJle, Florida.

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 Loads

• Dead load attached

• Live load not attached
• Environmental load
• Wind
• Earthquake
• Snow, soil pressure, temperature

• Building codes - ACI, BNBC, IS, Eurocode

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 Design Loads - Types
Dead Loads Live Loads
Self Weight Occupancy - Floor Loads
Loads Permanently Environmental Loads
Attached Snow & Ice
Structural members Rain (Ponding on roofs)
(Walls, Floor, Roof) Traffic Loads for Bridges
Plumbing Impact Loads
HVAC Lateral Loads
Floor coverings Wind
Suspended ceilings Earthquakes
Fixtures etc Other
Soil Pressures
Easier to determine but Hydrostatic Pressures
are not known a priori Blast
Thermal Forces
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Centrifugal Forces (trucks on curved br)
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Transmission of Loads
LOADS

TRIBUTARY AREA
BEAMS BEAMS BEAMS

GIRDERS GIRDERS GIRDERS

C C C
O O O
L L L
U U U
M M M
N N N
S S S
FOUNDATION SYSTEM

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 Wind Load

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 EARTHQUAKE
LOADS

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 Serviceability, Strength and Structural Safety

•To serve its purpose, a structure must be safe

against collapse and serviceable in use

•Strength of the structure be adequate for all

loads

•Serviceability – deflection small, hairline

cracks, minimum vibration

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 Strength and safety

If loads and moments, shears, axial force can be

predicted accurately, safety can be ensured by
providing a carrying capacity just barely in
excess of the known demand.
• Capacity = Demand

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 Uncertainity

 There are a number of sources of uncertainty in

Analysis, Design and Construction

 Consideration given to consequence of failure

 Nature of failure is also important

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 Variability of Loads, Strength, Safety
Load can be considered as random variable
Form of distribution curve (probability density
function) can be determined
from Large scale load survey

Probability of Occurrence Area

under curve is probability of
occurrence
Qd = Design load
Sd = Design strength

M is also a random variable

Beta between 3 and 4
corresponds to a
probability of failure of
1:100,000
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 Partial Safety Factor

Strength reduction factor X Nominal

Strength >
Load Factor X Design Load

partial factors are

different

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 Concrete

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 Steel

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Safety Provision Of ACI/BNBC Code

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 Load factors

Probability of overload 1/1000

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Strength reduction factor

Probability of understrength 1/100

Probability of Structural failure 1/100,000 Col MRN Khan
 Fundamental Assumption for RC Behavior

 Equilibrium
 Strain in steel = Strain in surrounding concrete
 Plane cross section remain plane
 Concrete does not resist any tension
 The theory is based on the actual stress- strain
relationship of concrete and steel or some simplified
equivalent.

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Behaviour of Members Subject to Axial Loads

 Axial Compression
 Economical to make concrete carry most loads
 Steel reinforcement is always provided
 Bending may exist
 Cross section reduced

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fc’= 4,000 psi; fy = 60,000 psi

 low loading
 Fast loading
 0.85fc’

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 Elastic behaviour

 Up to fc’/2 (i.e. 50%), concrete behave elastic

 Also stress and strain proportional
 Range extends to a strain of 0.0005
 Steel is elastic nearly to yield 60 ksi, strain 0.002

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 Elastic Behaviour
The compression strain in the concrete, at any given load, is equal
to the compression strain in the steel.

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Valid up to 50 to 60% of fc’

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MATH PROB

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Inelastic range

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Strength

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Strength

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 Axial Tension
If tension is small, both steel and concrete are elastic

• Larger load than that cracks concrete

• At steel yields

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Aim:
Safety
Serviceability
Economy
Practicality

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