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Lecture 4 Spearman

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7 views2 pages

Lecture 4 Spearman

Uploaded by

Toni Marie P. Lopez
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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47

Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient or Spearman Rho (rs)

A spearman rho correlation of coefficient is a statistics which is used to measure the relationship
of paired ranks assigned to individual scores on two variables. A correlation estimates the degree
of association of two sets of variables in at least an ordinal scale (first, second, third and so on)
so that the subjects under study may be ranked in a two ordered series. This is commonly used
to measure the disarray, ∑ 𝐷 2, where a coefficient of rank correlation has a value of +1 when
paired ranks are in similar order and a value of -1 when ranks are in the reverse order. To obtain
the value of Spearman rho (rs) consider this formula:

6 ∑ 𝐷2
rs = 1 − 𝑁 3−𝑁

Where: rs = Spearman rho

∑ 𝐷2= Sum of the Squared Difference between Ranks

N = Number of Cases

Procedure:

Step 1: Rank the values from highest to lowest in the first set of variables (X) and mark them R x.
The highest value is the given the rank 1, the second, 2 and so on.

Step 2. Rank the second set of values (Y) in the same manner as in step 1 and mark them R y.

Step 3. Determine the difference in rank for every pair of ranks.

Step 4. Square each difference to get D2

Step 5. Sum the square difference to find ∑ 𝐷 2

Step 6. Compute Spearman Rho, by applying the formula.

Correlation between Ordinal Data

Spearman rho (P) is the most widely used of the rank correlation methods. It is much easier and
therefore, faster to compute. This is for 30 cases or less only.

Example1. Consider the eight (8) students who took tests in English and in Mathematics.

Students 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Test X 18 17 14 13 12 10 8 8
Test Y 24 28 30 26 22 18 15 12
48

Computation of Spearman rho between the English Test (X) and Mathematics Test (Y) of Eight
Students

Individual Test X Test Y Rx Ry D D2


1 18 24 1 4 -3 9
2 17 28 2 2 0 0
3 14 30 3 1 2 4
4 13 26 4 3 1 1
5 12 22 5 5 0 0
6 10 18 6 6 0 0
7 8 15 7.5 7 .5 .25
8 8 12 7.5 8 .5 .25
Total 14.5

6 ∑ 𝐷2
rs = 1 −
𝑁3 −𝑁 ⬚

6 (14.5)
rs = 1 −
83 −8⬚

87
rs = 1 −
504

rs = 1 – 0.17

rs = 0.83 – High Positive Relationship


Data Analysis: The computed rs value is 0.83 which denotes high positive rank
relationship. This means that the higher the result of exam in English, the higher is the
result in Math; the lower the result in English, the lower is the result in Math. The computed
r value is greater than the critical value of 0.738 at 0.05 level of significance, therefore the
null hypothesis of no significant relationship is rejected.

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