COMPETENCY-BASED QUESTIONS

CLASS 12
SUBJECT- POLITICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER - 7 GLOBALISATION
1. Define globalisation.
Q: What is globalisation, and how does it affect nation-states?
A: Globalisation refers to the process of increasing interconnectedness and
interdependence among countries in economic, political, cultural, and technological
domains. It affects nation-states by reducing their sovereignty in decision-making due to the
influence of global institutions, multinational corporations, and transnational issues.

2. Economic globalisation impact on developing countries.

Q: How has economic globalisation impacted developing countries?
A: Economic globalisation has provided opportunities for developing countries to access
global markets, attract foreign investments, and improve technology. However, it has also
created challenges like exploitation of resources, dependency on developed nations, and
widening inequalities.

3. Role of World Trade Organization (WTO).

Q: Explain the role of the WTO in globalisation.
A: The WTO promotes globalisation by facilitating international trade, ensuring fair
competition, and resolving trade disputes among countries. It aims to liberalise trade and
reduce tariffs and trade barriers.

4. Cultural effects of globalisation.

Q: How has globalisation influenced cultural practices?
A: Globalisation has led to cultural exchange and the spread of global cultures, such as food,
music, and fashion. However, it has also raised concerns about cultural homogenisation and
the erosion of traditional values.

5. Impact of globalisation on employment.

Q: Discuss the impact of globalisation on employment.
A: Globalisation has created job opportunities in developing countries due to the
outsourcing of industries. However, it has also led to job insecurity, poor working conditions,
and a rise in informal sector jobs.

6. Globalisation and environmental issues.

Q: What are the environmental challenges associated with globalisation?
A: Globalisation has increased industrialisation and urbanisation, leading to environmental
degradation, deforestation, and climate change. The global interconnectedness also
demands collective action on transnational environmental issues.
7. Resistance to globalisation.
Q: Why do some groups resist globalisation?
A: Groups resist globalisation because it can threaten local economies, cultures, and
identities. It often leads to economic inequalities, exploitation of resources, and a loss of
traditional practices.

8. Technology and globalisation.

Q: How has technology facilitated globalisation?
A: Technology has been a driving force of globalisation by enabling faster communication,
efficient transportation, and e-commerce. The internet and digital media have connected
individuals and businesses globally.

9. Political impact of globalisation.

Q: How does globalisation affect politics?
A: Globalisation has reduced the absolute sovereignty of states by encouraging international
cooperation through organisations like the UN, IMF, and WTO. It also fosters democratic
ideals but may weaken local governance.

10. Liberalisation and globalisation.

Q: What is the relationship between liberalisation and globalisation?
A: Liberalisation involves reducing government restrictions on economic activities, paving
the way for globalisation. It allows free flow of goods, services, capital, and technology
across borders.

11. Positive effects of globalisation.

Q: List the positive effects of globalisation.
A:
1. Access to advanced technology.
2. Increase in trade and investment.
3. Spread of education and cultural awareness.
4. Improved global communication.
5. Growth of multinational corporations.

12. Negative effects of globalisation.

Q: Highlight the negative effects of globalisation.
A:
1. Exploitation of labour and resources.
2. Increased economic inequality.
3. Loss of cultural identity.
4. Environmental degradation.
5. Influence of multinational corporations on governments.

13. Globalisation and multinational corporations (MNCs).

Q: What role do MNCs play in globalisation?
A: MNCs drive globalisation by establishing production networks across countries,
promoting trade, and transferring technology. However, they also concentrate wealth and
influence global economic policies.

14. Globalisation and global governance.

Q: How does globalisation impact global governance?
A: Globalisation requires collaborative efforts among countries to address issues like climate
change, terrorism, and pandemics. Institutions like the UN, IMF, and WTO are key players in
global governance.

15. Challenges to globalisation.

Q: What are the main challenges to globalisation?
A:
1. Rise of protectionism and trade wars.
2. Cultural backlash and nationalism.
3. Inequality between and within nations.
4. Technological divides among countries.
5. Global crises like pandemics and economic recessions.
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