11

1
Summary
Social Issues Part 1 November 2023 Class
TRIBAL WELFARE (1:21 PM)
• There is a definitional problem with respect to tribals.
• Scheduled Tribe is just an administrative definition.
• Characteristics of tribals:
• Relative isolation.
• Cultural shyness/shyness of contact.
• Primitive culture.
• Dialects/languages.
• Primitive Economy (non-monetary).
• Relevant Data:
• Share of total population: approximately 10% (as per Census 2011).
• Location:
• i. Central India: Maharashtra, MP, etc.
• ii. Western India: Rajasthan, Gujarat.
• iii. East India: The northeast region.
• There are around 705 STs in India.
• Further sub-classification:
• 1. De-notified Tribes (DNTs):
• These were those tribes that were categorised as the criminal tribe by the Britishers.
• Previously these tribes were notified under the Criminal Tribe Act.
• But now the above act is repealed and replaced by the Habitual Offenders Act which de-
notified these tribes.
• Hence, called as De-notified tribes.
• 2. Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):
• They have a primitive mode of agriculture.
• They have a very low level of literacy.
• Their population is either declining or stagnant.
• The Union government has recently launched PM JANMAN (PM- Janjati Adivasi Nyaya
Maha Abhiyan) on Janjatiya Gaurav Divas (Tribal Pride Day).
• Janjatiya Gaurav Divas is celebrated on 15th November (since 2021).
• It is the birth anniversary of Sri Birsa Munda.
• It is celebrated to recognize the efforts of the tribal freedom fighters.
• The mission aims to provide PVTG households and habitations with basic facilities such as
safe housing, clean drinking water and sanitation, and improved access to education, health,
nutrition, etc.
• In addition, saturation will be ensured for Sickle Cell Disease Elimination, TB

Elimination, 100% immunization, PM Surakshit Matritva Yojana, PM Matru Vandana Yojana,
PM Poshan, etc.
• Challenges:
• Literacy: 59% (2011 Census)
• Highest gender gap in literacy.
• Poor Healthcare.
• Poverty: 50% of Multi-Poverty Index.
• Exclusion from the mainstream.
• Displacement due to developmental activities.
• Debt bondage among tribals is a significant problem.
SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS (2:01 PM)
• A relationship is said to be social when there is an intelligible awareness of the other and it
must have an influence on you.
• Modernisation means a complete rational transformation across psychological, economic,

political, and social realms of life.
• Factors responsible for Social Isolation and Loneliness:
• Migration.
• Social media impact.
• Time constraints due to office hours.
• Failures in professional, academic and other aspects.
• Lack of proper parenting.
• The empty nest syndrome, where children leave home for education or careers, can intensify
loneliness among older parents.
• Impact:
• It poses health risks like heart attacks.
• Drug use and alcoholism.

• Poor economic outcome due to inefficiency.
• Poor mental and emotional health.
• Poor academics and physical health.
• Way Forward:
• More community talks and social engagement.
• Educational campaigns for awareness.
• Sensitive government policies to address the issues.
ACCESSIBILITY IN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE (2:51 PM)
• The Court of Chief Commissioner of Persons with Disabilities has mandated government
offices, operating from inaccessible premises to relocate their services to the ground floor or
another accessible location within the same facility.
• Nearly 2.21% of the population have a disability in one form or another as per the last
census report (2011).
• Need for it:
• The right to accessibility is ensured as a legal right to the PwDs under the RPwD Act 2016.
• To impart the Right to education.
• To provide livelihood opportunities.
• The inclusion of the PwDs into the stream of employment could result in an increase of 3-
7% in GDP as per ILO.
• Challenges:
• We have missed multiple targets under the Accessible India campaign.
• Poor fund allocation.
• Lack of awareness among the PwDs.
• Poor resolution mechanism.
• Way Forward:
• More sensitisation of the society towards the issue.
• Awareness among the PwDs about their rights and legal channels available to them.
• Dedicated and sufficient fund allocation and investment.
DRAFT NATIONAL MENSTRUAL HYGIENE POLICY, 2023 (3:05 PM)
• It is released by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
• It aims to ensure access to affordable and safe menstrual hygiene products.
• It aims for clear and accurate product labelling and a strong regulatory framework to monitor
compliance with quality standards.
• Challenges:
• Social stigma and taboo.
• Poor accessibility to sanitary pads.
• Non-affordability.
• Lack of gender sensitivity.
SURROGACY IN INDIA (3:13 PM)
• It is defined as a practice wherein one woman bears and gives birth to a child with the
intention to thereafter hand it over to the intending couple.
• It can be classified into altruistic surrogacy and commercial surrogacy.
• Commercial surrogacy is not allowed in India.
• In March 2023, the government notified amendments that banned the use of donor
gametes.
• The amendment mandated that both male and female gametes (sperm and egg
respectively) must come from intending couples for the process of surrogacy.
• Intending couple means a couple who have a medical indication necessitating gestational
surrogacy and who intend to become parents through surrogacy.
• Recently, the Supreme Court in the Arun Muthuvel vs. Union of India case (2023) protected
women’s right to parenthood and struck down the 2023 amendment to Surrogacy
(Regulation) Rules, 2022.
• The government banned surrogacy for foreign nationals in 2015.
• Challenges:
• Absence of process to review or appeal in case the surrogacy applications are rejected.
• Ambiguity and conflicting laws.
• Lack of clarity in the definition of fertility.
Question:
• Critically discuss the status of surrogacy in India in light of the recent Supreme Court
judgment in the Arun Muthuvel vs. Union of India case (2023).
NEXT CLASS: The News in Shorts for the months of October and November will be taken up in the
next class.

11

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

11

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

11

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

Social Issues Part 1 November 2023 Class

TRIBAL WELFARE (1:21 PM)

• There is a definitional problem with respect to tribals.

• Scheduled Tribe is just an administrative definition.

• Cultural shyness/shyness of contact.

• Primitive Economy (non-monetary).

• Share of total population: approximately 10% (as per Census 2011).

• i. Central India: Maharashtra, MP, etc.

• ii. Western India: Rajasthan, Gujarat.

• iii. East India: The northeast region.

• There are around 705 STs in India.

• 1. De-notified Tribes (DNTs):

• Hence, called as De-notified tribes.

• 2. Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs):

• They have a primitive mode of agriculture.

• They have a very low level of literacy.

• Their population is either declining or stagnant.

• It is the birth anniversary of Sri Birsa Munda.

• It is celebrated to recognize the efforts of the tribal freedom fighters.

• In addition, saturation will be ensured for Sickle Cell Disease Elimination, TB

• Literacy: 59% (2011 Census)

• Highest gender gap in literacy.

• Poverty: 50% of Multi-Poverty Index.

• Exclusion from the mainstream.

• Displacement due to developmental activities.

• Debt bondage among tribals is a significant problem.

SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS (2:01 PM)

• Modernisation means a complete rational transformation across psychological, economic,

• Factors responsible for Social Isolation and Loneliness:

• Social media impact.

• Time constraints due to office hours.

• Failures in professional, academic and other aspects.

• Lack of proper parenting.

• It poses health risks like heart attacks.

• Drug use and alcoholism.

• Poor mental and emotional health.

• Poor academics and physical health.

• More community talks and social engagement.

• Educational campaigns for awareness.

• Sensitive government policies to address the issues.

ACCESSIBILITY IN URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE (2:51 PM)

• Need for it:

• To impart the Right to education.

• To provide livelihood opportunities.

• We have missed multiple targets under the Accessible India campaign.

• Poor fund allocation.

• Lack of awareness among the PwDs.

• Poor resolution mechanism.

• More sensitisation of the society towards the issue.

• Dedicated and sufficient fund allocation and investment.

DRAFT NATIONAL MENSTRUAL HYGIENE POLICY, 2023 (3:05 PM)

• It is released by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.

• It aims to ensure access to affordable and safe menstrual hygiene products.

• Social stigma and taboo.

• Poor accessibility to sanitary pads.

• Lack of gender sensitivity.

SURROGACY IN INDIA (3:13 PM)

• It can be classified into altruistic surrogacy and commercial surrogacy.

• Commercial surrogacy is not allowed in India.