UNIT-1

rur

Aduantage,Jitadvantogeg 7
PHP
charaeteriebies,
0Lotodudion, ovetvieu,
DecNavinq Varinbles in PHP obj.t, sou,

Brnloan, Dble, String,Aray,

DabaDaba types Ph atener,
In PrecedenceAssotcbviby
Opexatovs P
S) pvestions
m
P
ic PHP
Sessio handliq
Cookies PH +Jse, Je, Sui
ndsm0
stgbwens(if, fov, oreaun)
onhro
Struaures
(ontraloops (hle, dowhde
write, cJose)
n ead,
ehandl PHP
open
hand poade rdhed)
lrtvalaet and post
hurlg
ov)ovm

town
sbng Disetoaies PHP
in
StopeonHbme t a Nariable
rererna
1 onnetr database ys. as a
 CH NAG ENDRA
Lhoduehom o PHP SAL

PHPwas developacdinhe yeat 199 byApashe qtp.

t a widoly ted open Sourte ganetay purpose Sksipting Vang
+hat is
Epecia0y ued
ot web devdoprment
PHP Stands or hype tet Preproessot i s c00.J
aj
pesonoX homepage
PHP is a Server Side Seripting anquage t i mainy used fo

ovm hendlng, database Ace, web develppment.

92U
-use

990

Suta
ode is wnten here

17
Exomple', -

ho #Al ".
"

tis Statment
's ed to
whieh
9enerat autput i >

Sceip Stots iwih <php ond ands with 2

Jn above exomp
we uSe buttPHuni echo

P p
aput"H0." coweb
ends wtb Sern (oVon
phpphp Sttsrmurts
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mbedeed
PhP a Server Side Scniding Yanquoqe

ASP.NET,
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JP. ono (natrusai Ackve

Tava SevUu Lte fa Server Page
Poge
Bten ien o p PPPhpa, phtml

there is
php make use ynacols yping that mean
no oezd to dsare Varia ble type in
php.
h ge OumbeY a r y o n s hteh maket
t PAexable develop (ode t php
php proaaso worKe n wo mo d

t p h p proustornds #TL tag lo the php &vipt

heloe Siroply lopied t outwt e
shan php proanod ds php ( h Smipt -then
Coeis Sinply nderstand and puti Gpied 4
output l..
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e Can dawnload php with -frad lot in rtern=

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nate he unnetetsary
he
menoy AJNotsho),
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mony othon yanqunge and he

php lode Can be

u devi :ke
phone, Tabs, Yaptops e
obert OientedpheSuppot0ops tsvws.
Avataa
O E povtedbyW operatbq Syema ke windowl, Jnux,ch.
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arg
4TM L, Jovaripts ett.
y onract wtth The dlababase t Store end
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t ast proqromening anq uaqe lomparedt othen proqramming
arquag
php thomuaoki hrle Ore
stdto pat e
Pppbechos Altaks
Daavantaqes
Appeahent beaouse ti eoi
O otlableot Novge
mantanonce d:f%E

hondng opl famework oot qo

Dening Veriables in PHP

the Erikes that ae ustd Storing ta values

Vaviabes ore

ypedUanguaga y PHP ha noype

PHP sa dynamkally
isa

dedaratro
nn
k Variabe inlewir
The value Can be Augnedo
Variable. name Va
ta

he value n Asiped»
Variabe th by
dctaul vol ULL
nd Unauigned
}his Unauiq nud
hi
Variables are Cald Uabound Valabks and
Oul yaue a ovetd t the value 0

5tample
tt"hlo aryo Arign
Volueo a Vadable
5 put Qusts
0 5
nd it
 O.
Net
t mut bPoltnad wh. ng Vaiabl
ts oitaaanu

php Voviablet Stovts uw Hh a by Variobh name

and phr Variable nacme are Calt Sensitive.. 19

php tree
Capito ente Srnal 1.tters drty

btaople
T
a
0, A 10
both are drent

Unden tort.
Variable must
manncr
wig

enples
Stovt wth nunbun.
(3Voriabl must noE
neric Va)ues
Variab les crust lontan m pha
Spalt in he Vaiae
There skerud nob be
the name

body rput 1 5
4 1php
eke fs t{y
 0oCTYPE tm
htmly

-chody
php
Avarhiolge
echo T ove

3DATOT7PESN PHP

ustd in PHP.
here are ruStalar bype that ae

Lotget yp Stalen
Booantype typs

Dauble type o MoE

StigJ typt
Can o rnt
Store data
en Voriables

Qnd erent datatypes an, do J r u 4hings

typ Suppotsatatyp Suhal ornprund ype
also

P HP
pHP
on Speualype
 Avay ompound ypes

Spedo types
4)Rea
ye.
OLntgenype
to
&sd ploying Ipteger Vales. Ttis Say
ngaehype
blonple 5
eiait.andtmt be n deurna
AintgeY muthove at least on
ond t Can be aithey positive or nagahi ve

Deule type
aapoy
Bomples tO.5
incduds thot lmpluoy
Oumb wth deto p
POnnC

hov beore
bctore ter dedrna palnt.

BnaanPe hak anbe

J d by
h woyp
Ye
mdean ype hy a tru
 pvtsonded A and Pepresotsa4

omple

a nn Valas ons d in t d u b l e type

Rpvautdapraunttd a 0.0 ondru is Pepreannted
1.1

stoigtype
Thuu is haracen datetypeinP# Fhnacker
ha berpuented hen t Pepraented uSinq

otyp
lo0ecsn charat PhpSteng

hu
Spphp Sdot GHoru teinq
Vanas l igien bJa.

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who

7
olp T phe
 0
Followig ore the
nnsustd o
Vanou g hendi
Sthlen (si) ength o sing
hep('shing , ng3) +hs unchoo lompares Sinqa. ondthei
htoJower r q 4) onvert charactess ln irgato wur (ase

isReptnttd Shtopper(ing) Pptr (ase

Spa
orboth ends.t tzinq

henecteY OAULL NuLL is aSpecio dotatype PHP which can have

ted using y m Value NULL.

Averable type ULL s a Variabk hat has

Vau auignedto
p Stin iti
a Variable (scated whut a Val,
valu 6 NULL
aurtenaticollyaiianed a

Seirgin npidbSnvad
Vansble Can uo
+o O LL

Dample ph
S a i "

nu
Ti adh Vadump) putnul
hp
dumpi intoTmahm
abutVarbe. 1
 Reaour in PH
i not an Achu datartype,
hSpecial-raauruype and
unckns
Stog f evtnu
roury ethrnol o PHP ,

objut type
we Con (reate
hp obju overttd proqsorncning yanguage
i
objuds in php. objeutsalwl ty and ths
and
ohjet
objet

(oompaunddata ype.

cas objut and objet a an otant dt

isatemp
cyasL php w on (rate numbey daiss ina

cass andwe an nude numbenabjeks n it. This

mtaint popertis and Acien. n as neud to

objet
Stortng wt apibalter
wn a neme Stast php
clasruit
bBLample.
(ode is wrten

here
Cap.lltte

delar
o
Ststernent
an
ohju Wau we nud to ut nc

a mjelau

obj ne Myulas,
 php
Ocw stVas itstJIa
ben wth. we
lan dd
Deepak Properbes ynami ca
obj- age
Sob- maks 5
output.StJ chau dyut(
non Dupak
pe(so) 21

raysS'

Hras in php s type a

data taudture that alou
SHeve mulbple eamunt Sioat eabatype unden Single Vaiable a

a Jerent Vamables
h Savinq uwu r
h t Crecin
orv Very eata
=
Arey i a
Cedbro iearype Jennt and in
n
Php we Con inuede alameocs oed type togethon

Sing rroy
There r wo yays o ree Arrays in
php
u
Sing strut Array dt
value eiretly
Assiging
Aray
aroy10, 9 0,30, 40, 5o)
Ho empty ray
an alo be (realed uing he orr y (rnstrutt.

nchen is ustd to
banple' alY
arrar Crcate Array
ed type d bmeou in the Array
weCon have

ampk mst an4, 519, 9.23

There avt rypes oarrays i PHP

wh numerie nde

AuoLetive Ara named Keys.

Aras with
ntaining or mort Aray.
mulsdimerignel Ara Aray one

arrple lunt e Array.(v) lenqth

oCTpE ktm

array
kT", ".E", "Oulke),
echo
Coeuke)7
P:
4hdy
4/ htmb
xamplt2 <DocyeE html
chtmls
boal
-? phe
gb:kes "KTH "llee", "Dok.");
ho

opTk. kTM, a.ll.t Dke

hmds

30PERATDRS N PHP-
typy
O Arithmatc operato! Increment 8 derenert sperato
Asigamnt opesotora Ritwse opereto
Logicalical opriad

Eqalty 9peeckors
lornparision opetato
h a t are
ave
ased
acd
tha
Ahmaie operátons : fhere art 5 arithonatic Opestora
madhemahe operatots thy
are

to peorm

perstors Name blamp le

Ah
Subtatheo a-y
enuipbhvn

Divislum

w.dulus
Aiqnomnt oprators Jed by Sybl
ymbal"

oPyatov Na me bample
AssianmntE

Addien Auonent
subhacken
multiphakm
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hodidu se7. 2

ogital optyator
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Ustdoperovm deiien ie,
optratov Name blample
) AND
AND

NOT

Xor

Ptrator'

USed to lompare wo Valus

bprra Narneblample
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ideh
 (5ompavisioe opeato
L

bample
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Loment
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x4 potJotrnst

operator

A T
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ovdh ot coleahm

Preidenu and Aocitivt

meanS

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means
proy
hich bol has Voud pro
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bihst
dority
highus 1, . lwst
+

Deweat 7 ,4
 oPtxatoY Aso tiekvihy

L
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EXPRESSIONS IN PHP
lmportantbuilngblock
P#P,
prsins
are the mast
write s an bpreshon.
aWngst anything we

hal Vlu"
a"Anthing that
a

deined
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amen
asgnent opesato le)
opesator
hat apptovs thetd
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san ex pressim.
s an oresion

+ s an expression

opreui

wth + and operatos are Called

bpresin
ond tremen operaors. Bot pret and post
foemen G

oprotorsintannt
vaue st operandby 4, whee as
opetotrs dtrmnt b y 1
 Intynent pos inreenent Pr deenun pst d
ehe
euho 4 4
cchox edo f etho
exo ,

ol
11
2

ave Sqhu choreters. Usng Regular.

phP Reglor tupressin

yu lao-d a phrtiular
hring, Reploaan Shing
pre Ssion
angther, eCan pliE Single Sing
into macy
pasts e.

operator ho reu optrand Ht one is gical

Jernary
pressten.
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L1pp
cho
(ao) ?pass-
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SESSiOn HANDLING
Sorm
Apktaien, ynu openitd
with an

whn you
whn ou work si Knrwn
Kndun
enire prous
enre prous
ese
close ts
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hi s
and thenyou
ehanges
changes
when you Stert
aS Session
tkrrs
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t h e (oompater Cnd
w n you ho
+he tppliteton and doet'oot
docs'not
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problem. the
wb
becauseHhe http ddrss
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or whatE
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State.
mentain
does o uSeY
u sY tbmne
orrnh
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Voviablet
Sesuten
daul Sesson
Sesson
mulbple peaes
uedoto
user
oses he browSeY. So,
are present ui use,
Variable
abrmstim abrut 0n Singye
Sesion Variables bol
and are
ja0bleto a paqas
Ssston. Stort anchon
Storbed wh
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an thn cheeks
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and non s St
S tatr
e te
d d hen Stont Seasirn.
then

he bginnng
pt at
Sesion.Starto
deshoyed bysnSeusi' desj
Sestion Can
and
n c t o n besnot cad an rqurnunts
p # P

unctin S l e Sesslo Vaviables

Stngle all

>
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ome

Knnwn
Unst setkhon['tourter')

Stovt

wnet
php
Seuien durry

jntome&
Yeauest aresrrte
Seve
vcsuurland2

wiha
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id
unique
Sesi n

requestsotan t h e
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use Seslon

a
uSer
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6 C o o KIES IN PHP
A looKies
it

utd idntty a
a
us.

A
A Goki o Serve embeds on
useY lampuiter

destrey the Samne

Sn00
a n d

Each
i used for tratkig. purpo[e.
t wil Send the
bruwer,
wh a

les (ormpurter zquejts

a (reate

(reat
and

and
Yc
Y ctrriie
evve
e

both
Can
CooKie r o yru
(ro kie Vajuej
 th Stookest) mchen
A G reoted

path, dornain
Syotox Set Gke oam, yd, xpire,

cquirtd.'ell ther Parameters

Oame nettY
Paramettr
is

optimal

trp okiestheve ove three Stp

transpareotlySupport
PPH
ustrs
vodn detyinq Rehroing

ServenSeript Sends Stlooke o bendh. or exerpa

tation ounbey ch.
nam,

ntonaien nd
and oca
aca mach'nt
machino o Krhure sture
his
tores
ultY
wb Servet
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hen
hen n t ime browstr Sendso
Sends a rquest
ServeY ond Servu
roketournatn t
hun Send hs usen.
u se.
Iormairos ldanhty
uses that

ample GKit.nome "u

value: "Toho"
Gokie
Sat Goks akit nere, okevalu,
+ (264o 3o)
ime()

3
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ust +okiy

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Seun
Raust
Rpme+ (ktu.
 CONTROL STRUTURES IN PHP
aWous us bo lonttoV-c os o oiecahoo (ode nene ralW(odei
exuted Sequestal
Stavt
mel bon
-tSteps
FALSE
TRU E

Code exeuted

aede exe aion otnues

Lo nomal,

vu

here are wo ypes tol uchut in PH y

ona: bena Sttemens

Candiindtotemenes
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art us
to p
battnents
Carn bona
ndbenak
Jrent nems. Tere art
bacd en

tatemunts phpthy are

O PStadument
e s e Staternent

Steh Statement.
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o (ndib'en
ode
execates So Ymron'
age : 50
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bon
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exkubed 30
han
lode to
be sue more
is
age
ecko our

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de
anotheY
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ha nd ben P r o qam',

phe
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uttd
be
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eud
bo
ode(rnd:bon
be s
se

echotave a qrod ight

 Statmeat

lon dtin to test,

i et
U i s Strnunt to Speihy ew

Crndtm s l e
2php
Systox.
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nd?tmitue uo omorning
(osebe exeu d echo

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d.t Lndt echo 0dAltroam

ceuttd
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tho

re olu

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break Case"red:
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is blue!".
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tolour
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rrok

i ot pru
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tnd ti
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ole ed
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statennt
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mdsim ue |ndtinstaernanot

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ue
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brea

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lond:6on
breal

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ant the ame ok
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ode yu
when you wrte lode, J

lertatn nurnber d ms
to un ovey and oveY galn
9aln a

(de n na ip
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we ult
rops
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ex.eeutehe
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a a Cetadn (nd:Sm

ops
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while orndbin btru)

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ecoTke unber is 2b
+
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4
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th nmbe is

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fInurtet
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d dach terabon
ode

lample Lph

echo He numbe h e number o

oupus

io
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rmpa b k (ode

nan aTaY

sed o lovo
d ls
or aath Deop iagks onky on
thvgh eas KValue po'r in an ara

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2 FILE HANDUNG TN PHP

an
imporban part tfany w Apphetien
Par
f e handing
4enttasktask we. need t open and proe a e

evera nchomt oreating Teadng up

=php hay tadlng p
ad handng In PHP Smilat as hardnq lone by ng
usn

any pwgramming anguaget : K

c.
N
Mrrna let Thove
work with
cormay
PHP has manyunckont to
uncdoos are

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s ded Jo open kJe. t takay
PHPopent)unhen
wo parameters .

J .on
unch node
which mode
ontainu name4be to be opened includes in

e ghal be opentd

blample' phP
4.openP.ut, ) ;
1
a Append
pde 14 read on at aad/ppend
w t nly
+ read write

(
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ar

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ead ing Pzeadt .
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parinkey to .

wweCan avso ule otherunchons :keabs ()

qebt) ead unthens fern le

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mo des4
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h nuds Jaed.

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Ad .lete he 5em one parameer Ateptd le
e nom Btample Untak( Hl)
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.
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and ubpk l e through fw ne
PtHP a s you to upload Sle
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ollort u upload
PHe upload feater
lan have the o
mortoe, yu

Ove e which yu havepleaded usng PHP

PHP oko Suppors

PHP
authentcakon ouck
Operatinuncion

PHP FILES
tains he ormakn l e, h
The PH qlbot.PLES
we Can qer noma, AHpe, kl.se
nLE
assocattd wh Rle.
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i this example, we are a uming t e name

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tempor
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ove.
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uplonded-Klet)
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t onovthe l
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desbnao

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CONTROLS
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PHP.
use Jorms
(reate and use to use
eed to use
ww
e e
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we
oed
n th o r ,
the data present
To get
'are
bals.They Uedto (olleet
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nET mthod

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g-GET
em e PoST Method

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9etr» or
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b n
nutoue f.GE|
needto use .GEl
we
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wee

geb nched
toieve
esata
by sing
To Pab
 btrnk
PHP Post ovn
ide ued to
Post uest S.mton hdt ove
orge amount daba Sueh a onds irnnge upload
ogin formS, tgishatn' orrms
The data passed hugh Post
post sequest not Visible on the
URL bwwseYSo t a Seured y lan Send arge
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in
ASimple oample to yeevee ata rorn post Post
uest
php

methedPost"
ethon Dab. php

tat ame 2 nme b

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email
t«t
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inpu type Submit aleSuhit
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wlom
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php
sho $Postam"

addres is
yuY mai

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echoPoST "
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11. LisTIN DIRECTORIES
furckont thab o ous
PHH Prnvides Support
a ofdreetory
and
and is
dredoriu
etsieve ifomatian abou
(ontents

Vaiow directory unetions are

given belns
given beln

uocbom
descxiption

th ere change (urrot reetry

hraokc)
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ese die
gecwde Reburo
open drutory handle
open dirt

Yad aty
an
ectory
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Reurns an
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Thedirecto Junchons
ave part t PHP Co
No Insta llatirn ssquired to use these funchons

theopn on d
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inportant
prs
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lomoony usedh. Qstion
ontents aira
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open eir Syata open dir pah, Gotest);

sanots path Coptienol

Spece Uedto denote
behaviaut dt tscaro
directoy

Read dhe
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handle xeiruru
t deroter drty
hich b opened wHh opendi

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optiona parameter

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hleh opened t h openchd)

ScOPE AND LIFETME OF VARIABLFS

IN PHP
Stope aVanables:
Variablet are d uo typ
hoee
afunchen
variable Varlables declared intide
Voca
nutside

oal vaviables
3) Statbc here in the
oalVariader Can be acessed anyw
obalVariabkt ln afuncion,
it mast
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derkeraben suncbie
be darlared th a qobl
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oca Vaiable

i e n Sun) Stabe
y u want

obsa,4 Nornalwuna uncden

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be delatd. T do this
we use Stbe Kaywar

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 ctime of Vaxiable
in php-unctianbgin when
e 1: me acalVaviable
ends when e Punebeo execuhon
Variable i a t t d and e
anetion ese
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is ter temnatio
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Value d laal Variabi. lost

the
tatic ocal vaiable
in ndon bealn
The lte toe, a
the Vaviable is t t dinetion
when
nata
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the Scipt uhon terrmi

Varable is Spehed unSate kapud

T Stabe Docal
DATABASE SQL as axetexentel
GTO
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3.
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is open Sourte edatabase podutt and
MYSQL
feorhe internet.
in whiehhe xetords avé
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he table +he data
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ara nqed
arra nqt in
a equestr a question
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to yctaieve
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and t
hes
anguage
PHP is a
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ot
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(reate dynamik pegés

an ab:hyto
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lan
uley siendly and etevacive wth Sites
be (roald
Both Courte technoloqies a t uok
PH and 1y sQL ave
open
and E
handiohand to aeate gih intesnet Appltations

kighSeccure.
PHP-MySQL are Stable technolagies and have Cross plattom
+hese
Capab Hence he w oplicakon daveloped uing
tehnolagiet berome portable.

Sine HTML is embedded wth PHP, then s o need to

Sinte
wit Sepavate (ode for we- Sceiptig
PHP ho gtatong Support or devloping e-(onmerte
applitatons iq he echnoloqg ies Such a EComnerte
Drupal and Sood
heroost wbsites beng
Popalar
developed using PHP
nd Hy SqL echlages are
nd

Otaehok
()wordpres
iikt peda
ahvo
 s usedto establih (onnecbon
7Mys_ (onnett)Junekon a

behween PH and MySQL

tuntions to My SQL
ust
to (cate daba baSt 'fancion
for eors .in (ommandS mysaeor()

mySeleub.dk
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stng Databest

Jables prttt nside he databate

art

lst_ nckon b used o uplay baLl

uncken
roys t.Le
Present tasase Can a o use 9uery we lan

Peto Varios operationsKe

O (reabe a kable

Lseting data int the bablk

altering table
D . l q tble