INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MODULE 1:

What is ICT?

 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to the use of

technology for handling,transmitting, and storing information.

 Information - refers to knowledge obtained from reading investigation, study or

research.
 Communication - means of sending or receiving information.
 Technology - is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes or
applications.

Uses of ICT in our Daily Lives

1. COMMUNICATION - is an act of transmitting messages; a process of exchange of

information between individuals through verbal and non-verbal means.
2. JOB OPPORTUNITIES - In the employment sector, ICT enables organizations to
operate more efficiently, so employing staff with ICT skills is vital to the smooth
running of any business.
3. EDUCATION - In the employment sector, ICT enables organizations to operate
more efficiently, so employing staff with ICT skills is vital to the smooth running of
any business.
4. SOCIALIZING - In the employment sector, ICT enables organizations to operate
more efficiently, so employing staff with ICT skills is vital to the smooth running of
any business.
 IMPACT OF ICT IN THE SOCIETY

POSITIVE IMPACT

 Access to information.
 Improved access to education, e.g. distance learning and online tutorials.
 New tools, new opportunities.
 Communication.
 Information management.
 Security
 Distance Learning
 Creation of new more interesting jobs

NEGATIVE IMPACT

 Job loss
 Reduced Personal Interaction
 Reduced Physical Activity
 Cost
 Competition
MODULE 2

Definition of Computer

 Computer is a programmable machine.

 Computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data.

Three principal characteristics of computer:

1. It can perform tasks without human intervention.

2. It can process data quickly.
3. It can perform calculations with high precision and consistency.

APPLICATIONS OF ICT (COMPUTERS) IN OUR DAILY LIVES

 Business
 Education
 Healthcare
 Retail and Trade
 Government
 Marketing
 Science
 Publishing
 Arts and Entertainment
 Communication
 Banking and Finance
 Transport
 Navigation
 Working from home
 Military
 Social And Romance
 Booking and Vacation
 Security and Surveillance
 Weather forecasting
 Robotics
a)Tally Sticks - Was an ancient memory aid device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even messages.

b)Abacus (Invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C) - a mechanical device use to aid an

individual in performing mathematical calculation.

c) Napier’s Bone (Invented by John Naple in 1622) - Allowed the operator to

multiply, divide and calculate square and cube root.

d)Slide Rule (Invented by William Oughtred in 1622) - Used primarily for

multiplication-division-roots-logarithms-trigomometry.

e)Pascaline - Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. It was its limitations to addition

and subtraction.

f) Stepped Reckoner - Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672. The

machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically.

g)Jacquard Loom - the Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom, invented by Joseph

Marie Jacquard in 1881. An automatic loom controlled by punched cards.

h)Arithmometer - A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas De Colmar In

1820. The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculation machine.
The machine could perform the four basic mathematics function, it also the first
mass-produced calculating machine.

i) Difference Engine and Analytical Engine - Automatic, mechanical calculator

designed to tabulate polynomial functions. Invented by Charles Babbage in
1822 - 1834. The first mechanical computer.

j) First Computer Programmer - In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggest to Babbage

that he use the binary system. She also writes program for the Analytical Engine.

k) Scheutzian Calculation Engine - This was invented by Per Geong Scheutz in

1843, it was based on Charles Babbage’s difference engine. This was also dub as
 the first printing calculator.

l) Tabulating Machine - Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890, the main function

is to assist in summarizing information and accounting.

m) Harvard Mark 1 - Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator

(ASCC). Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943, this the first electro-
mechanical computer.
n) Z1 - The first programmable computer, created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from
1936 - 1938.
o) Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) - This was the first electronic digital computing
device, invented by Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry
at Iowa State University 1939 - 1942.
p) Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) - The first electronic general
purpose computer, completed in 1946. Developed by John Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly.
q) Universal Automatic Computer 1 (UNIVAC 1) - The first commercial computer, designed
by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
r) Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) - The first stored Program
computer, designed by Von Neumann in 1952. This has a memory to hold both stored
program as well as data.
s) Osborne 1 - The first portable computer, released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer
Corporation.
t) Electronic Controls Company - The first Computer Company, founded in 1949 by John
Presper Eckert and John Mauchy.

BASIC COMPUTING PERIOD-AGES

a) Premechanical - Early alphabet were developed such as the Phoenician Alphabet.

b) Mechanical - It was the first start to see connections between our current technology and
its ancestors.
c) Electromechanical - The beginnings of telecommunication.
d) Electronic - We currently live in.

HISTORY OF COMPUTER: GENERATION OF COMPUTER

 The First Generation (1946 - 1958)
- Vacuum Tubes
 The Second Generation (1959 - 1964)
- Transistors
 The Third Generations (1965-1970)
- Integrated Circuit
 The Fourth Generation (1971- Today)
- Microprocessor
 The fifth Generation (Today - Future)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI)

MODULE 3

 WORLD WIDE WEB - Is a collection of interconnected documents and resources accessible

via web browsers and contains hypertext links, or highlighted keywords and images
that lead to related information.

TIMOTHY JOHN BERNERS-LEE (Invented the World Wide Web) - Also know as TimBL. He is
an English Engineer and Computer Scientist.

1. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

 It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide
linking web pages and hyperlink. Most read only web. If focused on company’s home
pages.
Example of Web 1.0
 Home Page
 Directories
 MP3
 Page Views

DISADVANTAGES
 Read only web
 Limited user interaction
 Lack of standards

2. Web 2.0 (Read-Write Static Web / Dynamic)

 A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an
increasing emphasis on human collaboration. It is a platform that gives users the
possibility (liberty) to control their data.
Social Networking
 is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends, family,
colleagues, customers, or clients.

Example of Social Networking

 Facebook
 Twitter
 Instagram
 Pinterest
 LinkedIn
 Google

Blogs
 is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web consisting of
discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in
reverse chronological order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the
web page.
Example of Blogs
 Word Press
 Blogger

Wikis
 is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience
directly using a web browser.
Example of Wikis
 Wikipedia
 Wikiqoute
 Wikidata
 Wikispecies
 Wikinews

Video Sharing Sites

 a website that let people upload and share their video clips with the public at large or
to invited guests.
Example
 YouTube
 Vimeo
 Blip.tv
 Flickr
 Viddler

Key Features of Web 2.0

1. Folksonomy
 Allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging).

2. Rich User Interface

 Content is dynamic and responsive to user’s input. An example would be a website that
shows local content.

3. Mass Participation

4. User Participation
 Others are able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and
evaluation.

5. Software service - (e.g. google)

6. Long Tail
 services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase.

3. Web 3.0 (Read-Write Intelligent Web/Semantic)

 Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the
web.
 More connected, open, and intelligent with semantic web technologies, distributed
databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning, and
autonomous agents.

Semantic Web
 provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.

TYPES OF WEBSITE
a. E-commerce Website
- A website people can directly buy products from you’ve probably used a number of e-
Commerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones have one.
Example: Business Website

b. Entertainment Website
- A websites that you visit purely for entertainment purposes.
Example: Portfolio Website

c. Media Website
- collect news stories or other reporting.

d. Brochure Website
- are a simplified form of business websites.
Example: Non-profit Website

e. Infopreneur Website
- A websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but they represent a uniq ue
type of online business.
Example: Personal Website

f. Web Portal
- A often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or institution.
Example: Wiki or Community Forum Website

THE INTERNET
 The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world
that connects billions of computer user. The word internet comes from combination
between “interconnection” and “network”.

HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

1960 - Which was developed the Advance Research Project Agency (ARPA)
1982 - The word “internet” started.

MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE INTERNET

1. SERVER
 is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it’s user.

Types of Server
 Application Server
 Proxy Server
 Mail Server
 File Server
 Policy Server

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)

 Is a numerical label assigned to each device. This provides identity to a network device.

3. BROWSER
 Is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web.

4. DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM (DNS)

 is the phonebook of internet.

5. INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDE (ISP)

 is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or participating in the internet.

2 types of ISP
a) National ISP - provided internet access to a specific geographic area.
b) Regional ISP - business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide.
Ex. Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

USES OF INTERNET
 Look for Information
 Watch ad post videos
 School works, jobs, and home purposes
 Send and Receive electronic email
 Social networking
 Financial Transactions.