8TH GRADE

SUBJECT SCIENCE
FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL:

PROPERTIES OF
MATERIALS
AL ABIDIN ISLAMIC JHS SURAKARTA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAPER
01 DISSOLVING 04 CHROMATOGRPHY

SOLUTIONS AND
02 SOLUBILITY 05 CONCLUSIONS

PLANNING A
03 SOLUBILITY 06 DOCUMENTATION
INVESTIGATION
01
DISSOLVING
 WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
Remember that matter is
divided into two categories :
pure substances (elements and
compounds) and mixtures.
Physical changes can separate
the components of a mixture,
unlike the components of a
compound. Furthermore, the
proportions of each
component in a combination
are not fixed
 WHAT IS A SOLUTION?
Solution is a mixture in which particle of substance (solute) are mixed with particle of liquid so
that the substance can no longer be seen.

Solvent
The substance that is dissolves into or a liquid in
which other substance will dissolve

Solute
The substance that is dissolved
ABOUT THE SOLUTIONS
● A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is referred to as
a solution
● The solution prevents a beam of light from passing through it
(ALWAYS TRANSPARENT)
● The particles of the solute inside the solution are invisible to the
naked eye
MATERIAL PROPERTIES

TRANSPARENT TRANSLUCENT OPAQUE

A material through which A material cloudy and
A material through which
light can pass in a way that through part of light can
light cannot pass
produce clear image pass.
Ex : milk, wood
Ex : solution of sugar, Ex : Paper,
solution af salt , glasses
 DISSOLVING AND MELTING

DISSOLVING MELTING
● The solid mixes into the liquid to make a ● The solid changes into a liquid that is the
new liquid, called a solution same material
● Not a phase change ● Phase change
● Doesn’t neeed heat to occur ● Need heat to occur
● Mass of solute + mass of solvent ● Mass of solid = mass of liquid
 MASS OF SOLUTION

200 gram
of water
+ 40 gram of
sugar = 240 gram
of sugar
solution

The mass of solution equals the total mass of solute and solvent.
No mass has been lost, The mass has been conserved
 02
SOLUTION AND
SOLUBILITY
 KIND OF SOLUTION

CONCENTRATED DILUTE
A concentrated solution is a solution in A dilute solution is a solution in which a small
which a large mass of solute is dissolve mass of solute is dissolve in large volume
 SOLUBILITY
A measure of how soluble a solute is in the particular solvent

SOLUBLE
A solid that dissolves in a solvent

INSOLUBLE
A solid that will not dissolve in solvent
If we keep adding soluble solid in to solvent, there comes a point
where no more of solid will dissolve.

WHAT HAPPENS????

SATURATED
SOLUTION
A solution in which no more of the solute will dissolve
 Comparing Solubility
To compare the solubility of different solutes, you must measure how
much of each solute will dissolve in a known amount of the solvent

Solute Solubility in grams of solutes per

100 g of the solvent at 20 C
Sodium Chloride 36
Copper Sulfate 32
Calcium Chloride 74
Potassium Chlorate 7
Lead chloride 1
 Draw a Graph
Solubility in grams of solutes per 100 g of the
solvent at 20 C
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Sodium Chloride Copper Sulfate Calcium Chloride Potassium Lead chloride
Chlorate
Solubility in grams of solutes per 100 g of the solvent at 20 C
Temperature and Solubility
Temperature Potassium Sodium Copper
nitrate Nitrate sulfate
0 14 73 13
10 21 81 15
20 32 88 17
30 45 96 20
40 63 105 30
50 84 114 35
60 108 124 40
70 136 134 47
80 168 148 56
 Graph of The Relationship Between Temperature and Salt Solubility
180

160

140
Mass of salt dissolved in 100 g water

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Temperature
Potassium nitrate Sodium Nitrate Copper sulfate
 Planning A
03 Solubility
Investigation
Temperature
increase, the
solubility of
most solute also
increase TEMPERATURE
For
For example,
example, ifif you
you have
have 100
100 gg water
water at at 20
20 AND SOLUBILITY
CC you
you can
can dissolve
dissolve 200
200 gg of
of sugar.
sugar. IfIf you
you
heat
heat the
the water
water upup to
to 80
80 CC you
you can
can dissolve
dissolve
450
450 gg of
of sugar.
sugar.
Factor that effect Solubility
Temperature
Stirring Speed
of Solvent

Size of Solute Type of Solute

Independent Variable
“cause” factor or
Variable that you change

Dependent Variable
“effect” factor or
Variable that you measure

Controlled Variable
constant variable or
Variable that you keep
 Experiment
• The effect of solvent temperature on solute solubility
• The effect of solute size on solute solubility
• The effect of stirring speed on solute solubility
• The effect of solute type on solute solubility
 04
PAPER
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Paper Chromatography Chromatogram
A technique for separating
mixture of dissolved chemical The resulting separation of
using special paper (separating substance after carrying out
colour) chromatography

The higher the solubility of

the molecule, the higher the
displacement on the paper.
 THANKS
YOU
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