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statistical data

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siddiquigujjar551
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Statistical data

Statistical data classified in two types (i) Primary Statistical data (ii) Secondary statistical
data.

(i) Primary Data; primary data are raw material of a statistical inquiry. It is a
sequence of observed values in their order of collection. It is original in nature. Or
it is first hand collection. It has not undergone any statistical treatment. It is
ungrouped data.

(ii) Secondary Statistical Data; It is a sequence of observations which have been


undergone at least one stage from the source of collection. Secondary data is that
which has already been complied and analysis someone. It is grouped data.

A data can be primary for one person and secondary for the other.

Methods of collecting Primary Data: There are various methods for the collection
of Primary data. The choice of method depends upon the nature, object and scope of
understudy problem; Primary data are collected by the following methods;

(a)Direct Personal Investigation: In this method, the investigator obtains the


information personally. It is necessary for the investigator to meet the people personally
and get the first hand information by putting different questions to them. This method
requires a lot of expenses and time. So it is employed only in laboratory. The information
collected by this method is reliable and accurate. This method is not suitable for
extensive inquiry.

(b) Indirect Personal Investigation: In this method, instead of directly approaching the
informants the investigator interviews third persons who are directly or indirectly in
touch with the information sought. Success or failure of such a method depends upon the
representative character of the witnesses settled for investigation. It is a method i.e., (i)
less expensive and takes less time. (ii) It is a good method for conducting an extensive
inquires.
(c) Mailed Questionnaire Method

In this method a questionnaire containing a number of questions related to the


subject under investigation is prepared. These questionnaires are then sent to the
informants by post. The informants are expected to send them back after filling
them within a fixed period. The question should be easily understood and the
questionnaire should be concise. The answers should consist of “yes” or “No” or
numerical indication where possible. It is less expensive method and has greater
scope but there may be many errors in the answers because there will be no body
to explain these questionnaire.

(d) Investigation through questionnaire in charge of enumerators

In this method, enumerators are appointed who go to informants with the


questionnaire and help them in recording the answers. Here the enumerators help
the informants in understanding some technical terms or a question the concept of
which is not clear to informants. The enumerators should be hard-working and
intelligent. This method is very useful for extensive inquiry but this method is very
expensive.

(e) Investigation through local reports

In this method, local agents of correspondents are appointed in different parts of


the area under investigation. These correspondents are asked to collect information
and hand them over to the investigators. This method is not reliable because it is
approximate. If no accuracy is desired this method is applied. This method is least
expensive. This method gives only rough estimates.

(f) Registration Method:

In this method the information is reported to the appropriate authority when or


shortly after an event occurs like birth and death register.
Methods of Collection of Secondary Data (Four):
(a) Official; Publications of Statistics division, Economic Survey of Pakistan
Ministries of Finance Production, Industry, Commerce, Food and agriculture,
Education, Manpower, Health, Communication and Provincial statistics bureaus,
Population census etc.

(b) Semi-Official; Publication and reports Published by State Bank of Pakistan,


Wapda, Railway and Transport boards, Trading Corporations, Cotton committee,
PIDF, PTDC, District Govt. Local bodies.

(c)Private Sector; Publications of Trade Associations, Chambers of Commerce,


Stock Market, Cooperative Societies, Insurance Companies, Trade Unions etc.

(d) Research Organization; Publications of Research Workers Economists,


Universities, Medical Research, Agricultural Research, Council, P.C.S.I.R. Atomic
energy Commission etc. Technical and Trade journals Periodicals and Newspapers.

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