Page

122 Date.

FUnchoms and Mefhod

CAass- is Legical Lmshrut up
wuh endine shucthe de
Edeu the hah natuse
A clos3 di ur dala

Syntax Aass clas name

instance vonoble 1
instancevoxiable2
Lntan ce vona ble n
liit
tpe uthed nome 1 (paiaales

I/ body
wethod rnamen Parauadesut
tup

had

he data auo Mabiahle dind withu u tlau

Oh tlla intance undalle
Cde uCenatüud authads
BAth t muthtds 0sunle dau4
burzet
 2
Page
Date

Hclaus
inbles dtned nithn la e called
nhance
A t n c e raiables ecouLe ach peet
remtauas
Cemtala4
L n Cby these2/mao
heh e dala 4rhebet
0
epasate and wnalLe m he_data
dnethe ee

ClassTnahgi{e
doubleb 2 insBance
ubleh variable

reain ec
OM
uhieh hare the
Cund behatLLS 03 20mechasdtEhhu
Ahared
lass A he
20tware
i t i nin am ableg and mplem G
haADALS WLth methods.
SUnd aX cas name obyeet amea ewK
obc o
dasomcd)
heur hmangle O
Uhe obicc
seSinstonce vamable with
dhehep o ) dor abea ator

Duzzet
 Functhem
e e
xecuctnble natruetiansorchtAied

uncti.ans. 4
hetgh melhnls hméaleclasatim

KcAunce atatemen
Eeecutoble.
statemenis
LAa and
Lub-programmt within
uthiD
wtiuchprt rDLLLL da
maun Oregram
aho uins aue ut
hamepasamekes

Syntae tube

bodu

tybe Aata
data
KCNube-J spcutes
methseSE coh be
n m he
dala Tye
C CLn erwn Cuny
nchiom dae no
fhn_yhc 1&
-alu han

unchim Deinathon
ine theunchen
E Lthe s h

handa.ke
Aes specdieryLmadiler (rcktn tuhe\(kunchn ne)

bod

deeumuu t ambut
buzzet
 Page
acceM Dete
he unction e n to be e t
he
OPublic mean& ta aLcessible

Birat Cnlu biLct e

QLceSRhe veriables &ame
&ame claSA (On
meh nclsaLan
methbels
Proteched-he
Coun e ariab les ound methoel
tesse d Hae Hhe &1b class
Medie 9t an e na toutie,
n c o nPo
meth6-d COun 9+ mla
K chan
meou metheds
uwithD ceating_ Can Ure called
net8 tetic h h pect J a methed
to CLcRR t

Ptuun yp
detesunnuwsHe t olato Lushech a
wwww uhuhcm
uhhn
eecuteo
e DrimilAe g nm +Can
an
w ve tbe
au han etugun
 Page
Date

Fnchm name
Owmy hame r e t h a y elo
lE_Cah be
to the pocess. t muAt L ule
a identte

Purannedes ist
These eaiaaes

eluues paked
dusuns etiaed Call
m m amma Aepasoted Lut D
vaxiables,

Cassiucatlom o nCtims
1 Pare etined
untiom whh ahi awailoble iThih aa
packag nd can used lu imbarting
he requustd package
Exampe Math O
Mah sqr OAALU
2
User oleuued unchog
unhm & de P he Dommey
uoithin
pom nCLloc task
Ce Sum tactonal

Based
Based the tate the ore
etuwARd he hm hi a
Pune dhaa HCCeLsn me-thbea)
wuewnthn
buzzet
Mutatrr methielL
 Page
PuLhe unchhom 6Date
retuttms mne
alu tot Colo L mo nchca
not
medle J eun
Vaue
4 called Called CLR
acceARr mth.sd knon a
nutatOm mehad
9E_doLs net chang
the dade oan msLDe2tnde
obect Changed each me
S Called
9+ CemtalaR euHn
L 9+ m
ma not
pa inonotidn a Lntain uuo
a bahoulas elueP khalernoent lut Charge
he inlte o eaejred

2Parawetz
E oomable ArguMPAAY
delasd hu a methrd R passeo
dhateiee Vkue methedwe t
aethhd u wweke
Called

alLoLLS neihed
0 e Qeneralued
A paaanndeaalise opehat
Ca
ubdate mm uantN
buzzet
dalo
 Page
Date

int sauas

Yeturn iX

Jhe squase mehod

oletun
SquuaAe a tateuen
Velue Is

ActualPaxametta
Uhy abhea L lhu pbea in
Luhchm Col Uncthin cdetnatin.
method

Not preceded y Precedad th data

dalatb
Rel o the actu
alue passed to the alu p.aed n
unchm chcm

D int_mLLHply_int Xint y

Tetuswn
b L l b25
Ab whply LL b) Acw tohu
Dzzet
 Page:
Oate:
Function hototybe Funchon S1ghatune
Tst ine o
nctiom deinahon Ha
-asically nee to
Hells +he numbef and ypes
oYam alrou
H ybe ovalue angumens
tusncd Unchm
the number and tyhe o
U
drUmen ts
helbs to delermine
Lohether heunchim is
Invovo ked ropery_0r not lb
masung fhe nLumber and
Te argument
iht amultp y int x int y
retuenm Siqna-ure

unctim Proto-fybe

Feample
Clags abc

void maun ( 0

int 5 26
int abc maelmtln 10
Susm sut piintln ("Greateut is z ) D
I d maeimum t a
i t b) ( )

a> b) e
buzzet r whn a
m
 Page
Date

ex Class abe
int cube int a)

t h tn aa* a
e-uun h R

void main
iht X 5 , u 0 ,
: Cube (x) ,(1D
Sysiem-9Ltprintlnheube o +

Ketwuning a Value
ahe Juo poin o emember
The
Jupe odata 2efuhned hthe methad
mu e Campotble(samewith the eutn_
ybe Specifed h emethbd.
teample
F tusun ube methadi eoean
thaun toMot tuUnOn inttgL

D he OhLaHe LLLLAg tlue aluL HLUnLa

the muthd mAat alae
wnthe hututun LubeAerikd
the methbo

buzzet
 Pege
IO lDate-

KetuunStadement
unchm mimates
when 0 uLua
Adattment
A ound
u s e t u l in twb ays
)Animmediale exit om the unctim
&ten Qstu ound and he mhr
passes ack he caller mo-dule.

t wAedoetuneuun a vaue o he
Co lleng CEde
A tnt
omCoum Con tan 3enesal metuun Statemt
Jout 6ne
hem 9et exeuttd
cauuie 300m as t N
ound the ere uutiom
e r minated

A uctionCo e imvokes two methoels-

Call bi Value Pass by valu)
Call b4 Relerence ce (Pau by en0 nte

Call By Value
tCbie the ale attualparamele3
inko m a l pohautK. e uncthon
Ctotes otCwm Cob
ueACd thtn herm
HIA khe Lalloa uuctuom Crtalus
YWw
thewn
Duzzet
 Page
Date

tuwcthom oloesmet hawe

ac¬es aLqunal uaiallesattua

basameIAL) auo uOsk On the

alue sated
Lobies hL Tqumenf
Uh aLgLnal Cop
2CmauM

Excample
LLaosat

OLd tst Linti, intj

= 2:

LOLO maln O

=neuzale
int a- 15, bE 20 Þ
Susicm 0ut.brintln "belee Lall o 4ta
Suskm brintln 'betamt Call b u"+h)

uslemout brintln He lall a u a

Syslea aut antin Altea Lall b u+b

buzzet
 Pago
Date:

Chaiacetucs o Call by Value

Oriainoalvalue counhot be chanqed

Called me-thod qets 6m a Cep

variable

3 A CQumeuL p mitie dauta tybe

CUh bagec
Jh ceby o angumeut value
m aut uwe d Kebaunate memr
LoCo 1om
 Page
13 Date

Call by Belunence
ie.inattad
dE u&LdilkisCat mechanium uncem
baksing valu to he
a
Cngina
eug Callleda ALnce to
rmoa
vanable &AAd Huse he
ecemes 0rance acual
pas.aneBe
HuAL Hhe chm does he
pASasuelts
values rathe
Chtate Cepy o m9nal vaUL rodhe
Ounal alue heye.re
Dekswth trigidal olata aud buu
clhausaein he alue get ellecded
data hereporrth alestp
the

Chah atteishi.cs
Lhen theunchmik callacd in hepro9rumg
the values o ahualparametes ente
pasaAoAeLR
mal

i nu chanse poaMAtes a u t
Hhet heat pakeo 21CuPua

1 E Ued Lheh u Aaut th_chAmAehe

stote he ect.

vheachual pasalesi uhuh dhe_basseo

0 that_ hltec
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Date:
te

Ca by Vaulue Call u Renence

d Here he ma Heae mal paaumetes
pahauaAe ecieAN Hhe
olata Lm Otual panauee,
Hheocualpohabatkh
LChong.cs made n the L Changts made t the
rathe m o pahaotesa dn 0mmal pasamtes3
the actual te the Atote o
aaaseter Q uLa poramee

tunchn uPrimiieolata tube areh h dAt o

pagsed afven closs the ae
assed a arame tess

progYamns
22nLeal unchior Ovex loading
9 possible to oene uD rmoe
mehocl thin he Same Class ha
Ahancs he &ame mo me C Leng
there pCnCumeles oleclah.ohm a d een
hen Lh he case fhe thad
Hhe Oe &aid to b e oveLoded and he
prOcess L ccaned method OuClocading
Methsd OuAoadig L me h e
ALeAAe KLDAtz polum0rhusm

Whea
whenAu 0wsLoadeo mhod inueked
aAA UALA the abe 05 nLUmlLh_
whdhe Cre

DAAL Aded method ia alleolz Uhintto

buzzet
 15 Page
Date:

the tub i n the numb

oh
o thhe
ameers he nuLsloaded mlnod may
Y
haue ditestnt

Eeamble -

Class abc

void addint xint4

um iatlx+y) addS,1o)
Sopln(Jhe
void add detuble 2 double y add (p

SoblnSumi ' (+y) addS 10 S,15:5

Voicd ada double 2, duble y dnublez

opln Sum i 24y +7