Correlation between social support… Deodatus A J, Sigilipoe M A, Widagdo T M M
CORRELATION BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND THE QUALITY OF
LIFE ELDERLY IN PRAWIRODIRJAN SUB-DISTRICT YOGYAKARTA
Aditya J Deodatus 1), Mitra A Sigilipoe 2), The M M Widagdo 3)
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The largest elderly population in Indonesia in 2017 was in Yogyakarta (13.81%). Increased life expectancy leads to changes in population, namely the higher percentage of older people. The increased number of elderly makes efforts to improve the quality of life of the elderly quite important. Purpose: To assess the correlation between social support and the quality of life of the elderly in the Prawirodirjan Sub-district, Gondomanan District, Yogyakarta Municipality. Method: This is a cross-sectional study with a sample of 50 people. Measurement of social support was done using the MOS Social Support Survey questionnaire. Measurements for quality of life were done using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Respondents were 50 people consisting of 10 men (20.0%) and 40 women (80.0%). Age of respondents ranged from 60-81 years. The statistical analysis results showed significant correlations between social support (MOS Social Support Survey) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) in the Physical Health (r=0,771, p= 0,001), Psychological (r=0,550, p=0,001), Social Relationship (r= 0,664, p=0,001), Environment (r= 0,455, p = 0,001). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between social support (MOS Social Support Survey) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) in the elderly living in Prawirodirjan Sub- district, Gondomanan District, Yogyakarta Municipality.
Keywords: Social Support, Quality Life, Elderly
1) Student of Faculty of Medicine, Kristen Duta Wacana Yogyakarta Christian University. Email : [email protected], 2) Faculty of Medicine, Kristen Duta Wacana Yogyakarta Christian University
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INTRODUCTION Yogyakarta City. It used a consecutive
random sampling method. The sample was Data show that the world's elderly elderly aged 60 years who are willing to population in 2015 reached 881 million.1 be respondents and live in Kelurahan The elderly population in Asia reached 527 Prawirodirjan, Yogyakarta City. It involved million. A person can be categorized as a total of 50 samples. Sampling was carried elderly if they are 60 years or older out by filling in the Mini-Mental State (Government Regulation of the Republic of Examination (MMSE) questionnaire that Indonesia, 2004). Besides, referring to data has been adjusted to the education level and from the Statistics Indonesia, the elderly is age of the respondent, Activities of Daily divided into 3, namely young elderly (60- Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of 69 years), middle-aged elderly (70-79 Daily Living (IADL), Medical Outcomes years), and old elderly (80 years or more) Study (MOS Social Support Survey (Central Bureau of Statistics Yogyakarta Instrument) ), and (WHOQOL-BREF). City, 2018). Based on the Ministry of Then, the obtained data were analyzed Health of the Republic of Indonesia (2017), using univariate and bivariate analysis to Indonesia had 23.66 million elderly identify the correlation between the MOS (9.03%) in 2017.2 A total of 19 provinces in Social Support Survey Instrument and the Indonesia (55.88%) has an elderly WHOQOL-BREF. The normality of the population structure. Furthermore, the data had been tested previously to check the largest percentage of the elderly population data distribution. The normality test used in Indonesia in 2017 was in DI Yogyakarta an analytical method of Kolmogorov province (13.81%), followed by Central Smirnov. Moreover, normally distributed Java (12.59%) and East Java (12.25%).2 data were then analyzed using the Pearson The aging process is a natural correlation analysis. change in the body's anatomical and biochemical systems that can affect RESULTS psychology and its ability to perform its The characteristics of functions. Thus, the elderly cannot carry respondents are presented based on gender, out activities independently without others' age, education, past and current support due to aging or illness. On the other occupations, marital status, and living. hand, not all older people experience limitations in carrying out activities Table 1 Characteristics of Respondents independently.3 The social support provided to the elderly can create a sense of comfort for them elderly. The elderly feel cared for and accepted by the people closest to them.4 Social support can affect the quality of life of the elderly. Quality of life is an individual understanding to feel and experience important events to achieve welfare.5 The higher the quality, the better the welfare.
METHODS This study used a quantitative analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. The population was elderly who live in Kelurahan Prawirodirjan,
62 Correlation between social support… Deodatus A J, Sigilipoe M A, Widagdo T M M
Elderly social support was
measured using the MOS Social Support Survey Instrument. The highest value is 72, and the lowest value is 29. The mean value and standard deviation obtained are 47.42 ± 8.337, with the lowest value of 29 and the highest value of 72. It can be seen that 23 (46.0%) respondents have poor social support, and 27 (54.0%) respondents have good social support.
Table 2 Description and Classification of
Social Support The results of cognitive function measurement using the MMSE Classification of Social n % questionnaire reveal the highest value of 30 Support and the lowest value of 9. The mean and Poor social support 23 46.0 standard deviation values are 26.64 ± 4.707 with the lowest and highest MMSE value of Good social support 27 54.0 9 and 30. A total of 6 elderly respondents (12.0%) most likely experience cognitive impairment and six elderly respondents The quality-of-life assessment in (12.0%) possibly experience cognitive WHOQOL-BREF covers four domains, impairment. Meanwhile, 38 elderly including the physical health domain, respondents (76.0%) are within normal containing seven questions. The limits. psychological domain contains six Assessment of the daily activities of questions; the social relationship domain elderly respondents used the ADL contains three questions, and the questionnaire with the highest value of 20 environmental domain contains eight and the lowest value of 11. The mean and questions. standard deviation are 18.98 ± 2.075 with the lowest and highest ADL value of 9 and Table 3 Description and Classification of 20 Based on those data, 2 (4.0%) Quality of Life respondents have moderate dependence in carrying out daily activities, 17 (34%) respondents have mild dependence, and 31 (62.0%) respondents are independent in carrying out daily activities. The assessment of heavier daily activities used the IADL questionnaire with the highest value of 16 and the lowest value of 0. The average value and standard deviation obtained are 11.94 ± 3.951 with the lowest and highest lowest IADL values of 0 and 16. Based on those data, 1 (2.0%) respondents cannot carry out daily activities; 5 (10.0%) respondents need assistance; and 44 respondents (88%) are The Pearson correlation test tested independent in carrying out daily activities. the correlation between the MOS Social Support Survey Instrument and
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WHOQOL-BREF. It used the Pearson elderly with a total sampling method. The correlation test because the data were data were obtained using perception scales normally distributed. of social support and psychological welfare. Then, the obtained data were Table 4 Correlation Test between MOS processed using the t-test and obtained a p- Social Support Survey Instrument and value of 0.001 <0.05, meaning a positive correlation between perceptions of social support and psychological welfare of the elderly at Paguyuban Lansia Sehat PMI Kota Semarang. Thus, the better the given support and social welfare received, the better the psychological welfare of the DISCUSSION elderly.7 This study found that social In the Social Relationship domain, support (MOS Social Support Survey the correlation value obtained is positive, Instrument) has a positive correlation with indicating that the better the social support the quality of life of the elderly provided, the better the quality of life- (WHOQOL-BREF) in the domains of related to the social relationship of the physical health, psychological, social elderly. It is in line with the previous study relationship, and environment. In the by Ariyanthi (2016), which used a non- physical health domain, the presence of random sampling technique. It used the social support impacts the quality of life of Social Provision Scale and PIL-R the elderly. Social support is obtained in instruments involving 100 respondents. It various forms which will directly or obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p <0.05). It indirectly benefit the elderly. The Elderly can be seen that there is a positive will get more benefits for their life if the correlation between social support and social support provided is high to face quality of life in friendship and love. life's challenges well. The results of this Therefore, if the elderly have better social study are in line with a previous study relationships with friends or family, the conducted by Aswan Herlina in 2015. The higher the social support, it positively study used a descriptive correlational affects the elderly.8 method with a cross-sectional approach In the Environment domain, the involving 52 respondents with a total correlation value obtained is positive. The sampling method. This study used the environment can be described as a Social Provision Scale (SPS) condition around an individual, including questionnaire and the WHOQOL-BREF home environment, freedom, financial Indonesian questionnaire for the quality- resources and social care, and being able of-life variable. The results obtained a p- to carry out recreation or other activities.9 value of 0.017, which is lower than 0.05, Previous research by Winahyu, indicating a relationship between social Wahyuniati, and Sekarsari in 2017 used support and quality of life. The previous the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived study has explained that the social support Social Support (MSPSS) instrument to provided to the elderly has a significant measure social support and the World effect on the quality of life for the elderly.6 Health Organization Quality Of Life In the psychological domain, the (WHOQOL-BREF) to measure the quality correlation value is positive. It means that of life. It involved 71 respondents. The the better the social support provided, the result showed a positive correlation better the psychological health between the perception of social support (Psychological) of the elderly. and the quality of life of the elderly, Desiningrum (2015) study involved 112 particularly in the social and
64 Correlation between social support… Deodatus A J, Sigilipoe M A, Widagdo T M M
environmental domains. Therefore, if the Sebaya Dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia
elderly can interact with their environment Di Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha’, well, the higher the social support.10 Cybrarians Journal, 2(37), pp. 1–31. doi: 10.12816/0013114. CONCLUSION and SUGGESTION 3. Christie (2013) ‘Perbedaan In contrast, the level of quality of Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Wanita life varied for each domain. The level of Lajang Ditinjau dari Tipe Wanita social support for the elderly in Kelurahan Lajang.’, Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Prawirodirjan, Yogyakarta City, mostly Universitas Surabaya, 2, 1-16., 84(1), showed good social support with an pp. 487–492. Available at: average of 47.42. Furthermore, social http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10 support has a strong relationship with the 322/3933. quality of life of the elderly in Kelurahan 4. Desiningrum, D. R. (2015) Prawirodirjan, Yogyakarta City. The ‘Kesejahteraan Psikologis Lansia elderly are expected to participate in Janda/Duda Ditinjau dari Persepsi community activities in their surroundings Terhadap Dukungan Sosial dan to get social support to improve their Gender’, Jurnal Psikologi Undip, 13(2), quality of life. Families are expected to be pp. 102–106. doi: active in supporting elderly activities and 10.14710/jpu.13.2.102-201 decisions. Then, future research on social 5. Ika Nur Rohmah, A., Bariyah, K. and support questions on the MOS Social Keperawatan, J. (2012) ‘KUALITAS Support Survey Instrument regarding HIDUP LANJUT USIA Quality of Life affection, attention, and prohibition on Elderly’, 120 Juli, pp. 120–132. smoking from the family has to be 6. Kemenkes RI (2017) ‘Analisis Lansia di clarified and deepened to obtain more Indonesia’, Pusat data dan informasi accurate data and further examine the Kementerian Kesehatan RI, pp. 1–2. factors in providing social support to the 7. Potter & Perry (2005) Fundamental elderly. Keperawatan. Vol 1. Jakarta: EGC. 8. Setyoadi, Noerhamdani, E. F. (2010) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Perbedaan Tingkat Kualitas Hidup pada This work would not have been Lansia di Komunita dan Panti. possible without guidance from doctor dr. 9. United Nations (2015) ‘Poblacion De Mitra Andini Sigilipoe, MPH, dr. The Estados Unidos’, World Population Maria Meiwati Widagdo, Ph.D , dr. Prospect: The 2015 Revision,World Silvester Haripurnomo, MPH. Ph.D. Population 2015 Wallchart. Furthermore, the author would like to ST/ESA/SER.A/378, p. 2. doi: thank the author's friends who motivated ST/ESA/SER.A/378. the author and helped the author collect 10. Winahyu, K. M., Wahyuniati, S. and data despite their busy schedules. The Sekarsari, R. (2017) ‘Hubungan antara author is also grateful for the support Persepsi Dukungan Sosial dan Kualitas provided by the author's family members Hidup Lansia dengan Hipertensi di Kota Tangerang’, Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Indonesia, 1(1), pp. 25–34 REFERENCES 1. Ariyanthi, N. (2016) Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Dengan Kebermaknaan Hidup Pada Lansia Di Panti Wreda. 2. Azwan, Herlina, D. K. (2015) ‘Hubungan Dukungan Sosial Teman
