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Elastic Constants - Problems

Strength of materials

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HARNITH EVILL
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17 views3 pages

Elastic Constants - Problems

Strength of materials

Uploaded by

HARNITH EVILL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELASTIC CONSTANTS

1. A bar of rectangular section of dimensions L, b, d is subjected to stresses σx, σy, σz in x, y


and z directions respectively. Show that if sum of these stresses is zero, there is no change
in volume of the bar.
Solutions: Strain in each direction:
σx μ σy μ σz
εx = - -
E E E
σy μ σx μ σz
εy = - -
E E E
σz μ σx μ σx
εz = - -
E E E
∆V
Volumetric strain = εv = = εx + εy + εz
V
σx μ σy μ σz σy μ σx μ σz σz μ σx μ σx
εv = - - + - - + - -
E E E E E E E E E
1
εv = E [ σx (1-2µ) + σy (1-2µ) + σZ (1-2µ)]
σx + σy + σz
εv = [ (1 − 2µ)]
E

if σx + σy + σz =0
∆V
Volumetric strain = εv = =0
V

ΔV =0

∴ there is no change in volumetric change if sum of the stresses is zero

2. Show that Poisson’s ratio (µ) cannot be more than 0.5


∆V σx + σy + σz
Solution: Volumetric strain = εv = = εx + εy + εz = [ (1 − 2µ)]
V E

In extreme condition of loading, change in volume is very small and can be neglected.
∆V
Therefore, εv = =0
V
σx + σy + σz
εv = [ (1 − 2µ)] = 0
E

[1 - 2µ] = 0
1 = 2µ
1
µ = 2 = 0.5

∴ No material is known to have a higher value of 0.5 of Poisson’s ratio, although material like
rubber approaches this value.

VINAY M L GOWDA, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, B.M.S. College of Engineering
ELASTIC CONSTANTS
3. A metallic bar 250 mm x 100 mm x 50 mm is loaded as shown in figure below. Find the
change in volume. Take E = 200 kN/mm2 and Poisson’s ratio = 0.25. Also find the change
that should be in the 4000 kN load, in order that there should be no change in the volume
of the bar.
Solution: Stress in each direction
400 x 103
σx = = 80 N/mm2 (Tension)
100 x 50

2000 x 103
σy = = 160 N/mm2 (Tension)
250 x 50

4000 x 103
σz = = 160 N/mm2 (Compression)
250 x 100

Assume tension as positive and compression as negative.


σx μ σy μ σz 1
εx = - - [− ] = 200 x 103 [80 − (0.25 x 160) + (0.25 x 160)] = 4 x 10—4
E E E
σy μ σx μ σz 1
εy = - - [− ] = 200 x 103 [160 − (0.25 x 80) + (0.25 x 160)] = 9 x 10—4
E E E
σz μ σx μ σx 1
εz = - - - = - 200 x 103 [160 + (0.25 x 160) + (0.25 x 160)] = - 1.1 x 10—3
E E E
∆V
Volumetric strain = εv = = εx + εy + εz = (4 x 10−4) + (9 x 10−4 ) (1.1 x 10−3) = 2 x 10−4
V

Change in Volume = ΔV = 2 x 10−4 x V = 2 x 10−4 x 250 x 100 x 50 = 250 mm3


Change in volume due to change in 4000 kN
P x 103
Let P be the load replacing 4000 kN; σz = 250 x 100 = 0.04P N/mm2 (Compression)
σx μ σy μ σz 1
εx = - - [− ] = 200 x 103 [80 − (0.25 x 160) + (0.25 x 0.04P)]
E E E

= (2 x 10-4) + (5 x 10-8 P)
σy μ σx μ σz 1
εy = - - [− ] = 200 x 103 [160 − (0.25 x 80) + (0.25 x 0.04P)]
E E E

= (7 x 10-4) + (5 x 10-8 P)
σz μ σx μ σx 1
εz = - - - = - 200 x 103 [0.04P + (0.25 x 160) + (0.25 x 160)]
E E E

= - (3 x 10-4) - (2 x 10-7 P)
∆V
Volumetric strain = εv = = εx + εy + εz = 0
V

εx + εy + εz = (2 x 10-4) + (5 x 10-8 P) + (7 x 10-4) + (5 x 10-8 P) - (3 x 10-4) - (2 x 10-7 P) = 0


P = 6000 kN
P should be increased from its present value of 4000 kN to a new value of 6000 kN so that the
Volumetric strain is zero.

VINAY M L GOWDA, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, B.M.S. College of Engineering
ELASTIC CONSTANTS
4. A 400 mm long bar has rectangular cross-section 10 mm × 30 mm. This bar is subjected
to (i) 15 kN tensile force on 10 mm × 30 mm faces
(ii) 80 kN compressive force on 10 mm × 400 mm faces, and
(iii) 180 kN tensile force on 30 mm × 400 mm faces.
Find the change in volume if E = 2 × 105 N/mm2 and µ = 0.3.
Solution:

Stress in each direction


15 x 103
σx = = 50 N/mm2 (Tension)
10 x 30

80 x 103
σy = 400 x 10 = 20 N/mm2 (Compression)

180 x 103
σz = = 15 N/mm2 (Compression)
30 x 400

Assume tension as positive and compression as negative.


σx μ σy μ σz 1
εx = [− ] - = 2 x 105 [50 + (0.3 x 20) − (0.3 x 15)] = 2.58 x 10-4
E E E
σy μ σz μ σx 1
εy = - - - =- [20 + (0.3 x 15) − (0.3 x 50)] = - 1.98 x 10-4
E E E 2 x 105

σz μ σx μ σy 1
εz = - - [− ] = [15 − (0.3 x 50) + (0.3 x 20)] = 3 x 10-5
E E E 2 x 105
∆V
Volumetric strain = εv = = εx + εy + εz = (2.58 x 10-4) – (1.98 x 10-4) + (3 x 10-5) = 9 x 10-5
V

Change in Volume = ΔV = (9 x 10-5) x 10 x 30 x 400 = 10.8 mm3

VINAY M L GOWDA, Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department, B.M.S. College of Engineering

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