Scribd
Upload
36 views3 pages

Linear Algebra

Uploaded by

dennisappiah2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
36 views3 pages

Linear Algebra

Uploaded by

dennisappiah2001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

MATH 351 21/22

Problem Set I - Vector Spaces, Subspaces and Spanning Sets


KD/RT
  
x
1. Define V = : x, y ≥ 0 . Decide if V is a vector space or not and prove
y
your claim. (Hint: V is the first quadrant in the xy-plane).
  
x
2. Define W = : xy ≥ 0 . Decide if V is a vector space or notand prove
y
your claim. (Hint: V is the union of the first and third quadrants in the xy-
plane).
3. Write down the zero vector for each of the following vector spaces:
(a) The space of polynomials of degree 3, with the natural operations of vector
addition and scalar multiplication.
(b) The space of 2 × 4 matrices with real entries
(c) The space {f : [0, 1] → R | f is continuous }.
(d) The space of real-valued functions of one variable.
4. Let S be the set of all sequences of real numbers: S = {(x) = (x1 , x2 , . . . )|xi ∈
R}
(a) Show that S is a vector space.
(b) Consider the subset T of S to be the set of real sequences that are “even-
tually zero”: T = {(x) ∈ S| ∃n ∈ N such that xi = 0 ∀i ≥ n}. Decide if T
is a subspace of S and prove your claim.
  

 x 

y
  
4
5. Consider the set V =    ∈ R | x + y − z + w = 0 . Show that V is a

 z  

w
 
vector space.
6. Consider the differential equation ẍ + ω 2 x = 0.
(a) Show that the functions x1 (t) = sin ωt and x2 (t) = cos ωt are solutions to
the differential equation.

1
(b) Show that every linear combination x(t) = c1 x1 (t) + c2 x2 (t), where c1 and
c2 are constants, is a solution to the differential equation.
(c) Conclude that the set of solutions to the differential equation is a vector
space.
7. Let V = {x ∈ R | x > 0}. Define “addition” ⊕ and “scalar multiplication” ⊗
on V as follows: for x, y ∈ V and r ∈ R, x ⊕ y = xy and r ⊗ x = xr . Determine
if V is a vector space with these two operations.
8. Let P3 (R) be the vector space of polynomials of degree at most 3.
(a) Determine if the polynomial f (x) = x − x3 is in the span of the set
S = {x2 , 2x + x2 , x + x3 }. Is span(S) = P3 (R)?
(b) Determine if the polynomial g(x) = 1 − 2x + x2 is in the span of the set
T = {1 + x2 , x2 − x, 3 − 2x}. Is span(T ) = P3 (R)?
9. Determine which of the following is a vector space. Justify your conclusion:
  
 x 
(a) V1 =  y  ∈ R3 | x + y + z = 1
z
 
  
a 1
(b) V2 = | a, b, c ∈ R .
b c
10. Consider the set {sin2 x, cos2 x} in the vector space of differentiable real-valued
functions. Determine which of the following functions are in the span of the
above set: f (x) = 1, g(x) = 3 + x2 , h(x) = sin x and k(x) = cos 2x.
     
1  2 1 
11. Determine if the vector  0  is in the span of the set  1  , −1
  .
3 −1 1
 

12. Let V be the vector space of 2 × 2 matrices with real entries. Determine which
of the following subsets of V are subspaces:
  
[a 0
(a) S1 = |a, b ∈ R
0 b
  
[a 0
(b) S2 = |a + b = 3
0 b

2
  
[a b
(c) S3 = |a + b = c
0 c
13. Consider the vector space V of real-valued functions of a single variable. De-
termine if the following sets are subspaces of V :
(a) He , the set of even functions in V
(b) Ho , the set of odd functions in V . (You’ll have to look up the definitions
of odd and even functions from a Calculus textbook.)
14. Decide which of the following sets are linearly independent. If the set is linearly
dependent, write down a linearly independent subset of the set:
   
 0 1 
(a)  0  ,  0 
−1 4
 
      
 1 2 3 
(b)  7  ,  7  ,  7 
7 7 7
 
       
 9 2 3 12 
(c)  9  ,  0  ,  5  ,  12 
0 1 −4 −1
 

15. Let V be the vector space P3 (R). Determine if the following subsets are linearly
independent. If the set is linearly dependent, write down a linearly independent
subset.
(a) {3 − x + 9x2 , 5 − 6x + 3x2 , 1 + x − 5x2 }
(b) {8 + 3x + 3x2 , x + 2x2 , 2 + 2x + 2x2 , 8 − 2x + 5x2 }
16. Show that if the set {u, v, w} of a vector space V is linearly independent, so is
the set {u, u + v, u + v + w}.

You might also like