Lecture#19 & 20

Solution of Algebraic & Transcendental Equations

Algebraic Equation: The equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 is called algebraic if 𝑓(𝑥) is a polynomial of 𝑥.

Example: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0.

Standard form: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎0 𝑥 𝑛 + 𝑎1 𝑥 𝑛−1 +𝑎2 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ … … … … … … … . . +𝑎𝑛

Where 𝑎 = 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = +𝑣𝑒 integer.

Transcendental Equation: The equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 is called transcendental if 𝑓(𝑥) contains

logarithmic, exponential and trigonometric functions.

Ex: 1 + cos 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑒 𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 0

Solution of Equation: The solutions of 𝑓(𝑥) are those values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) is zero.
Geometrically if the graph of 𝑓(𝑥) crosses the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 at a point 𝑥 = 𝑎, then 𝑥 = 𝑎 is root
of 𝑓(𝑥) = 0. if 𝑓(𝑎) = 0. So finding the solution of an equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0. We mean to find
the roots of 𝑓(𝑥).

Ex: 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥

∴ 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1

There are many methods for the solution of equation of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 0. They are,

i) Bisection Method

ii) Newton-Raphson Method

iii) False position Method

iv) Iterative Method

Bisection Method: We know that if a function 𝑓(𝑥) is continuous between 𝑎 and b and if 𝑓(𝑎)
and 𝑓(𝑏) are of opposite signs. Then there exists at least one root between 𝑎 and b. Let 𝑓(𝑎)

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 Lecture#19 & 20

be negative and 𝑓(𝑏) be positive. Also let the approximate value of the root is given by 𝑥0 =
𝑎+𝑏
. If 𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 0,then it ensures that 𝑥0 is a root of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.If 𝑓(𝑥0 ) ≠ 0.Then
2
the root either lies between 𝑥0 and b or between 𝑥0 and 𝑎 depending on whether 𝑓(𝑥0 ) is
negative or positive. Then again we bisect the new interval and repeat the process until the root
is obtained to the desired accuracy.

Let the function 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) represent the curve PQRSTL, cuts the x-axis at R. So the abscissa
of the point R, that is OR is a root of 𝑓(𝑥)=0.

Here x-Coordinates of P and L are a and b respectively .According to graph f(a).f(b) < 0.
𝑎+𝑏
First approximation 𝑥0 = (x-coordinate of T)
2

Again𝑥0 lies between a and b ,and f(a).f(𝑥0 )<0

𝑎+𝑥0
So, the second approximation 𝑥1 = 2
(x-coordinate of S)

Again 𝑥1 lies between a and 𝑥0 ,and f(a).f(𝑥1 )<0

𝑎+𝑥1
Third approximation 𝑥2 = (x-coordinate of Q)
2

Hence successive approximation 𝑥0 , 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , ………. Will approach the point R as a limit,

that is converge to the desired root.

Example: Using Bisection Method to find a real root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0.

Correct to 3 decimal places.
Solution:

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5

Here, 𝑓(2) = 23 − 2 × 2 − 5 = −1

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 Lecture#19 & 20

And 𝑓(3) = 33 − 2 × 3 − 5 = 16
2+3
So the root lies between 2 and 3 and we take 𝑥0 = = 2.5
2

Here 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(2.5) = 5.6250 this is positive. So the root lies between 2 and 2.5 and we get
2 + 2.5
x1 = = 2.25
2
Here 𝑓(𝑥1 ) = 𝑓(2.25) = 1.890625.

Proceeding in this way, the following table is obtained

𝑛 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
1 2 3 2.5 5.6250
2 2 2.5 2.25 1.890625
3 2 2.25 2.125 0.3457
4 2 2.125 2.0625 -0.3513
5 2.0625 2.125 2.09375 -0.0089
6 2.09375 2.125 2.10938 0.1668
7 2.09375 2.10938 2.10156 0.07856
8 2.09375 2.10156 2.09766 0.03471
9 2.09375 2.09766 2.09570 0.01286
10 2.09375 2.09570 2.09473 0.00135
11 2.09375 2.09473 2.09473 0.0035

So the required root is 2.095 which is correct to 3 decimal places.

Example: Using bisection method find a positive root of the equation 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 = 1 Correct to 3
decimal Places.

Solution: Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 − 1.

Here 𝑓(0) = −1 and 𝑓(1) = 1.718.

So the root lies between 0 and 1 we have

0+1
𝑥0 = = 0.5
2
and 𝑓(𝑥0 ) = 𝑓(0.5) = −0.1756

Preceding in this way the following table is bellowed:

𝑛 𝑎 𝑏 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
1 0 1 0.5 −𝑣𝑒
2 0.5 1 0.75 +𝑣𝑒
3 0.5 0.75 0.625 +𝑣𝑒

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 Lecture#19 & 20

4 0.5 0.625 0.5623 +𝑣𝑒

5 0.5625 0.625 0.59375 +𝑣𝑒
6 0.5625 0.59375 0.5781 +𝑣𝑒
7 0.5625 0.59375 0.5703 +𝑣𝑒
8 0.5625 0.5781 0.5664 +𝑣𝑒
9 0.5664 0.5703 0.5684 +𝑣𝑒
10 0.5664 0.5703 0.5674 +𝑣𝑒
11 0.5664 0.5674 0.5669 −𝑣𝑒
12 0.5669 0.5674 0.5671 −𝑣𝑒

So the required root is 0.567 which correct to 3 decimal places.

Problem (Home works): Use Bisection method find a real root of the following equations

i) 𝑥 4 + 𝑥 2 − 80 = 0

ii) 𝑥 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 2 = 0

iii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 1 − 𝑥 2

iv) 𝑥 3 − 2 𝑥 2 − 4 = 0

v) 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 1

vi) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0

vii) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0

viii) 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 1 = 0

ix) 𝑙𝑛𝑥 – 𝑥 + 3 = 0

x) 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 = 1

xi) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 1

xii) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0

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 Lecture#19 & 20

Newton-Raphson Method:
Derive Newton’s interactive Method to find an approximate root of an equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0.
Sol: Let 𝑥0 be an approximate roots of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 and let 𝑥1 = 𝑥0 + ℎ be the
correct root of 𝑓(𝑥) = 0. So that 𝑓(𝑥0 + ℎ) = 0.

Expanding 𝑓(𝑥0 + ℎ) by Taylor’s series we get

ℎ2 ′′
𝑓(𝑥0 + ℎ) = 𝑓(𝑥0 ) + ℎ𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) + 𝑓 (𝑥0 ) + ⋯ … … … = 0
2!
Neglecting the second and higher order derivatives .we get

𝑓(𝑥0 ) + ℎ𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = 0

⇒ ℎ𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 ) = −𝑓(𝑥0 )

𝑓(𝑥0 )
⇒ℎ=−
𝑓 ′ (𝑥0 )
The improved value of the root is

𝑥1 = 𝑥0 + ℎ
𝑓(𝑥 )
=> 𝑥1 = 𝑥0 − 𝑓′ (𝑥0 )
0

Successive approximations are given by 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ,……….,𝑥𝑛+1

𝑓(𝑥 )
Where 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 − 𝑓′ (𝑥𝑛 )
𝑛

This is Newton-Raphson Method / formula.

Geometrically, the method consists in replacing the part of the curve between the point
[ 𝑥0 , 𝑓(𝑥0 )] and x-axis by means of the tangent to the curve at the point and is described

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

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 Lecture#19 & 20

graphically in the above figure. This method can be used for solving both algebraic and
transcendental equations and it can also be used when the roots are complex.

Example: Use Newton-Raphson method to find a root the equation 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0

Solution: Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 3𝑥 2 − 2

Here 𝑓(2) = −1 and 𝑓(3) = 16

So the root lies between 2 and 3.

We take 𝑥0 = 2 and obtain successive approximations using the formula

𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑛 )
𝑥𝑛3 − 2𝑥𝑛 − 5
⇒ 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
3𝑥𝑛2 − 2

𝑛 𝑥𝑛 𝑓(𝑥𝑛 ) 𝑥𝑛+1
0 2 -1 2.10
1 2.10 0.061 2.09456
2 2.09456 0.00095 2.09455
So the required root is 2.0945.

Example: Use Newton-Raphson method to find a root the equation 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 0.

Solution:

Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

= 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

Here we have the formula,

𝑓(𝑥𝑛 )
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑛 )

𝑥𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑛
= 𝑥𝑛 −
𝑥𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑛

Take 𝑥0 = 𝜋

So, 𝑥0 = 3.1416 and the successive approximation are given below,

n 𝑥𝑛 f(𝑥𝑛 ) 𝑥𝑛+1
0 3.1416 -1.0 2.8233
1 2.8233 -0.0660 2.7986

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 Lecture#19 & 20

2 2.7986 -0.0006 2.7984

3 2.7984 0.0 2.7984
So the required root is 2.7984.

Problem(Home works): Use Newton’s Raphson method find a real root of the following
equations

i) 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 80 = 0

ii) 𝑥 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 2 = 0

iii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 1

iv) 𝑥 3 − 2 𝑥 2 − 4 = 0

v) 𝑒 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 0

vi) 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0

vii) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0

viii) 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 1 = 0

ix) 𝑙𝑛𝑥 – 𝑥 + 3 = 0

x) 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 = 1

Iterative method:

In this method for finding the root of the equation 𝑓(𝑥) = 0 it expressed in the formula 𝑥 =
𝜑(𝑥).

Let 𝑥0 be an initial approximations to the solution of 𝑥 = 𝜑(𝑥). Substituting 𝑥0 in 𝜑(𝑥) the

root approximation 𝑥1 is given by 𝑥1 = 𝜑(𝑥0 ).

The successive approximation are given 𝑥2 = 𝜑(𝑥1 )

…………………………
𝑥3 = 𝜑(𝑥2 )
…………………………
…………………………
𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝜑(𝑥𝑛 ).

This method is converges conditionally and the condition is that |𝜑′(𝑥)| < 1 in the
neighborhood of the real root 𝑥 = 𝑎.

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 Lecture#19 & 20

Example: Find the real root of the equation 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 1 = 0 on the interval [𝑜, 1] with an
accuracy of 10−4 .
𝑥3 + 𝑥2 − 1 = 0
Solution: Given 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 1 = 0
⇒ 𝑥3 + 𝑥2 = 1
Rewrite the equation we get, 𝑥 =
1
. ⇒ 𝑥 2 (𝑥 + 1) = 1
√𝑥+1 1
⇒ 𝑥2 =
1 1 1 𝑥+1
Then 𝜑(𝑥) = and 𝜑 ′(𝑥) = − 2 3 . 1
√𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)2 ∴𝑥=
√𝑥 + 1
1 1
Here|𝜑 ′ (𝑥)| = |− 2 3 | < 1.
(𝑥+1)2

Taking 𝑥0 = .75 we get the following table

𝑛 𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝜑(𝑥𝑛 )
0 0.75 0.7559289
1 0.7559289 0.7546517
2 0.7546517 0.7549263

Here |𝑥𝑛+1 − 𝑥𝑛 | = |0.7549263 − 0.75496517| = 0.0002746

This is less than 0.0004.So the required root is 0.7549.

Example: Find the real roots of the equations 2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3 correct to three deceimal
places by using Iterative method.

Solution: Given that, 2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 3

The above equation can be written as

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +3
𝑥= 2

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 Lecture#19 & 20

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 +3
Here, 𝜑(𝑥) =
2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
So that, 𝜑 ′(𝑥) = − 2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
Here, |𝜑 ′ (𝑥)| = |− | < 1.
2

𝜋
So the Iterative method is applicable and we take 𝑥0 = = 1.5
2

The successive Iterative are,

𝑛 𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝜑(𝑥𝑛 )
0 𝜋 1.5
2
1 1.5 1.53536
2 1.53536 1.51771
3 1.51771 1.52653
4 1.52653 1.52212
5 1.52212 1.52432
6 1.52432 1.523229
7 1.523229 1.523774
So the required root is 1.523 .

Example: Use Iterative method to find a real root of the equation 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 1

Solution: Given that,

𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 1
⇒ 𝑥 2 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 1
∴ 𝑥 = √𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 1

Let 𝜑(𝑥) = √𝑆𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 1

Let 𝑥0 = 𝜋 then we get the following table

n 𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝜑(𝑥𝑛 )
0 𝜋 1.00
1 1.00 1.306932824
2 1.306932824 1.38895574
3 1.38895574 1.402730064
4 1.402730064 1.404285826
5 1.404285826 1.404467709
So the required root is 1.404 correct to 3 decimal places.

Example: Use Iterative method to find a real root of the equation 𝑥 3 = 5 − 𝑥.

Solution: Given that, 𝑥 3 = 5 − 𝑥

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 Lecture#19 & 20

1
So, 𝑥 = (5 − 𝑥)3
1
Let (𝑥) = (5 − 𝑥)3 , Again let 𝑥0 = 5 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒

𝑛 𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑛+1 = 𝜑(𝑥𝑛 )
0 5 0
1 0 1.709975947
2 1.709975947 1.487303812
3 1.487303812 1.520128133
4 1.520128133 1.515378371
5 1.515378371 1.516067517
6 1.516067517 1.51967567
7 1.51967567 1.515982064
So the required root is 1.5159 .

Problem: Use Newton’s Iterative method find a real root of the following equations

(Home works)

i) 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 80 = 0

ii) 𝑥 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 2 = 0

iii) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 1

iv) 𝑥 3 − 2 𝑥 2 − 4 = 0

v) 3𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 1 = 0

vi) 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0

vii) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 = 0

viii) 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 1 = 0

ix) 𝑙𝑛𝑥 – 𝑥 + 3 = 0

x) 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 = 3

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Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
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 Lecture#19 & 20

False Position Method:

This is the oldest method for finding the real root of an equation. It is closely similar to the
bisection method. In this method we choose two points 𝑥0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥1 such that 𝑓(𝑥0 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑥1 )
are opposite sign since the graph of 𝑦 ′ = 𝑓(𝑥) crosses the 𝑥-axis between those two points, a
point must lies between these points. We know that the equation of the chord joining the two
points [𝑥0 , 𝑓(𝑥0 )] is
𝑥−𝑥0 𝑦−𝑓(𝑥0 )
= 𝑓(𝑥 … … … … … … (𝑖)
𝑥0 −𝑥1 0 )−𝑓(𝑥1 )

Here we take the point of intersection of the chord with the 𝑥-axis as an approximating of the
chord with the 𝑥 -axis as an approximation to the root. In the present case the point of
intersection is given by putting 𝑦 = 0 in (1). Thus we get
𝑥−𝑥0 0−𝑓(𝑥0 )
= 𝑓(𝑥
𝑥0 −𝑥1 0 )−𝑓(𝑥1 )
(𝑥 −𝑥 )
⇒ 𝑥 − 𝑥0 = −𝑓(𝑥0 )×𝑓(𝑥 1)−𝑓(𝑥
0
1 0)
(𝑥1 −𝑥0 )
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝑥0 − 𝑓(𝑥0 )×𝑓(𝑥
1 )−𝑓(𝑥0 )

Hence the first approximation to the root of the equation is given by,
𝑓(𝑥0 )
𝑥2 = 𝑥0 − 𝑓(𝑥 (𝑥1 − 𝑥0 )…………………………….(ii)
1 )−𝑓(𝑥0 )

Now if 𝑓(𝑥2 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(𝑥0 ) are of apposite signs the root lies between 𝑥0 and 𝑥2 replace
𝑥1 𝑏𝑦 𝑥2 in (ii) and obtain the next approximation. Otherwise replace 𝑥0 𝑏𝑦 𝑥2 and obtain the
next approximations.This process is repeated till the root is obtained to the desired accuracy.
The following figure gives representation of the method.

Example: Use false method find a real root of the equation 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5 = 0 correct to two
decimal places.

Solution:

Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 − 5

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 Lecture#19 & 20

Here 𝑓(2) = −1 and 𝑓(3) = 16

So the real root lies between 2 and 3.

𝑓(𝑥0 )
We know that, 𝑥2 = 𝑥0 − 𝑓(𝑥 (𝑥1 − 𝑥0 )……………………..(i)
1 )−𝑓(𝑥0 )

−1 1
So we get 𝑥2 = 2 − 16−(−1) (3 − 2) = 2 + 17 = 2.059

Now 𝑓(𝑥2 ) = 𝑓(2.059) = (2.059)3 − 2 × 2.059 − 5 = −0.389

So the root lies between 2.059 and 3

𝑓(𝑥2 )
Again 𝑥3 = 𝑥2 − 𝑓(𝑥 (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )
1 )−𝑓(𝑥2 )
−0.389
= 2.059— (3 − 2.059)
16— 0.389
= 2.0813

∴ 𝑓(𝑥3 ) = 𝑓(2.0813) = −0.417

So the root lies between 2.0813 and 3.

𝑓(𝑥1 )
Again 𝑥4 = 𝑥3 − 𝑓(𝑥 (𝑥1 − 𝑥3 )
1 )−𝑓(𝑥3 )
= 2.0813— 0.14716 − (−0.147)(3 − 2.0813)

= 2.0897

Here 𝑓(𝑥4 ) = 𝑓(2.0897) = −0.054

So the root lies between 2.0897 and 3

𝑓( 𝑥4 )
∴ 𝑥5 = 𝑥4 − ( 𝑥 − 𝑥4 )
𝑓( 𝑥1 ) − 𝑓( 𝑥4 ) 1
−0.054
= 2.0897— (3 − 2.0897)
16— 0.054
= 2.0928

Similarly 𝑓( 𝑥5 ) = 𝑓(2.0928) = 0.0195

So the root lies between 2.0928 and

𝑓( 𝑥5 )
𝑥6 = 𝑥5 − ( 𝑥 − 𝑥5 )
𝑓( 𝑥1 ) − 𝑓( 𝑥5 ) 1
−0.0195
= 2.0928— (3 − 2.0928)
16— 0.0195
= 2.0969

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University Page | 12
 Lecture#19 & 20

So the required root is 2.09 correct to two decimal places.

Example: Solve a positive root of 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 1 = 0 by using false position method correct

to three decimal places.

Solution:

Given that, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 + 1

𝐻𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑓(1) = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓(0) = 1

So the root lies between 0 and 1.

𝑓(𝑥0 )
We know that, 𝑥2 = 𝑥0 − 𝑓(𝑥 (𝑥1 − 𝑥0 )……………………..(i)
1 )−𝑓(𝑥0 )

−2
So we get, 𝑥2 = 1 − 1−(−2) (0 − 1)

1
=
3

= 0.333333

Here 𝑓(𝑥2 ) = 𝑓(0.333333) = −0.2963 < 0

So the root lies between 0 and 0.333333

𝑓(𝑥2 )
𝑥3 = 𝑥2 − 𝑓(𝑥 (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 ) ……………………….(ii)
1 )−𝑓(𝑥2 )

−0.2963
= 0.333333 − 1+0.2963 (0 − 0.333333) = 0.25714

Here 𝑓(𝑥3 ) = 𝑓(0.25714) = −0.011558 < 0

So the root lies between 0 and 0.25714

𝑓(𝑥3 )
𝑥4 = 𝑥3 − 𝑓(𝑥 (𝑥1 − 𝑥3 ) ……………………….(iii)
1 )−𝑓(𝑥3 )

−0.011558
𝑥4 = 0.25714 − 1+0.011558 (0 − 0.25714)

= 0.25420

Here 𝑓(𝑥4 ) = 𝑓(0.25420) = −0.0003742 < 0

So the root lies between 0 and 0.25420

𝑓(𝑥4 )
𝑥5 = 𝑥4 − 𝑓(𝑥 (𝑥1 − 𝑥4 ) ……………………….(iv)
1 )−𝑓(𝑥4 )

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University Page | 13
 Lecture#19 & 20

−0.0003742
𝑥4 = 0.25420 − (0 − 0.25420)
1+0.0003742

= 0.25410

So the required root is 0.254 correct to three decimal places.

Problem: Use false position method find a real root of the following equations

𝑖) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 2 = 0

𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 3 − 2 𝑥 2 − 4 = 0

𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑥 2 + 𝑙𝑛𝑥 − 2 = 0

iv) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 1 − 𝑥 2

v) 2𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + 2

vi) 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 + 3 = 0

vii) 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 = 0

viii) 𝑥 3 − 9𝑥 + 1 = 0

ix) 𝑙𝑛𝑥 – 𝑥 + 3 = 0

x) 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 = 3

Md. Belal Hossen Numerical Analysis & Coordinate Geometry-(MATH 462)

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE
Uttara University Page | 14