File I

Implementation
1 l3backend-basics implementation
1 ⟨∗package⟩
Whilst there is a reasonable amount of code overlap between backends, it is much
clearer to have the blocks more-or-less separated than run in together and DocStripped
out in parts. As such, most of the following is set up on a per-backend basis, though
there is some common code (again given in blocks not interspersed with other material).
All the file identifiers are up-front so that they come out in the right place in the
files.
2 \ProvidesExplFile
3 ⟨∗dvipdfmx⟩
4 {l3backend-dvipdfmx.def}{2023-10-10}{}
5 {L3 backend support: dvipdfmx}
6 ⟨/dvipdfmx⟩
7 ⟨∗dvips⟩
8 {l3backend-dvips.def}{2023-10-10}{}
9 {L3 backend support: dvips}
10 ⟨/dvips⟩
11 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩
12 {l3backend-dvisvgm.def}{2023-10-10}{}
13 {L3 backend support: dvisvgm}
14 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
15 ⟨∗luatex⟩
16 {l3backend-luatex.def}{2023-10-10}{}
17 {L3 backend support: PDF output (LuaTeX)}
18 ⟨/luatex⟩
19 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
20 {l3backend-pdftex.def}{2023-10-10}{}
21 {L3 backend support: PDF output (pdfTeX)}
22 ⟨/pdftex⟩
23 ⟨∗xetex⟩
24 {l3backend-xetex.def}{2023-10-10}{}
25 {L3 backend support: XeTeX}
26 ⟨/xetex⟩
Check if the loaded kernel is at least enough to load this file. The kernel date has
to be at least equal to \ExplBackendFileDate or later. If \__kernel_dependency_-
version_check:Nn doesn’t exist we’re loading in an older kernel, so it’s an error anyway.
With time, this test should vanish and only the dependency check should remain.
27 \cs_if_exist:NTF \__kernel_dependency_version_check:nn
28 {
29 \__kernel_dependency_version_check:nn {2021-02-18}
30 ⟨dvipdfmx⟩ {l3backend-dvipdfmx.def}
31 ⟨dvips⟩ {l3backend-dvips.def}
32 ⟨dvisvgm⟩ {l3backend-dvisvgm.def}
33 ⟨luatex⟩ {l3backend-luatex.def}
34 ⟨pdftex⟩ {l3backend-pdftex.def}
35 ⟨xetex⟩ {l3backend-xetex.def}

1
 36 }
37 {
38 \cs_if_exist_use:cF { @latex@error } { \errmessage }
39 {
40 Mismatched~LaTeX~support~files~detected. \MessageBreak
41 Loading~aborted!
42 }
43 { \use:c { @ehd } }
44 \tex_endinput:D
45 }
The order of the backend code here is such that we get somewhat logical outcomes
in terms of code sharing whilst keeping things readable. (Trying to mix all of the code
by concept is almost unmanageable.) The key parts which are shared are
• Color support is either dvips-like or LuaTEX/pdfTeX-like.
• LuaTEX/pdfTeX and dvipdfmx/XETEX share drawing routines.
• XETEX is the same as dvipdfmx other than image size extraction so takes most of
the same code.

\__kernel_backend_literal:e The one shared function for all backends is access to the basic \special primitive: it
\__kernel_backend_literal:n has slightly odd expansion behaviour so a wrapper is provided.
46 \cs_new_eq:NN \__kernel_backend_literal:e \tex_special:D
47 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_literal:n #1
48 { \__kernel_backend_literal:e { \exp_not:n {#1} } }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_literal:e.)

\__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n We need to write at first shipout in a few places. As we want to use the most up-to-date
method,
49 \cs_if_exist:NTF \@ifl@t@r
50 {
51 \@ifl@t@r \fmtversion { 2020-10-01 }
52 {
53 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n #1
54 { \hook_gput_code:nnn { shipout / firstpage } { l3backend } {#1} }
55 }
56 { \cs_new_eq:NN \__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n \AtBeginDvi }
57 }
58 { \cs_new_eq:NN \__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n \use:n }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n.)

1.1 dvips backend

59 ⟨∗dvips⟩
\__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n Literal PostScript can be included using a few low-level formats. Here, we use the form
\__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:e with no positioning: this is overall more convenient as a wrapper. Note that this does
require that where position is important, an appropriate wrapper is included.
60 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n #1
61 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { ps:: #1 } }
62 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n { e }

2
 (End of definition for \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n.)

\__kernel_backend_postscript:n PostScript data that does have positioning, and also applying a shift to SDict (which is
\__kernel_backend_postscript:e not done automatically by ps: or ps::, in contrast to ! or ").
63 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_postscript:n #1
64 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { ps: SDict ~ begin ~ #1 ~ end } }
65 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { e }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_postscript:n.)

PostScript for the header: a small saving but makes the code clearer. This is held
until the start of shipout such that a document with no actual output does not write
anything.
66 \bool_if:NT \g__kernel_backend_header_bool
67 {
68 \__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n
69 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { header = l3backend-dvips.pro } }
70 }

\__kernel_backend_align_begin: In dvips there is no built-in saving of the current position, and so some additional Post-
\__kernel_backend_align_end: Script is required to set up the transformation matrix and also to restore it afterwards.
Notice the use of the stack to save the current position “up front” and to move back to
it at the end of the process. Notice that the [begin]/[end] pair here mean that we can
use a run of PostScript statements in separate lines: not required but does make the code
and output more clear.
71 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_align_begin:
72 {
73 \__kernel_backend_literal:n { ps::[begin] }
74 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n { currentpoint }
75 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n { currentpoint~translate }
76 }
77 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_align_end:
78 {
79 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n { neg~exch~neg~exch~translate }
80 \__kernel_backend_literal:n { ps::[end] }
81 }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_align_begin: and \__kernel_backend_align_end:.)

\__kernel_backend_scope_begin: Saving/restoring scope for general operations needs to be done with dvips positioning
\__kernel_backend_scope_end: (try without to see this!). Thus we need the ps: version of the special here. As only the
graphics state is ever altered within this pairing, we use the lower-cost g-versions.
82 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
83 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { ps:gsave } }
84 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
85 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { ps:grestore } }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_scope_begin: and \__kernel_backend_scope_end:.)

86 ⟨/dvips⟩

3
 1.2 LuaTEX and pdfTEX backends
87 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
Both LuaTEX and pdfTEX write PDFs directly rather than via an intermediate file.
Although there are similarities, the move of LuaTEX to have more code in Lua means we
create two independent files using shared DocStrip code.
\__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n This is equivalent to \special{pdf:} but the engine can track it. Without the direct
\__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:e keyword everything is kept in sync: the transformation matrix is set to the current point
automatically. Note that this is still inside the text (BT . . . ET block).
88 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n #1
89 {
90 ⟨∗luatex⟩
91 \tex_pdfextension:D literal
92 ⟨/luatex⟩
93 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
94 \tex_pdfliteral:D
95 ⟨/pdftex⟩
96 { \exp_not:n {#1} }
97 }
98 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n { e }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n.)

\__kernel_backend_literal_page:n Page literals are pretty simple. To avoid an expansion, we write out by hand.
\__kernel_backend_literal_page:e 99 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n #1
100 {
101 ⟨∗luatex⟩
102 \tex_pdfextension:D literal ~
103 ⟨/luatex⟩
104 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
105 \tex_pdfliteral:D
106 ⟨/pdftex⟩
107 page { \exp_not:n {#1} }
108 }
109 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_literal_page:e #1
110 {
111 ⟨∗luatex⟩
112 \tex_pdfextension:D literal ~
113 ⟨/luatex⟩
114 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
115 \tex_pdfliteral:D
116 ⟨/pdftex⟩
117 page {#1}
118 }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n.)

\__kernel_backend_scope_begin: Higher-level interfaces for saving and restoring the graphic state.
\__kernel_backend_scope_end: 119 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
120 {
121 ⟨∗luatex⟩
122 \tex_pdfextension:D save \scan_stop:
123 ⟨/luatex⟩
124 ⟨∗pdftex⟩

4
 125 \tex_pdfsave:D
126 ⟨/pdftex⟩
127 }
128 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
129 {
130 ⟨∗luatex⟩
131 \tex_pdfextension:D restore \scan_stop:
132 ⟨/luatex⟩
133 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
134 \tex_pdfrestore:D
135 ⟨/pdftex⟩
136 }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_scope_begin: and \__kernel_backend_scope_end:.)

\__kernel_backend_matrix:n Here the appropriate function is set up to insert an affine matrix into the PDF. With
\__kernel_backend_matrix:e pdfTEX and LuaTEX in direct PDF output mode there is a primitive for this, which only
needs the rotation/scaling/skew part.
137 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_matrix:n #1
138 {
139 ⟨∗luatex⟩
140 \tex_pdfextension:D setmatrix
141 ⟨/luatex⟩
142 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
143 \tex_pdfsetmatrix:D
144 ⟨/pdftex⟩
145 { \exp_not:n {#1} }
146 }
147 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__kernel_backend_matrix:n { e }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_matrix:n.)

148 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩

1.3 dvipdfmx backend

149 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
The dvipdfmx shares code with the PDF mode one (using the common section to
this file) but also with XETEX. The latter is close to identical to dvipdfmx and so all of
the code here is extracted for both backends, with some clean up for XETEX as required.
\__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n Undocumented but equivalent to pdfTEX’s literal keyword. It’s similar to be not the
\__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:e same as the documented contents keyword as that adds a q/Q pair.
150 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n #1
151 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { pdf:literal~ #1 } }
152 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n { e }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n.)

\__kernel_backend_literal_page:n Whilst the manual says this is like literal direct in pdfTEX, it closes the BT block!
153 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n #1
154 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { pdf:literal~direct~ #1 } }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n.)

5
 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin: Scoping is done using the backend-specific specials. We use the versions originally from
\__kernel_backend_scope_end: xdvidfpmx (x:) as these are well-tested “in the wild”.
155 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
156 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { x:gsave } }
157 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
158 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { x:grestore } }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_scope_begin: and \__kernel_backend_scope_end:.)

159 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

1.4 dvisvgm backend

160 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩
\__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n Unlike the other backends, the requirements for making SVG files mean that we can’t
\__kernel_backend_literal_svg:e conveniently transform all operations to the current point. That makes life a bit more
tricky later as that needs to be accounted for. A new line is added after each call to help
to keep the output readable for debugging.
161 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n #1
162 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { dvisvgm:raw~ #1 { ?nl } } }
163 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n { e }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n.)

\g__kernel_backend_scope_int In SVG, we need to track scope nesting as properties attach to scopes; that requires a
\l__kernel_backend_scope_int pair of int registers.
164 \int_new:N \g__kernel_backend_scope_int
165 \int_new:N \l__kernel_backend_scope_int

(End of definition for \g__kernel_backend_scope_int and \l__kernel_backend_scope_int.)

\__kernel_backend_scope_begin: In SVG, the need to attach concepts to a scope means we need to be sure we will close all
\__kernel_backend_scope_end: of the open scopes. That is easiest done if we only need an outer “wrapper” begin/end
\__kernel_backend_scope_begin:n pair, and within that we apply operations as a simple scoped statements. To keep down
\__kernel_backend_scope_begin:e the non-productive groups, we also have a begin version that does take an argument.
\__kernel_backend_scope:n 166 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
\__kernel_backend_scope:e 167 {
168 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n { <g> }
169 \int_set_eq:NN
170 \l__kernel_backend_scope_int
171 \g__kernel_backend_scope_int
172 \group_begin:
173 \int_gset:Nn \g__kernel_backend_scope_int { 1 }
174 }
175 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
176 {
177 \prg_replicate:nn
178 { \g__kernel_backend_scope_int }
179 { \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n { </g> } }
180 \group_end:
181 \int_gset_eq:NN
182 \g__kernel_backend_scope_int
183 \l__kernel_backend_scope_int
184 }

6
 185 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:n #1
186 {
187 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n { <g ~ #1 > }
188 \int_set_eq:NN
189 \l__kernel_backend_scope_int
190 \g__kernel_backend_scope_int
191 \group_begin:
192 \int_gset:Nn \g__kernel_backend_scope_int { 1 }
193 }
194 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:n { e }
195 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_backend_scope:n #1
196 {
197 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n { <g ~ #1 > }
198 \int_gincr:N \g__kernel_backend_scope_int
199 }
200 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__kernel_backend_scope:n { e }

(End of definition for \__kernel_backend_scope_begin: and others.)

201 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
202 ⟨/package⟩

2 l3backend-box implementation
203 ⟨∗package⟩
204 ⟨@@=box⟩

2.1 dvips backend

205 ⟨∗dvips⟩
\__box_backend_clip:N The dvips backend scales all absolute dimensions based on the output resolution selected
and any TEX magnification. Thus for any operation involving absolute lengths there is
a correction to make. See normalscale from special.pro for the variables, noting that
here everything is saved on the stack rather than as a separate variable. Once all of that
is done, the actual clipping is trivial.
206 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_clip:N #1
207 {
208 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
209 \__kernel_backend_align_begin:
210 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n { matrix~currentmatrix }
211 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n
212 { Resolution~72~div~VResolution~72~div~scale }
213 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n { DVImag~dup~scale }
214 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:e
215 {
216 0 ~
217 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { \box_dp:N #1 } ~
218 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { \box_wd:N #1 } ~
219 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { -\box_ht:N #1 - \box_dp:N #1 } ~
220 rectclip
221 }
222 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n { setmatrix }
223 \__kernel_backend_align_end:

7
 224 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
225 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
226 \skip_horizontal:n { \box_wd:N #1 }
227 }

(End of definition for \__box_backend_clip:N.)

\__box_backend_rotate:Nn Rotating using dvips does not require that the box dimensions are altered and has a
\__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn very convenient built-in operation. Zero rotation must be written as 0 not -0 so there is
a quick test.
228 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_rotate:Nn #1#2
229 { \exp_args:NNf \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn #1 { \fp_eval:n {#2} } }
230 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn #1#2
231 {
232 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
233 \__kernel_backend_align_begin:
234 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:e
235 {
236 \fp_compare:nNnTF {#2} = \c_zero_fp
237 { 0 }
238 { \fp_eval:n { round ( -(#2) , 5 ) } } ~
239 rotate
240 }
241 \__kernel_backend_align_end:
242 \box_use:N #1
243 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
244 }

(End of definition for \__box_backend_rotate:Nn and \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn.)

\__box_backend_scale:Nnn The dvips backend once again has a dedicated operation we can use here.
245 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_scale:Nnn #1#2#3
246 {
247 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
248 \__kernel_backend_align_begin:
249 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:e
250 {
251 \fp_eval:n { round ( #2 , 5 ) } ~
252 \fp_eval:n { round ( #3 , 5 ) } ~
253 scale
254 }
255 \__kernel_backend_align_end:
256 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
257 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
258 }

(End of definition for \__box_backend_scale:Nnn.)

259 ⟨/dvips⟩

8
 2.2 LuaTEX and pdfTEX backends
260 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
\__box_backend_clip:N The general method is to save the current location, define a clipping path equivalent to
the bounding box, then insert the content at the current position and in a zero width box.
The “real” width is then made up using a horizontal skip before tidying up. There are
other approaches that can be taken (for example using XForm objects), but the logic here
shares as much code as possible and uses the same conversions (and so same rounding
errors) in all cases.
261 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_clip:N #1
262 {
263 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
264 \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:e
265 {
266 0~
267 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { -\box_dp:N #1 } ~
268 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { \box_wd:N #1 } ~
269 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { \box_ht:N #1 + \box_dp:N #1 } ~
270 re~W~n
271 }
272 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
273 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
274 \skip_horizontal:n { \box_wd:N #1 }
275 }

(End of definition for \__box_backend_clip:N.)

\__box_backend_rotate:Nn Rotations are set using an affine transformation matrix which therefore requires
\__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn sine/cosine values not the angle itself. We store the rounded values to avoid round-
\l__box_backend_cos_fp ing twice. There are also a couple of comparisons to ensure that -0 is not written to the
\l__box_backend_sin_fp output, as this avoids any issues with problematic display programs. Note that numbers
are compared to 0 after rounding.
276 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_rotate:Nn #1#2
277 { \exp_args:NNf \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn #1 { \fp_eval:n {#2} } }
278 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn #1#2
279 {
280 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
281 \box_set_wd:Nn #1 { 0pt }
282 \fp_set:Nn \l__box_backend_cos_fp { round ( cosd ( #2 ) , 5 ) }
283 \fp_compare:nNnT \l__box_backend_cos_fp = \c_zero_fp
284 { \fp_zero:N \l__box_backend_cos_fp }
285 \fp_set:Nn \l__box_backend_sin_fp { round ( sind ( #2 ) , 5 ) }
286 \__kernel_backend_matrix:e
287 {
288 \fp_use:N \l__box_backend_cos_fp \c_space_tl
289 \fp_compare:nNnTF \l__box_backend_sin_fp = \c_zero_fp
290 { 0~0 }
291 {
292 \fp_use:N \l__box_backend_sin_fp
293 \c_space_tl
294 \fp_eval:n { -\l__box_backend_sin_fp }
295 }
296 \c_space_tl

9
 297 \fp_use:N \l__box_backend_cos_fp
298 }
299 \box_use:N #1
300 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
301 }
302 \fp_new:N \l__box_backend_cos_fp
303 \fp_new:N \l__box_backend_sin_fp
(End of definition for \__box_backend_rotate:Nn and others.)

\__box_backend_scale:Nnn The same idea as for rotation but without the complexity of signs and cosines.
304 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_scale:Nnn #1#2#3
305 {
306 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
307 \__kernel_backend_matrix:e
308 {
309 \fp_eval:n { round ( #2 , 5 ) } ~
310 0~0~
311 \fp_eval:n { round ( #3 , 5 ) }
312 }
313 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
314 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
315 }
(End of definition for \__box_backend_scale:Nnn.)
316 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩

2.3 dvipdfmx/XETEX backend

317 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
\__box_backend_clip:N The code here is identical to that for LuaTEX/pdfTEX: unlike rotation and scaling, there
is no higher-level support in the backend for clipping.
318 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_clip:N #1
319 {
320 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
321 \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:e
322 {
323 0~
324 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { -\box_dp:N #1 } ~
325 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { \box_wd:N #1 } ~
326 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n { \box_ht:N #1 + \box_dp:N #1 } ~
327 re~W~n
328 }
329 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
330 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
331 \skip_horizontal:n { \box_wd:N #1 }
332 }
(End of definition for \__box_backend_clip:N.)

\__box_backend_rotate:Nn Rotating in dvipdmfx/XETEX can be implemented using either PDF or backend-specific

\__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn code. The former approach however is not “aware” of the content of boxes: this means
that any embedded links would not be adjusted by the rotation. As such, the backend-
native approach is preferred: the code therefore is similar (though not identical) to the

10
 dvips version (notice the rotation angle here is positive). As for dvips, zero rotation is
written as 0 not -0.
333 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_rotate:Nn #1#2
334 { \exp_args:NNf \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn #1 { \fp_eval:n {#2} } }
335 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn #1#2
336 {
337 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
338 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
339 {
340 x:rotate~
341 \fp_compare:nNnTF {#2} = \c_zero_fp
342 { 0 }
343 { \fp_eval:n { round ( #2 , 5 ) } }
344 }
345 \box_use:N #1
346 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
347 }

(End of definition for \__box_backend_rotate:Nn and \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn.)

\__box_backend_scale:Nnn Much the same idea for scaling: use the higher-level backend operation to allow for box
content.
348 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_scale:Nnn #1#2#3
349 {
350 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
351 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
352 {
353 x:scale~
354 \fp_eval:n { round ( #2 , 5 ) } ~
355 \fp_eval:n { round ( #3 , 5 ) }
356 }
357 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
358 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
359 }

(End of definition for \__box_backend_scale:Nnn.)

360 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

2.4 dvisvgm backend

361 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩
\__box_backend_clip:N Clipping in SVG is more involved than with other backends. The first issue is that the
\g__kernel_clip_path_int clipping path must be defined separately from where it is used, so we need to track how
many paths have applied. The naming here uses l3cp as the namespace with a number
following. Rather than use a rectangular operation, we define the path manually as this
allows it to have a depth: easier than the alternative approach of shifting content up and
down using scopes to allow for the depth of the TEX box and keep the reference point
the same!
362 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_clip:N #1
363 {
364 \int_gincr:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int
365 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:e

11
 366 { < clipPath~id = " l3cp \int_use:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int " > }
367 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:e
368 {
369 <
370 path ~ d =
371 "
372 M ~ 0 ~
373 \dim_to_decimal:n { -\box_dp:N #1 } ~
374 L ~ \dim_to_decimal:n { \box_wd:N #1 } ~
375 \dim_to_decimal:n { -\box_dp:N #1 } ~
376 L ~ \dim_to_decimal:n { \box_wd:N #1 } ~
377 \dim_to_decimal:n { \box_ht:N #1 + \box_dp:N #1 } ~
378 L ~ 0 ~
379 \dim_to_decimal:n { \box_ht:N #1 + \box_dp:N #1 } ~
380 Z
381 "
382 />
383 }
384 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n
385 { < /clipPath > }
In general the SVG set up does not try to transform coordinates to the current point. For
clipping we need to do that, so have a transformation here to get us to the right place,
and a matching one just before the TEX box is inserted to get things back on track. The
clip path needs to come between those two such that if lines up with the current point,
as does the TEX box.
386 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:n
387 {
388 transform =
389 "
390 translate ( { ?x } , { ?y } ) ~
391 scale ( 1 , -1 )
392 "
393 }
394 \__kernel_backend_scope:e
395 {
396 clip-path =
397 "url ( \c_hash_str l3cp \int_use:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int ) "
398 }
399 \__kernel_backend_scope:n
400 {
401 transform =
402 "
403 scale ( -1 , 1 ) ~
404 translate ( { ?x } , { ?y } ) ~
405 scale ( -1 , -1 )
406 "
407 }
408 \box_use:N #1
409 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
410 }
411 \int_new:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int

(End of definition for \__box_backend_clip:N and \g__kernel_clip_path_int.)

12
\__box_backend_rotate:Nn Rotation has a dedicated operation which includes a centre-of-rotation optional pair.
That can be picked up from the backend syntax, so there is no need to worry about the
transformation matrix.
412 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_rotate:Nn #1#2
413 {
414 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:e
415 {
416 transform =
417 "
418 rotate
419 ( \fp_eval:n { round ( -(#2) , 5 ) } , ~ { ?x } , ~ { ?y } )
420 "
421 }
422 \box_use:N #1
423 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
424 }

(End of definition for \__box_backend_rotate:Nn.)

\__box_backend_scale:Nnn In contrast to rotation, we have to account for the current position in this case. That
is done using a couple of translations in addition to the scaling (which is therefore done
backward with a flip).
425 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__box_backend_scale:Nnn #1#2#3
426 {
427 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:e
428 {
429 transform =
430 "
431 translate ( { ?x } , { ?y } ) ~
432 scale
433 (
434 \fp_eval:n { round ( -#2 , 5 ) } ,
435 \fp_eval:n { round ( -#3 , 5 ) }
436 ) ~
437 translate ( { ?x } , { ?y } ) ~
438 scale ( -1 )
439 "
440 }
441 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
442 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
443 }

(End of definition for \__box_backend_scale:Nnn.)

444 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
445 ⟨/package⟩

3 l3backend-color implementation
446 ⟨∗package⟩
447 ⟨@@=color⟩
Color support is split into parts: collecting data from LATEX 2ε , the color stack,
general color, separations, and color for drawings. We have different approaches in each

13
 backend, and have some choices to make about dvipdfmx/XETEX in particular. Whilst it
is in some ways convenient to use the same approach in multiple backends, the fact that
dvipdfmx/XETEX is PDF-based means it (largely) sticks closer to direct PDF output.
3.1 The color stack
For PDF-based engines, we have a color stack available inside the specials. This is used
for concepts beyond color itself: it is needed to manage the graphics state generally.
Although dvipdfmx/XETEX have multiple color stacks in recent releases, the way these
interact with the original single stack and with other graphic state operations means that
currently it is not feasible to use the multiple stacks.

3.1.1 Common code

448 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
\l__color_backend_stack_int For tracking which stack is in use where multiple stacks are used: currently just
pdfTEX/LuaTEX but at some future stage may also cover dvipdfmx/XETEX.
449 \int_new:N \l__color_backend_stack_int

(End of definition for \l__color_backend_stack_int.)

450 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩

3.1.2 LuaTEXand pdfTEX

451 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
\__kernel_color_backend_stack_init:Nnn
452 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_color_backend_stack_init:Nnn #1#2#3
453 {
454 \int_const:Nn #1
455 {
456 ⟨∗luatex⟩
457 \tex_pdffeedback:D colorstackinit ~
458 ⟨/luatex⟩
459 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
460 \tex_pdfcolorstackinit:D
461 ⟨/pdftex⟩
462 \tl_if_blank:nF {#2} { #2 ~ }
463 {#3}
464 }
465 }

(End of definition for \__kernel_color_backend_stack_init:Nnn.)

\__kernel_color_backend_stack_push:nn
\__kernel_color_backend_stack_pop:n 466 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_color_backend_stack_push:nn #1#2
467 {
468 ⟨∗luatex⟩
469 \tex_pdfextension:D colorstack ~
470 ⟨/luatex⟩
471 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
472 \tex_pdfcolorstack:D
473 ⟨/pdftex⟩
474 \int_eval:n {#1} ~ push ~ {#2}

14
 475 }
476 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__kernel_color_backend_stack_pop:n #1
477 {
478 ⟨∗luatex⟩
479 \tex_pdfextension:D colorstack ~
480 ⟨/luatex⟩
481 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
482 \tex_pdfcolorstack:D
483 ⟨/pdftex⟩
484 \int_eval:n {#1} ~ pop \scan_stop:
485 }

(End of definition for \__kernel_color_backend_stack_push:nn and \__kernel_color_backend_stack_-

pop:n.)
486 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩

3.2 General color

3.2.1 dvips-style
487 ⟨∗dvips | dvisvgm⟩
\__color_backend_select_cmyk:n Push the data to the stack. In the case of dvips also saves the drawing color in raw
\__color_backend_select_gray:n PostScript. The spot model is for handling data in classical format.
\__color_backend_select_named:n 488 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_cmyk:n #1
\__color_backend_select_rgb:n 489 { \__color_backend_select:n { cmyk ~ #1 } }
\__color_backend_select:n 490 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_gray:n #1
\__color_backend_reset: 491 { \__color_backend_select:n { gray ~ #1 } }
color.sc 492 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_named:n #1
493 { \__color_backend_select:n { ~ #1 } }
494 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_rgb:n #1
495 { \__color_backend_select:n { rgb ~ #1 } }
496 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select:n #1
497 {
498 \__kernel_backend_literal:n { color~push~ #1 }
499 ⟨∗dvips⟩
500 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { /color.sc ~ { } ~ def }
501 ⟨/dvips⟩
502 }
503 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_reset:
504 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { color~pop } }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_select_cmyk:n and others. This function is documented on

page ??.)
505 ⟨/dvips | dvisvgm⟩

3.2.2 LuaTEX and pdfTEX

506 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
\l__color_backend_fill_tl
\l__color_backend_stroke_tl 507 \tl_new:N \l__color_backend_fill_tl
508 \tl_new:N \l__color_backend_stroke_tl
509 \tl_set:Nn \l__color_backend_fill_tl { 0 ~ g }
510 \tl_set:Nn \l__color_backend_stroke_tl { 0 ~ G }

15
 (End of definition for \l__color_backend_fill_tl and \l__color_backend_stroke_tl.)

\__color_backend_select_cmyk:n Store the values then pass to the stack.

\__color_backend_select_gray:n 511 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_cmyk:n #1
\__color_backend_select_rgb:n 512 { \__color_backend_select:nn { #1 ~ k } { #1 ~ K } }
\__color_backend_select:nn 513 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_gray:n #1
\__color_backend_reset: 514 { \__color_backend_select:nn { #1 ~ g } { #1 ~ G } }
515 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_rgb:n #1
516 { \__color_backend_select:nn { #1 ~ rg } { #1 ~ RG } }
517 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select:nn #1#2
518 {
519 \tl_set:Nn \l__color_backend_fill_tl {#1}
520 \tl_set:Nn \l__color_backend_stroke_tl {#2}
521 \__kernel_color_backend_stack_push:nn \l__color_backend_stack_int { #1 ~ #2 }
522 }
523 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_reset:
524 { \__kernel_color_backend_stack_pop:n \l__color_backend_stack_int }
(End of definition for \__color_backend_select_cmyk:n and others.)
525 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩

3.2.3 dvipmdfx/XETEX
These backends have the most possible approaches: it recognises both dvips-based color
specials and its own format, plus one can include PDF statements directly. Recent
releases also have a color stack approach similar to pdfTEX. Of the stack methods, the
dedicated the most versatile is the latter as it can cover all of the use cases we have.
However, at present this interacts problematically with any color on the original stack.
We therefore stick to a single-stack approach here.
526 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

\__color_backend_select:n Using the single stack is relatively easy as there is only one route.
\__color_backend_select_cmyk:n 527 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select:n #1
\__color_backend_select_gray:n 528 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { pdf : bc ~ [ #1 ] } }
\__color_backend_select_rgb:n 529 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_select_cmyk:n \__color_backend_select:n
\__color_backend_reset: 530 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_select_gray:n \__color_backend_select:n
531 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_select_rgb:n \__color_backend_select:n
532 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_reset:
533 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { pdf : ec } }
(End of definition for \__color_backend_select:n and others.)

\__color_backend_select_named:n For classical named colors, the only value we should get is Black.
534 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_named:n #1
535 {
536 \str_if_eq:nnTF {#1} { Black }
537 { \__color_backend_select_gray:n { 0 } }
538 { \msg_error:nnn { color } { unknown-named-color } {#1} }
539 }
540 \msg_new:nnn { color } { unknown-named-color }
541 { Named~color~’#1’~is~not~known. }
(End of definition for \__color_backend_select_named:n.)
542 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

16
 3.3 Separations
Here, life gets interesting and we need essentially one approach per backend.
543 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | luatex | pdftex | xetex | dvips⟩
But we start with some functionality needed for both PostScript and PDF based
backends.

\g__color_backend_colorant_prop
544 \prop_new:N \g__color_backend_colorant_prop

(End of definition for \g__color_backend_colorant_prop.)

\__color_backend_devicen_colorants:n
\__color_backend_devicen_colorants:w 545 \cs_new:Npe \__color_backend_devicen_colorants:n #1
546 {
547 \exp_not:N \tl_if_blank:nF {#1}
548 {
549 \c_space_tl
550 << ~
551 /Colorants ~
552 << ~
553 \exp_not:N \__color_backend_devicen_colorants:w #1 ~
554 \exp_not:N \q_recursion_tail \c_space_tl
555 \exp_not:N \q_recursion_stop
556 >> ~
557 >>
558 }
559 }
560 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_devicen_colorants:w #1 ~
561 {
562 \quark_if_recursion_tail_stop:n {#1}
563 \prop_if_in:NnT \g__color_backend_colorant_prop {#1}
564 {
565 #1 ~
566 \prop_item:Nn \g__color_backend_colorant_prop {#1} ~
567 }
568 \__color_backend_devicen_colorants:w
569 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_devicen_colorants:n and \__color_backend_devicen_colorants:w.)

570 ⟨/dvipdfmx | luatex | pdftex | xetex | dvips⟩
571 ⟨∗dvips⟩

\__color_backend_select_separation:nn
\__color_backend_select_devicen:nn 572 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_separation:nn #1#2
573 { \__color_backend_select:n { separation ~ #1 ~ #2 } }
574 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_select_devicen:nn \__color_backend_select_separation:nn

(End of definition for \__color_backend_select_separation:nn and \__color_backend_select_devicen:nn.)

\__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn No support.
575 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn #1#2 { }

17
 (End of definition for \__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn.)

\__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn Initialising here means creating a small header set up plus massaging some data. This
\__color_backend_separation_init:neenn comes about as we have to deal with PDF-focussed data, which makes most sense “higher-
\__color_backend_separation_init_aux:nnnnnn up”. The approach is based on ideas from https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/560093
olor_backend_separation_init_/DeviceCMYK:nnn plus using the PostScript manual for other aspects.
olor_backend_separation_init_/DeviceGray:nnn 576 \cs_new_protected:Npe \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5
color_backend_separation_init_/DeviceRGB:nnn 577 {
\__color_backend_separation_init_Device:Nn 578 \bool_if:NT \g__kernel_backend_header_bool
\__color_backend_separation_init:nnn 579 {
\__color_backend_separation_init_count:n 580 \exp_not:N \exp_args:Ne \__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n
\__color_backend_separation_init_count:w 581 {
\__color_backend_separation_init:nnnn 582 \exp_not:N \__color_backend_separation_init_aux:nnnnnn
583 { \exp_not:N \int_use:N \g__color_model_int }
\__color_backend_separation_init:w
584 {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} {#5}
\__color_backend_separation_init:n
585 }
\__color_backend_separation_init:nw 586 \prop_gput:Nee \exp_not:N \g__color_backend_colorant_prop
\__color_backend_separation_init_CIELAB:nnn 587 { / \exp_not:N \str_convert_pdfname:n {#1} }
588 {
589 << ~
590 /setcolorspace ~ {} ~
591 >> ~ begin ~
592 color \exp_not:N \int_use:N \g__color_model_int \c_space_tl
593 end
594 }
595 }
596 }
597 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn { nee }
598 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init_aux:nnnnnn #1#2#3#4#5#6
599 {
600 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
601 {
602 !
603 TeXDict ~ begin ~
604 /color #1
605 {
606 [ ~
607 /Separation ~ ( \str_convert_pdfname:n {#2} ) ~
608 [ ~ #3 ~ ] ~
609 {
610 \cs_if_exist_use:cF { __color_backend_separation_init_ #3 :nnn }
611 { \__color_backend_separation_init:nnn }
612 {#4} {#5} {#6}
613 }
614 ] ~ setcolorspace
615 } ~ def ~
616 end
617 }
618 }
619 \cs_new:cpn { __color_backend_separation_init_ /DeviceCMYK :nnn } #1#2#3
620 { \__color_backend_separation_init_Device:Nn 4 {#3} }
621 \cs_new:cpn { __color_backend_separation_init_ /DeviceGray :nnn } #1#2#3
622 { \__color_backend_separation_init_Device:Nn 1 {#3} }
623 \cs_new:cpn { __color_backend_separation_init_ /DeviceRGB :nnn } #1#2#3

18
 624 { \__color_backend_separation_init_Device:Nn 2 {#3} }
625 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init_Device:Nn #1#2
626 {
627 #2 ~
628 \prg_replicate:nn {#1}
629 { #1 ~ index ~ mul ~ #1 ~ 1 ~ roll ~ }
630 \int_eval:n { #1 + 1 } ~ -1 ~ roll ~ pop
631 }
For the generic case, we cannot use /FunctionType 2 unfortunately, so we have to code
that idea up in PostScript. Here, we will therefore assume that a range is always given.
First, we count values in each argument: at the backend level, we can assume there are
always well-behaved with spaces present.
632 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init:nnn #1#2#3
633 {
634 \exp_args:Ne \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnn
635 { \__color_backend_separation_init_count:n {#2} }
636 {#1} {#2} {#3}
637 }
638 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init_count:n #1
639 { \int_eval:n { 0 \__color_backend_separation_init_count:w #1 ~ \s__color_stop } }
640 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init_count:w #1 ~ #2 \s__color_stop
641 {
642 +1
643 \tl_if_blank:nF {#2}
644 { \__color_backend_separation_init_count:w #2 \s__color_stop }
645 }
Now we implement the algorithm. In the terms in the PostScript manual, we have N = 1
and Domain = [0 1], with Range as #2, C0 as #3 and C1 as #4, with the number of
output components in #1. So all we have to do is implement yi = C0i + x(C1i − C0i )
with lots of stack manipulation, then check the ranges. That’s done by adding everything
to the stack first, then using the fact we know all of the offsets. As manipulating the
stack is tricky, we start by re-formatting the C0 and C1 arrays to be interleaved, and
add a 0 to each pair: this is used to keep the stack of constant length while we are doing
the first pass of mathematics. We then working through that list, calculating from the
last to the first value before tidying up by removing all of the input values. We do that
by first copying all of the final y values to the end of the stack, then rolling everything
so we can pop the now-unneeded material.
646 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnn #1#2#3#4
647 {
648 \__color_backend_separation_init:w #3 ~ \s__color_stop #4 ~ \s__color_stop
649 \prg_replicate:nn {#1}
650 {
651 pop ~ 1 ~ index ~ neg ~ 1 ~ index ~ add ~
652 \int_eval:n { 3 * #1 } ~ index ~ mul ~
653 2 ~ index ~ add ~
654 \int_eval:n { 3 * #1 } ~ #1 ~ roll ~
655 }
656 \int_step_function:nnnN {#1} { -1 } { 1 }
657 \__color_backend_separation_init:n
658 \int_eval:n { 4 * #1 + 1 } ~ #1 ~ roll ~
659 \prg_replicate:nn { 3 * #1 + 1 } { pop ~ }
660 \tl_if_blank:nF {#2}

19
 661 { \__color_backend_separation_init:nw {#1} #2 ~ \s__color_stop }
662 }
663 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init:w
664 #1 ~ #2 \s__color_stop #3 ~ #4 \s__color_stop
665 {
666 #1 ~ #3 ~ 0 ~
667 \tl_if_blank:nF {#2}
668 { \__color_backend_separation_init:w #2 \s__color_stop #4 \s__color_stop }
669 }
670 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init:n #1
671 { \int_eval:n { #1 * 2 } ~ index ~ }
Finally, we deal with the range limit if required. This is handled by splitting the range into
pairs. It’s then just a question of doing the comparisons, this time dropping everything
except the desired result.
672 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init:nw #1#2 ~ #3 ~ #4 \s__color_stop
673 {
674 #2 ~ #3 ~
675 2 ~ index ~ 2 ~ index ~ lt ~
676 { ~ pop ~ exch ~ pop ~ } ~
677 { ~
678 2 ~ index ~ 1 ~ index ~ gt ~
679 { ~ exch ~ pop ~ exch ~ pop ~ } ~
680 { ~ pop ~ pop ~ } ~
681 ifelse ~
682 }
683 ifelse ~
684 #1 ~ 1 ~ roll ~
685 \tl_if_blank:nF {#4}
686 { \__color_backend_separation_init:nw {#1} #4 \s__color_stop }
687 }
CIELAB support uses the detail from the PostScript reference, page 227; other than that
block of PostScript, this is the same as for PDF-based routes.
688 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init_CIELAB:nnn #1#2#3
689 {
690 \__color_backend_separation_init:neenn
691 {#2}
692 {
693 /CIEBasedABC ~
694 << ~
695 /RangeABC ~ [ ~ \c__color_model_range_CIELAB_tl \c_space_tl ] ~
696 /DecodeABC ~
697 [ ~
698 { ~ 16 ~ add ~ 116 ~ div ~ } ~ bind ~
699 { ~ 500 ~ div ~ } ~ bind ~
700 { ~ 200 ~ div ~ } ~ bind ~
701 ] ~
702 /MatrixABC ~ [ ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 ~ -1 ~ ] ~
703 /DecodeLMN ~
704 [ ~
705 { ~
706 dup ~ 6 ~ 29 ~ div ~ ge ~
707 { ~ dup ~ dup ~ mul ~ mul ~ ~ } ~
708 { ~ 4 ~ 29 ~ div ~ sub ~ 108 ~ 841 ~ div ~ mul ~ } ~

20
 709 ifelse ~
710 0.9505 ~ mul ~
711 } ~ bind ~
712 { ~
713 dup ~ 6 ~ 29 ~ div ~ ge ~
714 { ~ dup ~ dup ~ mul ~ mul ~ } ~
715 { ~ 4 ~ 29 ~ div ~ sub ~ 108 ~ 841 ~ div ~ mul ~ } ~
716 ifelse ~
717 } ~ bind ~
718 { ~
719 dup ~ 6 ~ 29 ~ div ~ ge ~
720 { ~ dup ~ dup ~ mul ~ mul ~ } ~
721 { ~ 4 ~ 29 ~ div ~ sub ~ 108 ~ 841 ~ div ~ mul ~ } ~
722 ifelse ~
723 1.0890 ~ mul ~
724 } ~ bind
725 ] ~
726 /WhitePoint ~
727 [ ~ \tl_use:c { c__color_model_whitepoint_CIELAB_ #1 _tl } ~ ] ~
728 >>
729 }
730 { \c__color_model_range_CIELAB_tl }
731 { 100 ~ 0 ~ 0 }
732 {#3}
733 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn and others.)

\__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn Trivial as almost all of the work occurs in the shared code.
734 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn #1#2#3
735 {
736 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
737 {
738 !
739 TeXDict ~ begin ~
740 /color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int
741 {
742 [ ~
743 /DeviceN ~
744 [ ~ #1 ~ ] ~
745 #2 ~
746 { ~ #3 ~ } ~
747 \__color_backend_devicen_colorants:n {#1}
748 ] ~ setcolorspace
749 } ~ def ~
750 end
751 }
752 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn.)

\__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn No support at present.

753 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn #1#2#3 { }

21
 (End of definition for \__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn.)
754 ⟨/dvips⟩
755 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩

\__color_backend_select_separation:nn No support at present.

\__color_backend_select_devicen:nn 756 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_separation:nn #1#2 { }
757 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_select_devicen:nn \__color_backend_select_separation:nn
(End of definition for \__color_backend_select_separation:nn and \__color_backend_select_devicen:nn.)

\__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn No support at present.

\__color_backend_separation_init_CIELAB:nnn 758 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5 { }
759 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init_CIELAB:nnnnnn #1#2#3 { }
(End of definition for \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn and \__color_backend_separation_-
init_CIELAB:nnn.)

\__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn As detailed in https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/#at-profile, we can apply a

color profile using CSS. As we have a local file, we use a relative URL.
760 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn #1#2
761 {
762 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:e
763 {
764 <style>
765 @color-profile ~
766 \str_if_eq:nnTF {#2} { cmyk }
767 { device-cmyk }
768 { --color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int }
769 \c_space_tl
770 {
771 src:("#1")
772 }
773 </style>
774 }
775 }
(End of definition for \__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn.)
776 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
777 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | luatex | pdftex | xetex⟩

\__color_backend_select_separation:nn
\__color_backend_select_devicen:nn 778 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
\__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn 779 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_separation:nn #1#2
780 { \__kernel_backend_literal:e { pdf : bc ~ \pdf_object_ref:n {#1} ~ [ #2 ] } }
781 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
782 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
783 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_select_separation:nn #1#2
784 { \__color_backend_select:nn { /#1 ~ cs ~ #2 ~ scn } { /#1 ~ CS ~ #2 ~ SCN } }
785 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩
786 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_select_devicen:nn \__color_backend_select_separation:nn
787 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn \__color_backend_select_separation:nn
(End of definition for \__color_backend_select_separation:nn , \__color_backend_select_devicen:nn ,
and \__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn.)

22
 \__color_backend_init_resource:n Resource initiation comes up a few times. For dvipdfmx/XETEX, we skip this as at
present it’s handled by the backend.
788 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_init_resource:n #1
789 {
790 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
791 \bool_lazy_and:nnT
792 { \cs_if_exist_p:N \pdfmanagement_if_active_p: }
793 { \pdfmanagement_if_active_p: }
794 {
795 \use:e
796 {
797 \pdfmanagement_add:nnn
798 { Page / Resources / ColorSpace }
799 { #1 }
800 { \pdf_object_ref_last: }
801 }
802 }
803 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩
804 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_init_resource:n.)

\__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn Initialising the PDF structures needs two parts: creating an object containing the “real”
\__color_backend_separation_init:nn name of the Separation, then adding a reference to that to each page. We use a separate
\__color_backend_separation_init_CIELAB:nnn object for the tint transformation following the model in the PDF reference. The object
here for the color needs to be named as that way it’s accessible to dvipdfmx/XETEX.
805 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5
806 {
807 \pdf_object_unnamed_write:ne { dict }
808 {
809 /FunctionType ~ 2
810 /Domain ~ [0 ~ 1]
811 \tl_if_blank:nF {#3} { /Range ~ [#3] }
812 /C0 ~ [#4] ~
813 /C1 ~ [#5] /N ~ 1
814 }
815 \exp_args:Ne \__color_backend_separation_init:nn
816 { \str_convert_pdfname:n {#1} } {#2}
817 \__color_backend_init_resource:n { color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int }
818 }
819 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init:nn #1#2
820 {
821 \use:e
822 {
823 \pdf_object_new:n { color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int }
824 \pdf_object_write:nnn { color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int } { array }
825 { /Separation /#1 ~ #2 ~ \pdf_object_ref_last: }
826 }
827 \prop_gput:Nne \g__color_backend_colorant_prop { /#1 }
828 { \pdf_object_ref_last: }
829 }
For CIELAB colors, we need one object per document for the illuminant, plus initialisa-
tion of the color space referencing that object.

23
 830 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_separation_init_CIELAB:nnn #1#2#3
831 {
832 \pdf_object_if_exist:nF { __color_illuminant_CIELAB_ #1 }
833 {
834 \pdf_object_new:n { __color_illuminant_CIELAB_ #1 }
835 \pdf_object_write:nne { __color_illuminant_CIELAB_ #1 } { array }
836 {
837 /Lab ~
838 <<
839 /WhitePoint ~
840 [ \tl_use:c { c__color_model_whitepoint_CIELAB_ #1 _tl } ]
841 /Range ~ [ \c__color_model_range_CIELAB_tl ]
842 >>
843 }
844 }
845 \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn
846 {#2}
847 { \pdf_object_ref:n { __color_illuminant_CIELAB_ #1 } }
848 { \c__color_model_range_CIELAB_tl }
849 { 100 ~ 0 ~ 0 }
850 {#3}
851 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_separation_init:nnnnn , \__color_backend_separation_-

init:nn , and \__color_backend_separation_init_CIELAB:nnn.)

\__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn Similar to the Separations case, but with an arbitrary function for the alternative space
\__color_backend_devicen_init:w work.
852 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn #1#2#3
853 {
854 \pdf_object_unnamed_write:ne { stream }
855 {
856 {
857 /FunctionType ~ 4 ~
858 /Domain ~
859 [ ~
860 \prg_replicate:nn
861 { 0 \__color_backend_devicen_init:w #1 ~ \s__color_stop }
862 { 0 ~ 1 ~ }
863 ] ~
864 /Range ~
865 [ ~
866 \str_case:nn {#2}
867 {
868 { /DeviceCMYK } { 0 ~ 1 ~ 0 ~ 1 ~ 0 ~ 1 ~ 0 ~ 1 }
869 { /DeviceGray } { 0 ~ 1 }
870 { /DeviceRGB } { 0 ~ 1 ~ 0 ~ 1 ~ 0 ~ 1 }
871 } ~
872 ]
873 }
874 { {#3} }
875 }
876 \use:e
877 {

24
 878 \pdf_object_new:n { color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int }
879 \pdf_object_write:nnn { color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int } { array }
880 {
881 /DeviceN ~
882 [ ~ #1 ~ ] ~
883 #2 ~
884 \pdf_object_ref_last:
885 \__color_backend_devicen_colorants:n {#1}
886 }
887 }
888 \__color_backend_init_resource:n { color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int }
889 }
890 \cs_new:Npn \__color_backend_devicen_init:w #1 ~ #2 \s__color_stop
891 {
892 + 1
893 \tl_if_blank:nF {#2}
894 { \__color_backend_devicen_init:w #2 \s__color_stop }
895 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn and \__color_backend_devicen_init:w.)

\__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn Lots of data to save here: we only want to do that once per file, so track it by name.
896 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn #1#2#3
897 {
898 \pdf_object_if_exist:nF { __color_icc_ #1 }
899 {
900 \pdf_object_new:n { __color_icc_ #1 }
901 \pdf_object_write:nne { __color_icc_ #1 } { fstream }
902 {
903 {
904 /N ~ \exp_not:n { #2 } ~
905 \tl_if_empty:nF { #3 } { /Range~[ #3 ] }
906 }
907 {#1}
908 }
909 }
910 \pdf_object_unnamed_write:ne { array }
911 { /ICCBased ~ \pdf_object_ref:n { __color_icc_ #1 } }
912 \__color_backend_init_resource:n { color \int_use:N \g__color_model_int }
913 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn.)

\__color_backend_iccbased_device:nnn This is very similar to setting up a color space: the only part we add to the page resources
differently.
914 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_iccbased_device:nnn #1#2#3
915 {
916 \pdf_object_if_exist:nF { __color_icc_ #1 }
917 {
918 \pdf_object_new:n { __color_icc_ #1 }
919 \pdf_object_write:nnn { __color_icc_ #1 } { fstream }
920 {
921 { /N ~ #3 }
922 {#1}

25
 923 }
924 }
925 \pdf_object_unnamed_write:ne { array }
926 { /ICCBased ~ \pdf_object_ref:n { __color_icc_ #1 } }
927 \__color_backend_init_resource:n { Default #2 }
928 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_iccbased_device:nnn.)

929 ⟨/dvipdfmx | luatex | pdftex | xetex⟩

3.4 Fill and stroke color

Here, dvipdfmx/XETEX we write direct PDF specials for the fill, and only use the stack
for the stroke color (see above for comments on why we cannot use multiple stacks with
these backends). LuaTEX and pdfTEX have mutiple stacks that can deal with fill and
stroke. For dvips we have to manage fill and stroke color ourselves. We also handle
dvisvgm independently, as there we can create SVG directly.
930 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

\__color_backend_fill:n
\__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n 931 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill:n #1
\__color_backend_fill_gray:n 932 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { pdf : bc ~ fill ~ [ #1 ] } }
\__color_backend_fill_rgb:n 933 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n \__color_backend_fill:n
\__color_backend_stroke:n 934 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_gray:n \__color_backend_fill:n
\__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n 935 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_rgb:n \__color_backend_fill:n
\__color_backend_stroke_gray:n 936 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke:n #1
\__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n 937 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { pdf : bc ~ stroke ~ [ #1 ] } }
938 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n \__color_backend_stroke:n
939 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_gray:n \__color_backend_stroke:n
940 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n \__color_backend_stroke:n

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill:n and others.)

\__color_backend_fill_separation:nn
\__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn 941 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn #1#2
\__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn 942 {
\__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn 943 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
944 { pdf : bc ~ fill ~ \pdf_object_ref:n {#1} ~ [ #2 ] }
945 }
946 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn #1#2
947 {
948 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
949 { pdf : bc ~ stroke ~ \pdf_object_ref:n {#1} ~ [ #2 ] }
950 }
951 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn
952 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn and others.)

\__color_backend_fill_reset:
\__color_backend_stroke_reset: 953 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_reset: \__color_backend_reset:
954 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_reset: \__color_backend_reset:

26
 (End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_reset: and \__color_backend_stroke_reset:.)
955 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
956 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩

\__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n Drawing (fill/stroke) color is handled in dvipdfmx/XETEX in the same way as LuaTEX/pdfTEX.
\__color_backend_fill_gray:n We use the same approach as earlier, except the color stack is not involved so the generic
\__color_backend_fill_rgb:n direct PDF operation is used. There is no worry about the nature of strokes: everything
\__color_backend_fill:n is handled automatically.
\__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n 957 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n #1
\__color_backend_stroke_gray:n 958 { \__color_backend_fill:n { #1 ~ k } }
\__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n 959 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_gray:n #1
\__color_backend_stroke:n 960 { \__color_backend_fill:n { #1 ~ g } }
961 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_rgb:n #1
962 { \__color_backend_fill:n { #1 ~ rg } }
963 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill:n #1
964 {
965 \tl_set:Nn \l__color_backend_fill_tl {#1}
966 \__kernel_color_backend_stack_push:nn \l__color_backend_stack_int
967 { #1 ~ \l__color_backend_stroke_tl }
968 }
969 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n #1
970 { \__color_backend_stroke:n { #1 ~ K } }
971 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_gray:n #1
972 { \__color_backend_stroke:n { #1 ~ G } }
973 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n #1
974 { \__color_backend_stroke:n { #1 ~ RG } }
975 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke:n #1
976 {
977 \tl_set:Nn \l__color_backend_stroke_tl {#1}
978 \__kernel_color_backend_stack_push:nn \l__color_backend_stack_int
979 { \l__color_backend_fill_tl \c_space_tl #1 }
980 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n and others.)

\__color_backend_fill_separation:nn
\__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn 981 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn #1#2
\__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn 982 { \__color_backend_fill:n { /#1 ~ cs ~ #2 ~ scn } }
\__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn 983 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn #1#2
984 { \__color_backend_stroke:n { /#1 ~ CS ~ #2 ~ SCN } }
985 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn
986 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn and others.)

\__color_backend_fill_reset:
\__color_backend_stroke_reset: 987 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_reset: \__color_backend_reset:
988 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_reset: \__color_backend_reset:

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_reset: and \__color_backend_stroke_reset:.)

989 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩
990 ⟨∗dvips⟩

27
\__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n Fill color here is the same as general color except we skip the stroke part.
\__color_backend_fill_gray:n 991 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n #1
\__color_backend_fill_rgb:n 992 { \__color_backend_fill:n { cmyk ~ #1 } }
\__color_backend_fill:n 993 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_gray:n #1
\__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n 994 { \__color_backend_fill:n { gray ~ #1 } }
\__color_backend_stroke_gray:n 995 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_rgb:n #1
\__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n 996 { \__color_backend_fill:n { rgb ~ #1 } }
997 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill:n #1
998 {
999 \__kernel_backend_literal:n { color~push~ #1 }
1000 }
1001 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n #1
1002 { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { /color.sc { #1 ~ setcmykcolor } def } }
1003 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_gray:n #1
1004 { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { /color.sc { #1 ~ setgray } def } }
1005 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n #1
1006 { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { /color.sc { #1 ~ setrgbcolor } def } }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n and others.)

\__color_backend_fill_separation:nn
\__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn 1007 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn #1#2
\__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn 1008 { \__color_backend_fill:n { separation ~ #1 ~ #2 } }
\__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn 1009 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn #1#2
1010 { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { /color.sc { separation ~ #1 ~ #2 } def } }
1011 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn
1012 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn and others.)

\__color_backend_fill_reset:
\__color_backend_stroke_reset: 1013 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_reset: \__color_backend_reset:
1014 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_reset: { }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_reset: and \__color_backend_stroke_reset:.)

1015 ⟨/dvips⟩
1016 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩

\__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n Fill color here is the same as general color except we skip the stroke part.
\__color_backend_fill_gray:n 1017 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n #1
\__color_backend_fill_rgb:n 1018 { \__color_backend_fill:n { cmyk ~ #1 } }
\__color_backend_fill:n 1019 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_gray:n #1
1020 { \__color_backend_fill:n { gray ~ #1 } }
1021 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_rgb:n #1
1022 { \__color_backend_fill:n { rgb ~ #1 } }
1023 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill:n #1
1024 {
1025 \__kernel_backend_literal:n { color~push~ #1 }
1026 }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n and others.)

28
 \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n For drawings in SVG, we use scopes for all stroke colors. That requires using RGB values,
\__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:w which luckily are easy to convert here (cmyk to RGB is a fixed function).
\__color_backend_stroke_gray:n 1027 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n #1
\__color_backend_stroke_gray_aux:n 1028 { \__color_backend_cmyk:w #1 \s__color_stop }
\__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n 1029 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:w
\__color_backend_stroke_rgb:w 1030 #1 ~ #2 ~ #3 ~ #4 \s__color_stop
\__color_backend:nnn 1031 {
1032 \use:e
1033 {
1034 \__color_backend:nnn
1035 { \fp_eval:n { -100 * ( 1 - min ( 1 , #1 + #4 ) ) } }
1036 { \fp_eval:n { -100 * ( 1 - min ( 1 , #2 + #4 ) ) } }
1037 { \fp_eval:n { -100 * ( 1 - min ( 1 , #3 + #4 ) ) } }
1038 }
1039 }
1040 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_gray:n #1
1041 {
1042 \use:e
1043 {
1044 \__color_backend_stroke_gray_aux:n
1045 { \fp_eval:n { 100 * (#1) } }
1046 }
1047 }
1048 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_gray_aux:n #1
1049 { \__color_backend:nnn {#1} {#1} {#1} }
1050 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n #1
1051 { \__color_backend_rgb:w #1 \s__color_stop }
1052 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_rgb:w
1053 #1 ~ #2 ~ #3 \s__color_stop
1054 {
1055 \use:e
1056 {
1057 \__color_backend:nnn
1058 { \fp_eval:n { 100 * (#1) } }
1059 { \fp_eval:n { 100 * (#2) } }
1060 { \fp_eval:n { 100 * (#3) } }
1061 }
1062 }
1063 \cs_new_protected:Npe \__color_backend:nnn #1#2#3
1064 {
1065 \__kernel_backend_scope:n
1066 {
1067 stroke =
1068 "
1069 rgb
1070 (
1071 #1 \c_percent_str ,
1072 #2 \c_percent_str ,
1073 #3 \c_percent_str
1074 )
1075 "
1076 }
1077 }

29
 (End of definition for \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n and others.)

\__color_backend_fill_separation:nn At present, these are no-ops.

\__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn 1078 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn #1#2 { }
\__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn 1079 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn #1#2 { }
\__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn 1080 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn
1081 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn and others.)

\__color_backend_fill_reset:
\__color_backend_stroke_reset: 1082 \cs_new_eq:NN \__color_backend_fill_reset: \__color_backend_reset:
1083 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_stroke_reset: { }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_fill_reset: and \__color_backend_stroke_reset:.)

\__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn No support at present.

\__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn 1084 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn #1#2#3 { }
1085 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn #1#2#3 { }

(End of definition for \__color_backend_devicen_init:nnn and \__color_backend_iccbased_init:nnn.)

1086 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
1087 ⟨/package⟩

3.5 Font handling integration

In LuaTEX these colors should also be usable to color fonts, so luaotfload color handling
is extended to include these.
1088 ⟨∗lua⟩
1089 local l = lpeg
1090 local spaces = l.P’ ’^0
1091 local digit16 = l.R(’09’, ’af’, ’AF’)
1092

1093 local octet = digit16 * digit16 / function(s)

1094 return string.format(’%.3g ’, tonumber(s, 16) / 255)
1095 end
1096

1097 if luaotfload and luaotfload.set_transparent_colorstack then

1098 local htmlcolor = l.Cs(octet * octet * octet * -1 * l.Cc’rg’)
1099 local color_export = {
1100 token.create’tex_endlocalcontrol:D’,
1101 token.create’tex_hpack:D’,
1102 token.new(0, 1),
1103 token.create’color_export:nnN’,
1104 token.new(0, 1),
1105 ’’,
1106 token.new(0, 2),
1107 token.new(0, 1),
1108 ’backend’,
1109 token.new(0, 2),
1110 token.create’l_tmpa_tl’,
1111 token.create’exp_after:wN’,
1112 token.create’__color_select:nn’,

30
 1113 token.create’l_tmpa_tl’,
1114 token.new(0, 2),
1115 }
1116 local group_end = token.create’group_end:’
1117 local value = (1 - l.P’}’)^0
1118 luatexbase.add_to_callback(’luaotfload.parse_color’, function (value)
1119 % Also allow HTML colors to preserve compatibility
1120 local html = htmlcolor:match(value)
1121 if html then return html end
1122

1123 tex.runtoks(function()
1124 token.get_next()
1125 color_export[6] = value
1126 tex.sprint(-2, color_export)
1127 end)
1128 local list = token.scan_list()
1129 if not list.head or list.head.next
1130 or list.head.subtype ~= node.subtype’pdf_colorstack’ then
1131 error’Unexpected backend behavior’
1132 end
1133 local cmd = list.head.data
1134 node.free(list)
1135 return cmd
1136 end, ’l3color’)
1137 end
1138 ⟨/lua⟩
1139 ⟨∗luatex⟩
1140 ⟨∗package⟩
1141 \lua_load_module:n {l3backend-luatex}
1142 ⟨/package⟩
1143 ⟨/luatex⟩

4 l3backend-draw implementation
1144 ⟨∗package⟩
1145 ⟨@@=draw⟩

4.1 dvips backend

1146 ⟨∗dvips⟩
\__draw_backend_literal:n The same as literal PostScript: same arguments about positioning apply her.
\__draw_backend_literal:e 1147 \cs_new_eq:NN \__draw_backend_literal:n \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n
1148 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__draw_backend_literal:n { e }
(End of definition for \__draw_backend_literal:n.)

\__draw_backend_begin: The ps::[begin] special here deals with positioning but allows us to continue on to a
\__draw_backend_end: matching ps::[end]: contrast with ps:, which positions but where we can’t split mater-
ial between separate calls. The @beginspecial/@endspecial pair are from special.pro
and correct the scale and y-axis direction. In contrast to pgf, we don’t save the current
point: discussion with Tom Rokici suggested a better way to handle the necessary transla-
tions (see \__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn). (Note that @beginspecial/@endspecial

31
 forms a backend scope.) The [begin]/[end] lines are handled differently from the rest
as they are conceptually different: not really drawing literals but instructions to dvips
itself.
1149 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_begin:
1150 {
1151 \__kernel_backend_literal:n { ps::[begin] }
1152 \__draw_backend_literal:n { @beginspecial }
1153 }
1154 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_end:
1155 {
1156 \__draw_backend_literal:n { @endspecial }
1157 \__kernel_backend_literal:n { ps::[end] }
1158 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_begin: and \__draw_backend_end:.)

\__draw_backend_scope_begin: Scope here may need to contain saved definitions, so the entire memory rather than just
\__draw_backend_scope_end: the graphic state has to be sent to the stack.
1159 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_scope_begin:
1160 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { save } }
1161 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_scope_end:
1162 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { restore } }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_scope_begin: and \__draw_backend_scope_end:.)

\__draw_backend_moveto:nn Path creation operations mainly resolve directly to PostScript primitive steps, with only
\__draw_backend_lineto:nn the need to convert to bp. Notice that x-type expansion is included here to ensure that
\__draw_backend_rectangle:nnnn any variable values are forced to literals before any possible caching. There is no native
\__draw_backend_curveto:nnnnnn rectangular path command (without also clipping, filling or stroking), so that task is
done using a small amount of PostScript.
1163 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_moveto:nn #1#2
1164 {
1165 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1166 {
1167 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~
1168 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~ moveto
1169 }
1170 }
1171 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_lineto:nn #1#2
1172 {
1173 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1174 {
1175 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~
1176 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~ lineto
1177 }
1178 }
1179 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_rectangle:nnnn #1#2#3#4
1180 {
1181 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1182 {
1183 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#4} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#3} ~
1184 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~
1185 moveto~dup~0~rlineto~exch~0~exch~rlineto~neg~0~rlineto~closepath
1186 }

32
 1187 }
1188 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_curveto:nnnnnn #1#2#3#4#5#6
1189 {
1190 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1191 {
1192 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~
1193 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#3} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#4} ~
1194 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#5} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#6} ~
1195 curveto
1196 }
1197 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_moveto:nn and others.)

\__draw_backend_evenodd_rule: The even-odd rule here can be implemented as a simply switch.

\__draw_backend_nonzero_rule: 1198 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_evenodd_rule:
\g__draw_draw_eor_bool 1199 { \bool_gset_true:N \g__draw_draw_eor_bool }
1200 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_nonzero_rule:
1201 { \bool_gset_false:N \g__draw_draw_eor_bool }
1202 \bool_new:N \g__draw_draw_eor_bool

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_evenodd_rule: , \__draw_backend_nonzero_rule: , and \g__-

draw_draw_eor_bool.)

\__draw_backend_closepath: Unlike PDF, PostScript doesn’t track separate colors for strokes and other elements. It is
\__draw_backend_stroke: also desirable to have the clip keyword after a stroke or fill. To achieve those outcomes,
\__draw_backend_closestroke: there is some work to do. For color, the stoke color is simple but the fill one has to be
\__draw_backend_fill: inserted by hand. For clipping, the required ordering is achieved using a TEX switch.
\__draw_backend_fillstroke: All of the operations end with a new path instruction as they do not terminate (again in
\__draw_backend_clip: contrast to PDF).
\__draw_backend_discardpath: 1203 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_closepath:
\g__draw_draw_clip_bool 1204 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { closepath } }
1205 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_stroke:
1206 {
1207 \__draw_backend_literal:n { gsave }
1208 \__draw_backend_literal:n { color.sc }
1209 \__draw_backend_literal:n { stroke }
1210 \__draw_backend_literal:n { grestore }
1211 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1212 {
1213 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1214 {
1215 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool { eo }
1216 clip
1217 }
1218 }
1219 \__draw_backend_literal:n { newpath }
1220 \bool_gset_false:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1221 }
1222 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_closestroke:
1223 {
1224 \__draw_backend_closepath:
1225 \__draw_backend_stroke:
1226 }

33
1227 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_fill:
1228 {
1229 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1230 {
1231 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool { eo }
1232 fill
1233 }
1234 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1235 {
1236 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1237 {
1238 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool { eo }
1239 clip
1240 }
1241 }
1242 \__draw_backend_literal:n { newpath }
1243 \bool_gset_false:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1244 }
1245 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_fillstroke:
1246 {
1247 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1248 {
1249 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool { eo }
1250 fill
1251 }
1252 \__draw_backend_literal:n { gsave }
1253 \__draw_backend_literal:n { color.sc }
1254 \__draw_backend_literal:n { stroke }
1255 \__draw_backend_literal:n { grestore }
1256 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1257 {
1258 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1259 {
1260 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool { eo }
1261 clip
1262 }
1263 }
1264 \__draw_backend_literal:n { newpath }
1265 \bool_gset_false:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1266 }
1267 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_clip:
1268 { \bool_gset_true:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool }
1269 \bool_new:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1270 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_discardpath:
1271 {
1272 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1273 {
1274 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1275 {
1276 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool { eo }
1277 clip
1278 }
1279 }
1280 \__draw_backend_literal:n { newpath }

34
 1281 \bool_gset_false:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1282 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_closepath: and others.)

\__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn Converting paths to output is again a case of mapping directly to PostScript operations.
\__draw_backend_dash:n 1283 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn #1#2
\__draw_backend_linewidth:n 1284 {
\__draw_backend_miterlimit:n 1285 \__draw_backend_literal:e
\__draw_backend_cap_butt: 1286 {
\__draw_backend_cap_round: 1287 [
\__draw_backend_cap_rectangle: 1288 \exp_args:Nf \use:n
\__draw_backend_join_miter: 1289 { \clist_map_function:nN {#1} \__draw_backend_dash:n }
1290 ] ~
\__draw_backend_join_round:
1291 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~ setdash
\__draw_backend_join_bevel:
1292 }
1293 }
1294 \cs_new:Npn \__draw_backend_dash:n #1
1295 { ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} }
1296 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_linewidth:n #1
1297 {
1298 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1299 { \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~ setlinewidth }
1300 }
1301 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_miterlimit:n #1
1302 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { #1 ~ setmiterlimit } }
1303 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_butt:
1304 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 0 ~ setlinecap } }
1305 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_round:
1306 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 1 ~ setlinecap } }
1307 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_rectangle:
1308 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 2 ~ setlinecap } }
1309 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_miter:
1310 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 0 ~ setlinejoin } }
1311 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_round:
1312 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 1 ~ setlinejoin } }
1313 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_bevel:
1314 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 2 ~ setlinejoin } }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn and others.)

\__draw_backend_cm:nnnn In dvips, keeping the transformations in line with the engine is unfortunately not possible
for scaling and rotations: even if we decompose the matrix into those operations, there is
still no backend tracking (cf. dvipdfmx/XETEX). Thus we take the shortest path available
and simply dump the matrix as given.
1315 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn #1#2#3#4
1316 {
1317 \__draw_backend_literal:n
1318 { [ #1 ~ #2 ~ #3 ~ #4 ~ 0 ~ 0 ] ~ concat }
1319 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn.)

35
 \__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn Inside a picture @beginspecial/@endspecial are active, which is normally a good thing
but means that the position and scaling would be off if the box was inserted directly. To
deal with that, there are a number of possible approaches. The implementation here was
suggested by Tom Rokici (author of dvips). We end the current special placement, then
set the current point with a literal [begin]. As for general literals, we then use the stack
to store the current point and move to it. To insert the required transformation, we have
to flip the y-axis, once before and once after it. Then we get back to the TEX reference
point to insert our content. The clean up has to happen in the right places, hence the
[begin]/[end] pair around restore. Finally, we can return to “normal” drawing mode.
Notice that the set up here is very similar to that in \__draw_align_currentpoint_...,
but the ordering of saving and restoring is different (intermixed).
1320 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5
1321 {
1322 \__draw_backend_literal:n { @endspecial }
1323 \__draw_backend_literal:n { [end] }
1324 \__draw_backend_literal:n { [begin] }
1325 \__draw_backend_literal:n { save }
1326 \__draw_backend_literal:n { currentpoint }
1327 \__draw_backend_literal:n { currentpoint~translate }
1328 \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn { 1 } { 0 } { 0 } { -1 }
1329 \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn {#2} {#3} {#4} {#5}
1330 \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn { 1 } { 0 } { 0 } { -1 }
1331 \__draw_backend_literal:n { neg~exch~neg~exch~translate }
1332 \__draw_backend_literal:n { [end] }
1333 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
1334 \__draw_backend_literal:n { [begin] }
1335 \__draw_backend_literal:n { restore }
1336 \__draw_backend_literal:n { [end] }
1337 \__draw_backend_literal:n { [begin] }
1338 \__draw_backend_literal:n { @beginspecial }
1339 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn.)

1340 ⟨/dvips⟩

4.2 LuaTEX, pdfTEX, dvipdfmx and XETEX

LuaTEX, pdfTEX, dvipdfmx and XETEX directly produce PDF output and understand a
shared set of specials for drawing commands.
1341 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | luatex | pdftex | xetex⟩

4.2.1 Drawing
\__draw_backend_literal:n Pass data through using a dedicated interface.
\__draw_backend_literal:e 1342 \cs_new_eq:NN \__draw_backend_literal:n \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n
1343 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__draw_backend_literal:n { e }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_literal:n.)

\__draw_backend_begin: No special requirements here, so simply set up a drawing scope.

\__draw_backend_end: 1344 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_begin:
1345 { \__draw_backend_scope_begin: }

36
 1346 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_end:
1347 { \__draw_backend_scope_end: }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_begin: and \__draw_backend_end:.)

\__draw_backend_scope_begin: Use the backend-level scope mechanisms.

\__draw_backend_scope_end: 1348 \cs_new_eq:NN \__draw_backend_scope_begin: \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
1349 \cs_new_eq:NN \__draw_backend_scope_end: \__kernel_backend_scope_end:

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_scope_begin: and \__draw_backend_scope_end:.)

\__draw_backend_moveto:nn Path creation operations all resolve directly to PDF primitive steps, with only the need
\__draw_backend_lineto:nn to convert to bp.
\__draw_backend_curveto:nnnnnn 1350 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_moveto:nn #1#2
\__draw_backend_rectangle:nnnn 1351 {
1352 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1353 { \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~ m }
1354 }
1355 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_lineto:nn #1#2
1356 {
1357 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1358 { \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~ l }
1359 }
1360 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_curveto:nnnnnn #1#2#3#4#5#6
1361 {
1362 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1363 {
1364 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~
1365 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#3} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#4} ~
1366 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#5} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#6} ~
1367 c
1368 }
1369 }
1370 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_rectangle:nnnn #1#2#3#4
1371 {
1372 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1373 {
1374 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~
1375 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#3} ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#4} ~
1376 re
1377 }
1378 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_moveto:nn and others.)

\__draw_backend_evenodd_rule: The even-odd rule here can be implemented as a simply switch.

\__draw_backend_nonzero_rule: 1379 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_evenodd_rule:
\g__draw_draw_eor_bool 1380 { \bool_gset_true:N \g__draw_draw_eor_bool }
1381 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_nonzero_rule:
1382 { \bool_gset_false:N \g__draw_draw_eor_bool }
1383 \bool_new:N \g__draw_draw_eor_bool

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_evenodd_rule: , \__draw_backend_nonzero_rule: , and \g__-

draw_draw_eor_bool.)

37
 \__draw_backend_closepath: Converting paths to output is again a case of mapping directly to PDF operations.
\__draw_backend_stroke: 1384 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_closepath:
\__draw_backend_closestroke: 1385 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { h } }
\__draw_backend_fill: 1386 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_stroke:
\__draw_backend_fillstroke: 1387 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { S } }
\__draw_backend_clip: 1388 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_closestroke:
\__draw_backend_discardpath: 1389 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { s } }
1390 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_fill:
1391 {
1392 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1393 { f \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool * }
1394 }
1395 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_fillstroke:
1396 {
1397 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1398 { B \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool * }
1399 }
1400 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_clip:
1401 {
1402 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1403 { W \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_eor_bool * }
1404 }
1405 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_discardpath:
1406 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { n } }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_closepath: and others.)

\__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn Converting paths to output is again a case of mapping directly to PDF operations.
\__draw_backend_dash:n 1407 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn #1#2
\__draw_backend_linewidth:n 1408 {
\__draw_backend_miterlimit:n 1409 \__draw_backend_literal:e
\__draw_backend_cap_butt: 1410 {
\__draw_backend_cap_round: 1411 [
\__draw_backend_cap_rectangle: 1412 \exp_args:Nf \use:n
\__draw_backend_join_miter: 1413 { \clist_map_function:nN {#1} \__draw_backend_dash:n }
1414 ] ~
\__draw_backend_join_round:
1415 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#2} ~ d
\__draw_backend_join_bevel:
1416 }
1417 }
1418 \cs_new:Npn \__draw_backend_dash:n #1
1419 { ~ \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} }
1420 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_linewidth:n #1
1421 {
1422 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1423 { \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} ~ w }
1424 }
1425 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_miterlimit:n #1
1426 { \__draw_backend_literal:e { #1 ~ M } }
1427 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_butt:
1428 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 0 ~ J } }
1429 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_round:
1430 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 1 ~ J } }
1431 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_rectangle:
1432 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 2 ~ J } }

38
 1433 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_miter:
1434 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 0 ~ j } }
1435 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_round:
1436 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 1 ~ j } }
1437 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_bevel:
1438 { \__draw_backend_literal:n { 2 ~ j } }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn and others.)

\__draw_backend_cm:nnnn Another split here between LuaTEX/pdfTeX and dvipdfmx/XETEX. In the former, we
\__draw_backend_cm_aux:nnnn have a direct method to maintain alignment: the backend can use a matrix itself. For
dvipdfmx/XETEX, we can to decompose the matrix into rotations and a scaling, then
use those operations as they are handled by the backend. (There is backend support for
matrix operations in dvipdfmx/XETEX, but as a matched pair so not suitable for the
“stand alone” transformation set up here.) The specials used here are from xdvipdfmx
originally: they are well-tested, but probably equivalent to the pdf: versions!
1439 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn #1#2#3#4
1440 {
1441 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
1442 \__kernel_backend_matrix:n { #1 ~ #2 ~ #3 ~ #4 }
1443 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩
1444 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
1445 \__draw_backend_cm_decompose:nnnnN {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4}
1446 \__draw_backend_cm_aux:nnnn
1447 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
1448 }
1449 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
1450 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cm_aux:nnnn #1#2#3#4
1451 {
1452 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
1453 {
1454 x:rotate~
1455 \fp_compare:nNnTF {#1} = \c_zero_fp
1456 { 0 }
1457 { \fp_eval:n { round ( -#1 , 5 ) } }
1458 }
1459 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
1460 {
1461 x:scale~
1462 \fp_eval:n { round ( #2 , 5 ) } ~
1463 \fp_eval:n { round ( #3 , 5 ) }
1464 }
1465 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
1466 {
1467 x:rotate~
1468 \fp_compare:nNnTF {#4} = \c_zero_fp
1469 { 0 }
1470 { \fp_eval:n { round ( -#4 , 5 ) } }
1471 }
1472 }
1473 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn and \__draw_backend_cm_aux:nnnn.)

39
 \__draw_backend_cm_decompose:nnnnN Internally, transformations for drawing are tracked as a matrix. Not all engines provide
\__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxi:nnnnN a way of dealing with this: if we use a raw matrix, the engine looses track of positions
\__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxii:nnnnN (for example for hyperlinks), and this is not desirable. They do, however, allow us to
\__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxiii:nnnnN track rotations and scalings. Luckily, we can decompose any (two-dimensional) matrix
into two rotations and a single scaling:
     
A B cos β sin β w1 0 cos γ sin γ
=
C D − sin β cos β 0 w2 − sin γ cos γ

The parent matrix can be converted to

     
A B E H F G
= +
C D −H E G −F

From these, we can find that

w1 + w2 p
= E2 + H 2
2
w1 − w2 p
= F 2 + G2
2
γ − β = tan−1 (G/F )
γ + β = tan−1 (H/E)

at which point we just have to do various pieces of re-arrangement to get all of the values.
(See J. Blinn, IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl., 1996, 16, 82–88.) There is one wrinkle: the
PostScript (and PDF) way of specifying a transformation matrix exchanges where one
would normally expect B and C to be.
1474 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
1475 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cm_decompose:nnnnN #1#2#3#4#5
1476 {
1477 \use:e
1478 {
1479 \__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxi:nnnnN
1480 { \fp_eval:n { (#1 + #4) / 2 } }
1481 { \fp_eval:n { (#1 - #4) / 2 } }
1482 { \fp_eval:n { (#3 + #2) / 2 } }
1483 { \fp_eval:n { (#3 - #2) / 2 } }
1484 }
1485 #5
1486 }
1487 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxi:nnnnN #1#2#3#4#5
1488 {
1489 \use:e
1490 {
1491 \__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxii:nnnnN
1492 { \fp_eval:n { 2 * sqrt ( #1 * #1 + #4 * #4 ) } }
1493 { \fp_eval:n { 2 * sqrt ( #2 * #2 + #3 * #3 ) } }
1494 { \fp_eval:n { atand ( #3 , #2 ) } }
1495 { \fp_eval:n { atand ( #4 , #1 ) } }
1496 }
1497 #5
1498 }
1499 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxii:nnnnN #1#2#3#4#5

40
 1500 {
1501 \use:e
1502 {
1503 \__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxiii:nnnnN
1504 { \fp_eval:n { ( #4 - #3 ) / 2 } }
1505 { \fp_eval:n { ( #1 + #2 ) / 2 } }
1506 { \fp_eval:n { ( #1 - #2 ) / 2 } }
1507 { \fp_eval:n { ( #4 + #3 ) / 2 } }
1508 }
1509 #5
1510 }
1511 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cm_decompose_auxiii:nnnnN #1#2#3#4#5
1512 {
1513 \fp_compare:nNnTF { abs( #2 ) } > { abs ( #3 ) }
1514 { #5 {#1} {#2} {#3} {#4} }
1515 { #5 {#1} {#3} {#2} {#4} }
1516 }
1517 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_cm_decompose:nnnnN and others.)

\__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn Inserting a TEX box transformed to the requested position and using the current matrix
is done using a mixture of TEX and low-level manipulation. The offset can be handled
by TEX, so only any rotation/skew/scaling component needs to be done using the matrix
operation. As this operation can never be cached, the scope is set directly not using the
draw version.
1518 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5
1519 {
1520 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
1521 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
1522 \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn {#2} {#3} {#4} {#5}
1523 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩
1524 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
1525 \__kernel_backend_literal:n
1526 { pdf:btrans~matrix~ #2 ~ #3 ~ #4 ~ #5 ~ 0 ~ 0 }
1527 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
1528 \hbox_overlap_right:n { \box_use:N #1 }
1529 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
1530 \__kernel_backend_literal:n { pdf:etrans }
1531 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
1532 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
1533 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn.)

1534 ⟨/dvipdfmx | luatex | pdftex | xetex⟩

4.3 dvisvgm backend

1535 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩
\__draw_backend_literal:n The same as the more general literal call.
\__draw_backend_literal:e 1536 \cs_new_eq:NN \__draw_backend_literal:n \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n
1537 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__draw_backend_literal:n { e }

41
 (End of definition for \__draw_backend_literal:n.)

\__draw_backend_scope_begin: Use the backend-level scope mechanisms.

\__draw_backend_scope_end: 1538 \cs_new_eq:NN \__draw_backend_scope_begin: \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
1539 \cs_new_eq:NN \__draw_backend_scope_end: \__kernel_backend_scope_end:

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_scope_begin: and \__draw_backend_scope_end:.)

\__draw_backend_begin: A drawing needs to be set up such that the co-ordinate system is translated. That is
\__draw_backend_end: done inside a scope, which as described below
1540 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_begin:
1541 {
1542 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
1543 \__kernel_backend_scope:n { transform="translate({?x},{?y})~scale(1,-1)" }
1544 }
1545 \cs_new_eq:NN \__draw_backend_end: \__kernel_backend_scope_end:

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_begin: and \__draw_backend_end:.)

\__draw_backend_moveto:nn Once again, some work is needed to get path constructs correct. Rather then write the
\__draw_backend_lineto:nn values as they are given, the entire path needs to be collected up before being output
\__draw_backend_rectangle:nnnn in one go. For that we use a dedicated storage routine, which adds spaces as required.
\__draw_backend_curveto:nnnnnn Since paths should be fully expanded there is no need to worry about the internal x-type
\__draw_backend_add_to_path:n expansion.
\g__draw_backend_path_tl 1546 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_moveto:nn #1#2
1547 {
1548 \__draw_backend_add_to_path:n
1549 { M ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#2} }
1550 }
1551 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_lineto:nn #1#2
1552 {
1553 \__draw_backend_add_to_path:n
1554 { L ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#2} }
1555 }
1556 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_rectangle:nnnn #1#2#3#4
1557 {
1558 \__draw_backend_add_to_path:n
1559 {
1560 M ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#2}
1561 h ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#3} ~
1562 v ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#4} ~
1563 h ~ \dim_to_decimal:n { -#3 } ~
1564 Z
1565 }
1566 }
1567 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_curveto:nnnnnn #1#2#3#4#5#6
1568 {
1569 \__draw_backend_add_to_path:n
1570 {
1571 C ~
1572 \dim_to_decimal:n {#1} ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#2} ~
1573 \dim_to_decimal:n {#3} ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#4} ~
1574 \dim_to_decimal:n {#5} ~ \dim_to_decimal:n {#6}
1575 }

42
 1576 }
1577 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_add_to_path:n #1
1578 {
1579 \tl_gset:Ne \g__draw_backend_path_tl
1580 {
1581 \g__draw_backend_path_tl
1582 \tl_if_empty:NF \g__draw_backend_path_tl { \c_space_tl }
1583 #1
1584 }
1585 }
1586 \tl_new:N \g__draw_backend_path_tl

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_moveto:nn and others.)

\__draw_backend_evenodd_rule: The fill rules here have to be handled as scopes.

\__draw_backend_nonzero_rule: 1587 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_evenodd_rule:
1588 { \__kernel_backend_scope:n { fill-rule="evenodd" } }
1589 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_nonzero_rule:
1590 { \__kernel_backend_scope:n { fill-rule="nonzero" } }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_evenodd_rule: and \__draw_backend_nonzero_rule:.)

\__draw_backend_path:n Setting fill and stroke effects and doing clipping all has to be done using scopes. This
\__draw_backend_closepath: means setting up the various requirements in a shared auxiliary which deals with the
\__draw_backend_stroke: bits and pieces. Clipping paths are reused for path drawing: not essential but avoids
\__draw_backend_closestroke: constructing them twice. Discarding a path needs a separate function as it’s not quite
\__draw_backend_fill: the same.
\__draw_backend_fillstroke: 1591 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_closepath:
\__draw_backend_clip: 1592 { \__draw_backend_add_to_path:n { Z } }
\__draw_backend_discardpath: 1593 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_path:n #1
\g__draw_draw_clip_bool 1594 {
\g__draw_draw_path_int 1595 \bool_if:NTF \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1596 {
1597 \int_gincr:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int
1598 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1599 {
1600 < clipPath~id = " l3cp \int_use:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int " >
1601 { ?nl }
1602 <path~d=" \g__draw_backend_path_tl "/> { ?nl }
1603 < /clipPath > { ? nl }
1604 <
1605 use~xlink:href =
1606 "\c_hash_str l3path \int_use:N \g__draw_backend_path_int " ~
1607 #1
1608 />
1609 }
1610 \__kernel_backend_scope:e
1611 {
1612 clip-path =
1613 "url( \c_hash_str l3cp \int_use:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int)"
1614 }
1615 }
1616 {
1617 \__draw_backend_literal:e

43
 1618 { <path ~ d=" \g__draw_backend_path_tl " ~ #1 /> }
1619 }
1620 \tl_gclear:N \g__draw_backend_path_tl
1621 \bool_gset_false:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1622 }
1623 \int_new:N \g__draw_backend_path_int
1624 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_stroke:
1625 { \__draw_backend_path:n { style="fill:none" } }
1626 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_closestroke:
1627 {
1628 \__draw_backend_closepath:
1629 \__draw_backend_stroke:
1630 }
1631 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_fill:
1632 { \__draw_backend_path:n { style="stroke:none" } }
1633 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_fillstroke:
1634 { \__draw_backend_path:n { } }
1635 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_clip:
1636 { \bool_gset_true:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool }
1637 \bool_new:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1638 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_discardpath:
1639 {
1640 \bool_if:NT \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1641 {
1642 \int_gincr:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int
1643 \__draw_backend_literal:e
1644 {
1645 < clipPath~id = " l3cp \int_use:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int " >
1646 { ?nl }
1647 <path~d=" \g__draw_backend_path_tl "/> { ?nl }
1648 < /clipPath >
1649 }
1650 \__kernel_backend_scope:e
1651 {
1652 clip-path =
1653 "url( \c_hash_str l3cp \int_use:N \g__kernel_clip_path_int)"
1654 }
1655 }
1656 \tl_gclear:N \g__draw_path_tl
1657 \bool_gset_false:N \g__draw_draw_clip_bool
1658 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_path:n and others.)

\__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn All of these ideas are properties of scopes in SVG. The only slight complexity is converting
\__draw_backend_dash:n the dash array properly (doing any required maths).
\__draw_backend_dash_aux:nn 1659 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn #1#2
\__draw_backend_linewidth:n 1660 {
\__draw_backend_miterlimit:n 1661 \use:e
\__draw_backend_cap_butt: 1662 {
\__draw_backend_cap_round: 1663 \__draw_backend_dash_aux:nn
\__draw_backend_cap_rectangle: 1664 { \clist_map_function:nN {#1} \__draw_backend_dash:n }
\__draw_backend_join_miter: 1665 { \dim_to_decimal:n {#2} }
1666 }
\__draw_backend_join_round:
\__draw_backend_join_bevel:

44
 1667 }
1668 \cs_new:Npn \__draw_backend_dash:n #1
1669 { , \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n {#1} }
1670 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_dash_aux:nn #1#2
1671 {
1672 \__kernel_backend_scope:e
1673 {
1674 stroke-dasharray =
1675 "
1676 \tl_if_empty:nTF {#1}
1677 { none }
1678 { \use_none:n #1 }
1679 " ~
1680 stroke-offset=" #2 "
1681 }
1682 }
1683 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_linewidth:n #1
1684 { \__kernel_backend_scope:e { stroke-width=" \dim_to_decimal:n {#1} " } }
1685 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_miterlimit:n #1
1686 { \__kernel_backend_scope:e { stroke-miterlimit=" #1 " } }
1687 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_butt:
1688 { \__kernel_backend_scope:n { stroke-linecap="butt" } }
1689 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_round:
1690 { \__kernel_backend_scope:n { stroke-linecap="round" } }
1691 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cap_rectangle:
1692 { \__kernel_backend_scope:n { stroke-linecap="square" } }
1693 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_miter:
1694 { \__kernel_backend_scope:n { stroke-linejoin="miter" } }
1695 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_round:
1696 { \__kernel_backend_scope:n { stroke-linejoin="round" } }
1697 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_join_bevel:
1698 { \__kernel_backend_scope:n { stroke-linejoin="bevel" } }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn and others.)

\__draw_backend_cm:nnnn The four arguments here are floats (the affine matrix), the last two are a displacement
vector.
1699 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn #1#2#3#4
1700 {
1701 \__kernel_backend_scope:n
1702 {
1703 transform =
1704 " matrix ( #1 , #2 , #3 , #4 , 0pt , 0pt ) "
1705 }
1706 }

(End of definition for \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn.)

\__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn No special savings can be made here: simply displace the box inside a scope. As there is
nothing to re-box, just make the box passed of zero size.
1707 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn #1#2#3#4#5
1708 {
1709 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:
1710 \__draw_backend_cm:nnnn {#2} {#3} {#4} {#5}

45
 1711 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n
1712 {
1713 < g~
1714 stroke="none"~
1715 transform="scale(-1,1)~translate({?x},{?y})~scale(-1,-1)"
1716 >
1717 }
1718 \box_set_wd:Nn #1 { 0pt }
1719 \box_set_ht:Nn #1 { 0pt }
1720 \box_set_dp:Nn #1 { 0pt }
1721 \box_use:N #1
1722 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n { </g> }
1723 \__kernel_backend_scope_end:
1724 }
(End of definition for \__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn.)
1725 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
1726 ⟨/package⟩

5 l3backend-graphics implementation
1727 ⟨∗package⟩
1728 ⟨@@=graphics⟩
\__graphics_backend_loaded:n To deal with file load ordering. Plain users are on their own.
1729 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_loaded:n #1
1730 {
1731 \cs_if_exist:NTF \hook_gput_code:nnn
1732 {
1733 \hook_gput_code:nnn
1734 { package / l3graphics / after }
1735 { backend }
1736 {#1}
1737 }
1738 {#1}
1739 }
(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_loaded:n.)

5.1 dvips backend

1740 ⟨∗dvips⟩
\l_graphics_search_ext_seq
1741 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
1742 { \seq_set_from_clist:Nn \l_graphics_search_ext_seq { .eps , .ps } }
(End of definition for \l_graphics_search_ext_seq. This variable is documented on page ??.)

\__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n Simply use the generic function.

\__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n 1743 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
1744 {
1745 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n \__graphics_read_bb:n
1746 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n \__graphics_read_bb:n
1747 }

46
 (End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n and \__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n.)

\__graphics_backend_include_eps:n The special syntax is relatively clear here: remember we need PostScript sizes here.
\__graphics_backend_include_ps:n 1748 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n #1
1749 {
1750 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
1751 {
1752 PSfile = #1 \c_space_tl
1753 llx = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_llx_dim \c_space_tl
1754 lly = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_lly_dim \c_space_tl
1755 urx = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_urx_dim \c_space_tl
1756 ury = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_ury_dim
1757 }
1758 }
1759 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_ps:n \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n and \__graphics_backend_include_ps:n.)

\__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n
1760 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
1761 { \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n \__graphics_get_pagecount:n }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n.)

1762 ⟨/dvips⟩

5.2 LuaTEX and pdfTEX backends

1763 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
\l_graphics_search_ext_seq
1764 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
1765 {
1766 \seq_set_from_clist:Nn
1767 \l_graphics_search_ext_seq
1768 { .pdf , .eps , .ps , .png , .jpg , .jpeg }
1769 }

(End of definition for \l_graphics_search_ext_seq. This variable is documented on page ??.)

\l__graphics_attr_tl In PDF mode, additional attributes of an graphic (such as page number) are needed both
to obtain the bounding box and when inserting the graphic: this occurs as the graphic
dictionary approach means they are read as part of the bounding box operation. As such,
it is easier to track additional attributes using a dedicated tl rather than build up the
same data twice.
1770 \tl_new:N \l__graphics_attr_tl

(End of definition for \l__graphics_attr_tl.)

\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n Getting the bounding box here requires us to box up the graphic and measure it. To
\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n deal with the difference in feature support in bitmap and vector graphics but keeping
\__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n the common parts, there is a little work to do in terms of auxiliaries. The key here is to
\__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n notice that we need two forms of the attributes: a “short” set to allow us to track for
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:n caching, and the full form to pass to the primitive.
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxii:n 1771 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n #1
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiii:n
\__graphics_backend_dequote:w
47
1772 {
1773 \int_zero:N \l__graphics_page_int
1774 \tl_clear:N \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
1775 \tl_set:Ne \l__graphics_attr_tl
1776 {
1777 \tl_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_decodearray_str
1778 { :D \l__graphics_decodearray_str }
1779 \bool_if:NT \l__graphics_interpolate_bool
1780 { :I }
1781 \str_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_pdf_str
1782 { :X \l__graphics_pdf_str }
1783 }
1784 \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:n {#1}
1785 }
1786 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
1787 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
1788 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n #1
1789 {
1790 \tl_clear:N \l__graphics_decodearray_str
1791 \bool_set_false:N \l__graphics_interpolate_bool
1792 \tl_set:Ne \l__graphics_attr_tl
1793 {
1794 : \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
1795 \int_compare:nNnT \l__graphics_page_int > 1
1796 { :P \int_use:N \l__graphics_page_int }
1797 \str_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_pdf_str
1798 { :X \l__graphics_pdf_str }
1799 }
1800 \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:n {#1}
1801 }
1802 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:n #1
1803 {
1804 \__graphics_bb_restore:eF { #1 \l__graphics_attr_tl }
1805 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxii:n {#1} }
1806 }
Measuring the graphic is done by boxing up: for PDF graphics we could use \tex_pdfximagebbox:D,
but if doesn’t work for other types. As the box always starts at (0, 0) there is no need to
worry about the lower-left position. Quotes need to be removed as LuaTEX does not like
them here.
1807 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxii:n #1
1808 {
1809 \exp_args:Ne \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiii:n
1810 { \__graphics_backend_dequote:w #1 " #1 " \s__graphics_stop }
1811 \int_const:cn { c__graphics_ #1 \l__graphics_attr_tl _int }
1812 { \tex_the:D \tex_pdflastximage:D }
1813 \__graphics_bb_save:e { #1 \l__graphics_attr_tl }
1814 }
1815 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiii:n #1
1816 {
1817 \tex_immediate:D \tex_pdfximage:D
1818 \bool_lazy_any:nT
1819 {
1820 { \l__graphics_interpolate_bool }

48
 1821 { ! \tl_if_empty_p:N \l__graphics_decodearray_str }
1822 { ! \str_if_empty_p:N \l__graphics_pdf_str }
1823 }
1824 {
1825 attr ~
1826 {
1827 \tl_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_decodearray_str
1828 { /Decode~[ \l__graphics_decodearray_str ] }
1829 \bool_if:NT \l__graphics_interpolate_bool
1830 { /Interpolate~true }
1831 \l__graphics_pdf_str
1832 }
1833 }
1834 \int_compare:nNnT \l__graphics_page_int > 0
1835 { page ~ \int_use:N \l__graphics_page_int }
1836 \tl_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
1837 { \l__graphics_pagebox_tl }
1838 {#1}
1839 \hbox_set:Nn \l__graphics_internal_box
1840 { \tex_pdfrefximage:D \tex_pdflastximage:D }
1841 \dim_set:Nn \l__graphics_urx_dim { \box_wd:N \l__graphics_internal_box }
1842 \dim_set:Nn \l__graphics_ury_dim { \box_ht:N \l__graphics_internal_box }
1843 }
1844 \cs_new:Npn \__graphics_backend_dequote:w #1 " #2 " #3 \s__graphics_stop {#2}

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n and others.)

\__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n Images are already loaded for the measurement part of the code, so inclusion is straight-
\__graphics_backend_include_jpeg:n forward, with only any attributes to worry about. The latter carry through from deter-
\__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n mination of the bounding box.
\__graphics_backend_include_png:n 1845 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n #1
1846 {
1847 \tex_pdfrefximage:D
1848 \int_use:c { c__graphics_ #1 \l__graphics_attr_tl _int }
1849 }
1850 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_jpeg:n \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n
1851 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n
1852 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_png:n \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n and others.)

\__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n EPS graphics may be included in LuaTEX/pdfTeX by conversion to PDF: this requires
\__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n restricted shell escape. Modelled on the epstopdf LATEX 2ε package, but simplified, con-
\__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:nm version takes place here if we have shell access.
\__graphics_backend_include_eps:n 1853 \sys_if_shell:T
\__graphics_backend_include_ps:n 1854 {
\l__graphics_backend_dir_str 1855 \str_new:N \l__graphics_backend_dir_str
\l__graphics_backend_name_str 1856 \str_new:N \l__graphics_backend_name_str
\l__graphics_backend_ext_str 1857 \str_new:N \l__graphics_backend_ext_str
1858 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n #1
1859 {
1860 \file_parse_full_name:nNNN {#1}
1861 \l__graphics_backend_dir_str
1862 \l__graphics_backend_name_str

49
 1863 \l__graphics_backend_ext_str
1864 \exp_args:Ne \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:nn
1865 {
1866 \exp_args:Ne \__kernel_file_name_quote:n
1867 {
1868 \l__graphics_backend_name_str
1869 - \str_tail:N \l__graphics_backend_ext_str
1870 -converted-to.pdf
1871 }
1872 }
1873 {#1}
1874 }
1875 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n
1876 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:nn #1#2
1877 {
1878 \file_compare_timestamp:nNnT {#2} > {#1}
1879 {
1880 \sys_shell_now:n
1881 { repstopdf ~ #2 ~ #1 }
1882 }
1883 \tl_set:Nn \l__graphics_final_name_str {#1}
1884 \__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n {#1}
1885 }
1886 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n #1
1887 {
1888 \file_parse_full_name:nNNN {#1}
1889 \l__graphics_backend_dir_str \l__graphics_backend_name_str \l__graphics_backend_ex
1890 \exp_args:Ne \__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n
1891 {
1892 \exp_args:Ne \__kernel_file_name_quote:n
1893 {
1894 \l__graphics_backend_name_str
1895 - \str_tail:N \l__graphics_backend_ext_str
1896 -converted-to.pdf
1897 }
1898 }
1899 }
1900 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_ps:n \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n
1901 }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n and others.)

\__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n Simply load and store.

1902 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n #1
1903 {
1904 \tex_pdfximage:D {#1}
1905 \int_const:cn { c__graphics_ #1 _pages_int }
1906 { \int_use:N \tex_pdflastximagepages:D }
1907 }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n.)

1908 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩

50
 5.3 dvipdfmx backend
1909 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
\l_graphics_search_ext_seq
1910 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
1911 {
1912 \seq_set_from_clist:Nn \l_graphics_search_ext_seq
1913 { .pdf , .eps , .ps , .png , .jpg , .jpeg , .bmp }
1914 }

(End of definition for \l_graphics_search_ext_seq. This variable is documented on page ??.)

\__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n Simply use the generic functions: only for dvipdfmx in the extraction cases.
\__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n 1915 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n 1916 {
\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n 1917 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n \__graphics_read_bb:n
\__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n 1918 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n \__graphics_read_bb:n
\__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n 1919 }
\__graphics_backend_getbb_bmp:n 1920 ⟨∗dvipdfmx⟩
1921 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n #1
1922 {
1923 \int_zero:N \l__graphics_page_int
1924 \tl_clear:N \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
1925 \__graphics_extract_bb:n {#1}
1926 }
1927 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
1928 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
1929 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_bmp:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
1930 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n #1
1931 {
1932 \tl_clear:N \l__graphics_decodearray_str
1933 \bool_set_false:N \l__graphics_interpolate_bool
1934 \__graphics_extract_bb:n {#1}
1935 }
1936 ⟨/dvipdfmx⟩

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n and others.)

\g__graphics_track_int Used to track the object number associated with each graphic.
1937 \int_new:N \g__graphics_track_int

(End of definition for \g__graphics_track_int.)

\__graphics_backend_include_eps:n The special syntax depends on the file type. There is a difference in how PDF graphics
\__graphics_backend_include_ps:n are best handled between dvipdfmx and XETEX: for the latter it is better to use the
\__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n primitive route. The relevant code for that is included later in this file.
\__graphics_backend_include_jpseg:n 1938 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n #1
\__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n 1939 {
\__graphics_backend_include_png:n 1940 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
\__graphics_backend_include_bmp:n 1941 {
\__graphics_backend_include_auxi:nn 1942 PSfile = #1 \c_space_tl
\__graphics_backend_include_auxii:nnn 1943 llx = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_llx_dim \c_space_tl
\__graphics_backend_include_auxii:enn 1944 lly = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_lly_dim \c_space_tl
1945 urx = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_urx_dim \c_space_tl
\__graphics_backend_include_auxiii:nnn

51
1946 ury = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_ury_dim
1947 }
1948 }
1949 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_ps:n \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n
1950 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n #1
1951 { \__graphics_backend_include_auxi:nn {#1} { image } }
1952 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_jpeg:n \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n
1953 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_png:n \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n
1954 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_bmp:n \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n
1955 ⟨∗dvipdfmx⟩
1956 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n #1
1957 { \__graphics_backend_include_auxi:nn {#1} { epdf } }
1958 ⟨/dvipdfmx⟩
Graphic inclusion is set up to use the fact that each image is stored in the PDF as an
XObject. This means that we can include repeated images only once and refer to them.
To allow that, track the nature of each image: much the same as for the direct PDF
mode case.
1959 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_auxi:nn #1#2
1960 {
1961 \__graphics_backend_include_auxii:enn
1962 {
1963 \tl_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
1964 { : \l__graphics_pagebox_tl }
1965 \int_compare:nNnT \l__graphics_page_int > 1
1966 { :P \int_use:N \l__graphics_page_int }
1967 \tl_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_decodearray_str
1968 { :D \l__graphics_decodearray_str }
1969 \bool_if:NT \l__graphics_interpolate_bool
1970 { :I }
1971 }
1972 {#1} {#2}
1973 }
1974 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_auxii:nnn #1#2#3
1975 {
1976 \int_if_exist:cTF { c__graphics_ #2#1 _int }
1977 {
1978 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
1979 { pdf:usexobj~@graphic \int_use:c { c__graphics_ #2#1 _int } }
1980 }
1981 { \__graphics_backend_include_auxiii:nnn {#2} {#1} {#3} }
1982 }
1983 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__graphics_backend_include_auxii:nnn { e }
Inclusion using the specials is relatively straight-forward, but there is one wrinkle. To
get the pagebox correct for PDF graphics in all cases, it is necessary to provide both
that information and the bbox argument: odd things happen otherwise!
1984 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_auxiii:nnn #1#2#3
1985 {
1986 \int_gincr:N \g__graphics_track_int
1987 \int_const:cn { c__graphics_ #1#2 _int } { \g__graphics_track_int }
1988 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
1989 {
1990 pdf:#3~

52
 1991 @graphic \int_use:c { c__graphics_ #1#2 _int } ~
1992 \int_compare:nNnT \l__graphics_page_int > 1
1993 { page ~ \int_use:N \l__graphics_page_int \c_space_tl }
1994 \tl_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
1995 {
1996 pagebox ~ \l__graphics_pagebox_tl \c_space_tl
1997 bbox ~
1998 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_llx_dim \c_space_tl
1999 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_lly_dim \c_space_tl
2000 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_urx_dim \c_space_tl
2001 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_ury_dim \c_space_tl
2002 }
2003 (#1)
2004 \bool_lazy_or:nnT
2005 { \l__graphics_interpolate_bool }
2006 { ! \tl_if_empty_p:N \l__graphics_decodearray_str }
2007 {
2008 <<
2009 \tl_if_empty:NF \l__graphics_decodearray_str
2010 { /Decode~[ \l__graphics_decodearray_str ] }
2011 \bool_if:NT \l__graphics_interpolate_bool
2012 { /Interpolate~true }
2013 >>
2014 }
2015 }
2016 }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n and others.)

\__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n
2017 ⟨∗dvipdfmx⟩
2018 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
2019 { \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n \__graphics_get_pagecount:n }
2020 ⟨/dvipdfmx⟩

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n.)

2021 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

5.4 XETEX backend

2022 ⟨∗xetex⟩
\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n For XETEX, there are two primitives that allow us to obtain the bounding box without
\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n needing extractbb. The only complexity is passing the various minor variations to
\__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n a common core process. The XETEX primitive omits the text box from the page box
\__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n specification, so there is also some “trimming” to do here.
\__graphics_backend_getbb_bmp:n 2023 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n #1
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:nN 2024 {
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxii:nnN 2025 \int_zero:N \l__graphics_page_int
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxii:VnN 2026 \tl_clear:N \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiii:nNnn 2027 \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:nN {#1} \tex_XeTeXpicfile:D
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiv:nnNnn 2028 }
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiv:VnNnn 2029 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
2030 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxv:nNnn
\__graphics_backend_getbb_auxv:nNnn
\__graphics_backend_getbb_pagebox:w 53
 2031 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_bmp:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
2032 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n #1
2033 {
2034 \tl_clear:N \l__graphics_decodearray_str
2035 \bool_set_false:N \l__graphics_interpolate_bool
2036 \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:nN {#1} \tex_XeTeXpdffile:D
2037 }
2038 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:nN #1#2
2039 {
2040 \int_compare:nNnTF \l__graphics_page_int > 1
2041 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxii:VnN \l__graphics_page_int {#1} #2 }
2042 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiii:nNnn {#1} #2 { :P 1 } { page 1 } }
2043 }
2044 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxii:nnN #1#2#3
2045 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiii:nNnn {#2} #3 { :P #1 } { page #1 } }
2046 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxii:nnN { V }
2047 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiii:nNnn #1#2#3#4
2048 {
2049 \tl_if_empty:NTF \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
2050 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiv:VnNnn \l__graphics_pagebox_tl }
2051 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxv:nNnn }
2052 {#1} #2 {#3} {#4}
2053 }
2054 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiv:nnNnn #1#2#3#4#5
2055 {
2056 \use:e
2057 {
2058 \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxv:nNnn {#2} #3 { : #1 #4 }
2059 {
2060 #5
2061 \tl_if_blank:nF {#1}
2062 { \c_space_tl \__graphics_backend_getbb_pagebox:w #1 }
2063 }
2064 }
2065 }
2066 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxiv:nnNnn { V }
2067 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxv:nNnn #1#2#3#4
2068 {
2069 \__graphics_bb_restore:nF {#1#3}
2070 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxvi:nNnn {#1} #2 {#3} {#4} }
2071 }
2072 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxvi:nNnn #1#2#3#4
2073 {
2074 \hbox_set:Nn \l__graphics_internal_box { #2 #1 ~ #4 }
2075 \dim_set:Nn \l__graphics_urx_dim { \box_wd:N \l__graphics_internal_box }
2076 \dim_set:Nn \l__graphics_ury_dim { \box_ht:N \l__graphics_internal_box }
2077 \__graphics_bb_save:n {#1#3}
2078 }
2079 \cs_new:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_pagebox:w #1 box {#1}

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n and others.)

\__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n For PDF graphics, properly supporting the pagebox concept in XETEX is best done using
the \tex_XeTeXpdffile:D primitive. The syntax here is the same as for the graphic

54
 measurement part, although we know at this stage that there must be some valid setting
for \l__graphics_pagebox_tl.
2080 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n #1
2081 {
2082 \tex_XeTeXpdffile:D #1 ~
2083 \int_compare:nNnT \l__graphics_page_int > 0
2084 { page ~ \int_use:N \l__graphics_page_int \c_space_tl }
2085 \exp_after:wN \__graphics_backend_getbb_pagebox:w \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
2086 }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n.)

\__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n Very little to do here other than cover the case of a non-PDF file.
2087 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n #1
2088 {
2089 \int_const:cn { c__graphics_ #1 _pages_int }
2090 {
2091 \int_max:nn
2092 { \int_use:N \tex_XeTeXpdfpagecount:D #1 ~ }
2093 { 1 }
2094 }
2095 }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n.)

2096 ⟨/xetex⟩

5.5 dvisvgm backend

2097 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩
\l_graphics_search_ext_seq
2098 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
2099 {
2100 \seq_set_from_clist:Nn
2101 \l_graphics_search_ext_seq
2102 { .svg , .pdf , .eps , .ps , .png , .jpg , .jpeg }
2103 }

(End of definition for \l_graphics_search_ext_seq. This variable is documented on page ??.)

\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg:n This is relatively similar to reading bounding boxes for .eps files. Life is though made
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxi:nNn more tricky as we cannot pick a single line for the data. So we have to loop until we
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxii:w collect up both height and width. To do that, we can use a marker value. We also have
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxiii:Nw to allow for the default units of the lengths: they are big points and may be omitted.
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxiv:Nw 2104 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg:n #1
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxv:Nw 2105 {
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxvi:Nn 2106 \__graphics_bb_restore:nF {#1}
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxvii:w 2107 {
2108 \ior_open:Nn \l__graphics_internal_ior {#1}
2109 \ior_if_eof:NTF \l__graphics_internal_ior
2110 { \msg_error:nnn { graphics } { graphic-not-found } {#1} }
2111 {
2112 \dim_zero:N \l__graphics_llx_dim
2113 \dim_zero:N \l__graphics_lly_dim

55
2114 \dim_set:Nn \l__graphics_urx_dim { -\c_max_dim }
2115 \dim_set:Nn \l__graphics_ury_dim { -\c_max_dim }
2116 \ior_str_map_inline:Nn \l__graphics_internal_ior
2117 {
2118 \dim_compare:nNnT \l__graphics_urx_dim = { -\c_max_dim }
2119 {
2120 \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxi:nNn
2121 { width } \l__graphics_urx_dim {##1}
2122 }
2123 \dim_compare:nNnT \l__graphics_ury_dim = { -\c_max_dim }
2124 {
2125 \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxi:nNn
2126 { height } \l__graphics_ury_dim {##1}
2127 }
2128 \bool_lazy_and:nnF
2129 { \dim_compare_p:nNn \l__graphics_urx_dim = { -\c_max_dim } }
2130 { \dim_compare_p:nNn \l__graphics_ury_dim = { -\c_max_dim } }
2131 { \ior_map_break: }
2132 }
2133 \__graphics_bb_save:n {#1}
2134 }
2135 \ior_close:N \l__graphics_internal_ior
2136 }
2137 }
2138 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxi:nNn #1#2#3
2139 {
2140 \use:e
2141 {
2142 \cs_set_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxii:w
2143 ##1 \tl_to_str:n {#1} = ##2 \tl_to_str:n {#1} = ##3
2144 \s__graphics_stop
2145 }
2146 {
2147 \tl_if_blank:nF {##2}
2148 {
2149 \peek_remove_spaces:n
2150 {
2151 \peek_meaning:NTF ’ % ’
2152 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxiii:Nw #2 }
2153 {
2154 \peek_meaning:NTF " % "
2155 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxiv:Nw #2 }
2156 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxv:Nw #2 }
2157 }
2158 }
2159 ##2 \s__graphics_stop
2160 }
2161 }
2162 \use:e
2163 {
2164 \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxii:w #3
2165 \tl_to_str:n {#1} = \tl_to_str:n {#1} =
2166 \s__graphics_stop
2167 }

56
 2168 }
2169 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxii:w { }
2170 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxiii:Nw #1 ’ #2 ’ #3 \s__graphics_stop
2171 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxvi:Nn #1 {#2} }
2172 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxiv:Nw #1 " #2 " #3 \s__graphics_stop
2173 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxvi:Nn #1 {#2} }
2174 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxv:Nw #1 #2 ~ #3 \s__graphics_stop
2175 { \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxvi:Nn #1 {#2} }
2176 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxvi:Nn #1#2
2177 {
2178 \tex_afterassignment:D \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxvii:w
2179 \l__graphics_internal_dim #2 bp \scan_stop:
2180 \dim_set_eq:NN #1 \l__graphics_internal_dim
2181 }
2182 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_auxvii:w #1 \scan_stop: { }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_svg:n and others.)

\__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n Simply use the generic function.

\__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n 2183 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
2184 {
2185 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n \__graphics_read_bb:n
2186 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n \__graphics_read_bb:n
2187 }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n and \__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n.)

\__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n These can be included by extracting the bounding box data.

\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n 2188 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n #1
\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n 2189 {
2190 \int_zero:N \l__graphics_page_int
2191 \tl_clear:N \l__graphics_pagebox_tl
2192 \__graphics_extract_bb:n {#1}
2193 }
2194 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n
2195 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n , \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n , and \_-

_graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n.)

\__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n Same as for dvipdfmx: use the generic function

2196 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n #1
2197 {
2198 \tl_clear:N \l__graphics_decodearray_str
2199 \bool_set_false:N \l__graphics_interpolate_bool
2200 \__graphics_extract_bb:n {#1}
2201 }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n.)

\__graphics_backend_include_eps:n The special syntax is relatively clear here: remember we need PostScript sizes here. (This
\__graphics_backend_include_ps:n is the same as the dvips code.)
\__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n 2202 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n #1
\__graphics_backend_include:nn 2203 { \__graphics_backend_include:nn { PSfile } {#1} }
2204 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_ps:n \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n

57
 2205 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_pdf:n #1
2206 { \__graphics_backend_include:nn { pdffile } {#1} }
2207 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include:nn #1#2
2208 {
2209 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
2210 {
2211 #1 = #2 \c_space_tl
2212 llx = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_llx_dim \c_space_tl
2213 lly = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_lly_dim \c_space_tl
2214 urx = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_urx_dim \c_space_tl
2215 ury = \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n \l__graphics_ury_dim
2216 }
2217 }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_include_eps:n and others.)

\__graphics_backend_include_svg:n The backend here has built-in support for basic graphic inclusion (see dvisvgm.def for a
\__graphics_backend_include_png:n more complex approach, needed if clipping, etc., is covered at the graphic backend level).
\__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n We have to deal with the fact that the image reference point is at the top, so there is a
\__graphics_backend_include_jpeg:n need for a vertical shift to put it in the right place. The other issue is that #1 must be
\__graphics_backend_include_dequote:w quote-corrected. The dvisvgm:img operation quotes the file name, but if it is already
quoted (contains spaces) then we have an issue: we simply strip off any quotes as a result.
2218 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_svg:n #1
2219 {
2220 \box_move_up:nn { \l__graphics_ury_dim }
2221 {
2222 \hbox:n
2223 {
2224 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
2225 {
2226 dvisvgm:img~
2227 \dim_to_decimal:n { \l__graphics_urx_dim } ~
2228 \dim_to_decimal:n { \l__graphics_ury_dim } ~
2229 \__graphics_backend_include_dequote:w #1 " #1 " \s__graphics_stop
2230 }
2231 }
2232 }
2233 }
2234 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_png:n \__graphics_backend_include_svg:n
2235 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_jpeg:n \__graphics_backend_include_svg:n
2236 \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_include_jpg:n \__graphics_backend_include_svg:n
2237 \cs_new:Npn \__graphics_backend_include_dequote:w #1 " #2 " #3 \s__graphics_stop
2238 {#2}

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_include_svg:n and others.)

\__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n
2239 \__graphics_backend_loaded:n
2240 { \cs_new_eq:NN \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n \__graphics_get_pagecount:n }

(End of definition for \__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n.)

2241 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
2242 ⟨/package⟩

58
 6 l3backend-pdf implementation
2243 ⟨∗package⟩
2244 ⟨@@=pdf⟩
Setting up PDF resources is a complex area with only limited documentation in
the engine manuals. The following code builds heavily on existing ideas from hyperref
work by Sebastian Rahtz and Heiko Oberdiek, and significant contributions by Alexander
Grahn, in addition to the specific code referenced a various points.
6.1 Shared code
A very small number of items that belong at the backend level but which are common
to most backends.
2245 ⟨∗!dvisvgm⟩

\l__pdf_internal_box
2246 \box_new:N \l__pdf_internal_box

(End of definition for \l__pdf_internal_box.)

2247 ⟨/!dvisvgm⟩

6.2 dvips backend

2248 ⟨∗dvips⟩
\__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n Used often enough it should be a separate function.
\__pdf_backend_pdfmark:e 2249 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n #1
2250 { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { mark #1 ~ pdfmark } }
2251 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n { e }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n.)

6.2.1 Catalogue entries

\__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn
\__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn 2252 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn #1#2
2253 { \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n { { Catalog } << /#1 ~ #2 >> /PUT } }
2254 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn #1#2
2255 { \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n { /#1 ~ #2 /DOCINFO } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn and \__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn.)

6.2.2 Objects
\g__pdf_backend_object_int For tracking objects.
2256 \int_new:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_object_int.)

59
\__pdf_backend_object_new:n
\__pdf_backend_object_ref:n 2257 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_new:n #1
2258 {
2259 \int_gincr:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2260 \int_const:cn
2261 { c__pdf_object_ \tl_to_str:n {#1} _int }
2262 { \g__pdf_backend_object_int }
2263 }
2264 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n #1
2265 { { pdf.obj \int_use:c { c__pdf_object_ \tl_to_str:n {#1} _int } } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_new:n and \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n.)

\__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn This is where we choose the actual type: some work to get things right. To allow code
\__pdf_backend_object_write:nne sharing with the anonymous version, we use an auxiliary.
\__pdf_backend_object_write_aux:nnn 2266 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn #1#2#3
\__pdf_backend_object_write_array:nn 2267 {
\__pdf_backend_object_write_dict:nn 2268 \__pdf_backend_object_write_aux:nnn
\__pdf_backend_object_write_fstream:nn 2269 { \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n {#1} }
\__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nn 2270 {#2} {#3}
\__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nnn 2271 }
2272 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn { nne }
2273 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_aux:nnn #1#2#3
2274 {
2275 \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:e
2276 {
2277 /_objdef ~ #1
2278 /type
2279 \str_case:nn {#2}
2280 {
2281 { array } { /array }
2282 { dict } { /dict }
2283 { fstream } { /stream }
2284 { stream } { /stream }
2285 }
2286 /OBJ
2287 }
2288 \use:c { __pdf_backend_object_write_ #2 :nn } {#1} {#3}
2289 }
2290 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_array:nn #1#2
2291 {
2292 \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:e
2293 { #1 ~0~ [ ~ \exp_not:n {#2} ~ ] ~ /PUTINTERVAL }
2294 }
2295 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_dict:nn #1#2
2296 {
2297 \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:e
2298 { #1 << \exp_not:n {#2} >> /PUT }
2299 }
2300 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_fstream:nn #1#2
2301 {
2302 \exp_args:Ne
2303 \__pdf_backend_object_write_fstream:nnn {#1} #2
2304 }

60
 2305 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_fstream:nnn #1#2#3
2306 {
2307 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n
2308 {
2309 SDict ~ begin ~
2310 mark ~ #1 ~ << #2 >> /PUT ~ pdfmark ~
2311 mark ~ #1 ~ ( #3 )~ ( r )~ file ~ /PUT ~ pdfmark ~
2312 end
2313 }
2314 }
2315 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nn #1#2
2316 {
2317 \exp_args:Ne
2318 \__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nnn {#1} #2
2319 }
2320 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nnn #1#2#3
2321 {
2322 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n
2323 {
2324 mark ~ #1 ~ ( #3 ) /PUT ~ pdfmark ~
2325 mark ~ #1 ~ << #2 >> /PUT ~ pdfmark
2326 }
2327 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn and others.)

\__pdf_backend_object_now:nn No anonymous objects, so things are done manually.

\__pdf_backend_object_now:ne 2328 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn #1#2
2329 {
2330 \int_gincr:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2331 \__pdf_backend_object_write_aux:nnn
2332 { { pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int } }
2333 {#1} {#2}
2334 }
2335 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn { ne }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn.)

\__pdf_backend_object_last: Much like the annotation version.

2336 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_last:
2337 { { pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_last:.)

\__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n Page references are easy in dvips.

2338 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n #1
2339 { { Page #1 } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n.)

61
 6.2.3 Annotations
In dvips, annotations have to be constructed manually. As such, we need the object
code above for some definitions.

\l__pdf_backend_content_box The content of an annotation.

2340 \box_new:N \l__pdf_backend_content_box

(End of definition for \l__pdf_backend_content_box.)

\l__pdf_backend_model_box For creating model sizing for links.

2341 \box_new:N \l__pdf_backend_model_box

(End of definition for \l__pdf_backend_model_box.)

\g__pdf_backend_annotation_int Needed as objects which are not annotations could be created.

2342 \int_new:N \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int.)

\__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn Annotations are objects, but we track them separately. Notably, they are not in the
object data lists. Here, to get the co-ordinates of the annotation, we need to have the
data collected at the PostScript level. That requires a bit of box trickery (effectively a
LATEX 2ε picture of zero size). Once the data is collected, use it to set up the annotation
border.
2343 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn #1#2#3#4
2344 {
2345 \exp_args:Nf \__pdf_backend_annotation_aux:nnnn
2346 { \dim_eval:n {#1} } {#2} {#3} {#4}
2347 }
2348 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_annotation_aux:nnnn #1#2#3#4
2349 {
2350 \box_move_down:nn {#3}
2351 { \hbox:n { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { pdf.save.ll } } }
2352 \box_move_up:nn {#2}
2353 {
2354 \hbox:n
2355 {
2356 \__kernel_kern:n {#1}
2357 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { pdf.save.ur }
2358 \__kernel_kern:n { -#1 }
2359 }
2360 }
2361 \int_gincr:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2362 \int_gset_eq:NN \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2363 \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:e
2364 {
2365 /_objdef { pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int }
2366 pdf.rect
2367 #4 ~
2368 /ANN
2369 }
2370 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn.)

62
 \__pdf_backend_annotation_last: Provide the last annotation we created: could get tricky of course if other packages are
loaded.
2371 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_annotation_last:
2372 { { pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_annotation_last:.)

\g__pdf_backend_link_int To track annotations which are links.

2373 \int_new:N \g__pdf_backend_link_int

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_link_int.)

\g__pdf_backend_link_dict_tl To pass information to the end-of-link function.

2374 \tl_new:N \g__pdf_backend_link_dict_tl

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_link_dict_tl.)

\g__pdf_backend_link_sf_int Needed to save/restore space factor, which is needed to deal with the face we need a box.
2375 \int_new:N \g__pdf_backend_link_sf_int

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_link_sf_int.)

\g__pdf_backend_link_math_bool Needed to save/restore math mode.

2376 \bool_new:N \g__pdf_backend_link_math_bool

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_link_math_bool.)

\g__pdf_backend_link_bool Track link formation: we cannot nest at all.

2377 \bool_new:N \g__pdf_backend_link_bool

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_link_bool.)

\l__pdf_breaklink_pdfmark_tl Swappable content for link breaking.

2378 \tl_new:N \l__pdf_breaklink_pdfmark_tl
2379 \tl_set:Nn \l__pdf_breaklink_pdfmark_tl { pdfmark }

(End of definition for \l__pdf_breaklink_pdfmark_tl.)

\__pdf_breaklink_postscript:n To allow dropping material unless link breaking is active.

2380 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_breaklink_postscript:n #1 { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_breaklink_postscript:n.)

\__pdf_breaklink_usebox:N Swappable box unpacking or use.

2381 \cs_new_eq:NN \__pdf_breaklink_usebox:N \box_use:N

(End of definition for \__pdf_breaklink_usebox:N.)

63
 \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw Links are crated like annotations but with dedicated code to allow for adjusting the size
\__pdf_backend_link_begin_user:nnw of the rectangle. In contrast to hyperref, we grab the link content as a box which can
\__pdf_backend_link:nw then unbox: this allows the same interface as for pdfTEX.
\__pdf_backend_link_aux:nw Notice that the link setup here uses /Action not /A. That is because Distiller requires
\__pdf_backend_link_end: this trigger word, rather than a “raw” PDF dictionary key (Ghostscript can handle either
\__pdf_backend_link_end_aux: form).
\__pdf_backend_link_minima: Taking the idea of evenboxes from hypdvips, we implement a minimum box height
\__pdf_backend_link_outerbox:n and depth for link placement. This means that “underlining” with a hyperlink will
\__pdf_backend_link_sf_save: generally give an even appearance. However, to ensure that the full content is always
\__pdf_backend_link_sf_restore: above the link border, we do not allow this to be negative (contrast hypdvips approach).
pdf.linkdp.pad The result should be similar to pdfTEX in the vast majority of foreseeable cases.
pdf.linkht.pad The object number for a link is saved separately from the rest of the dictionary as
pdf.llx this allows us to insert it just once, at either an unbroken link or only in the first line of
pdf.lly a broken one. That makes the code clearer but also avoids a low-level PostScript error
pdf.ury with the code as taken from hypdvips.
pdf.link.dict Getting the outer dimensions of the text area may be better using a two-pass ap-
pdf.outerbox proach and \tex_savepos:D. That plus generic mode are still to re-examine.
pdf.baselineskip 2382 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw #1#2
2383 {
2384 \__pdf_backend_link_begin:nw
2385 { #1 /Subtype /Link /Action << /S /GoTo /D ( #2 ) >> }
2386 }
2387 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_user:nnw #1#2
2388 { \__pdf_backend_link_begin:nw {#1#2} }
2389 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin:nw #1
2390 {
2391 \bool_if:NF \g__pdf_backend_link_bool
2392 { \__pdf_backend_link_begin_aux:nw {#1} }
2393 }
The definition of pdf.link.dict here is needed as there is code in the PostScript headers
for breaking links, and that can only work with this available.
2394 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_aux:nw #1
2395 {
2396 \bool_gset_true:N \g__pdf_backend_link_bool
2397 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n
2398 { /pdf.link.dict ( #1 ) def }
2399 \tl_gset:Nn \g__pdf_backend_link_dict_tl {#1}
2400 \__pdf_backend_link_sf_save:
2401 \mode_if_math:TF
2402 { \bool_gset_true:N \g__pdf_backend_link_math_bool }
2403 { \bool_gset_false:N \g__pdf_backend_link_math_bool }
2404 \hbox_set:Nw \l__pdf_backend_content_box
2405 \__pdf_backend_link_sf_restore:
2406 \bool_if:NT \g__pdf_backend_link_math_bool
2407 { \c_math_toggle_token }
2408 }
2409 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_end:
2410 {
2411 \bool_if:NT \g__pdf_backend_link_bool
2412 { \__pdf_backend_link_end_aux: }
2413 }
2414 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_end_aux:

64
2415 {
2416 \bool_if:NT \g__pdf_backend_link_math_bool
2417 { \c_math_toggle_token }
2418 \__pdf_backend_link_sf_save:
2419 \hbox_set_end:
2420 \__pdf_backend_link_minima:
2421 \hbox_set:Nn \l__pdf_backend_model_box { Gg }
2422 \exp_args:Ne \__pdf_backend_link_outerbox:n
2423 {
2424 \int_if_odd:nTF { \value { page } }
2425 { \oddsidemargin }
2426 { \evensidemargin }
2427 }
2428 \box_move_down:nn { \box_dp:N \l__pdf_backend_content_box }
2429 { \hbox:n { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { pdf.save.linkll } } }
2430 \__pdf_breaklink_postscript:n { pdf.bordertracking.begin }
2431 \__pdf_breaklink_usebox:N \l__pdf_backend_content_box
2432 \__pdf_breaklink_postscript:n { pdf.bordertracking.end }
2433 \box_move_up:nn { \box_ht:N \l__pdf_backend_content_box }
2434 {
2435 \hbox:n
2436 { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { pdf.save.linkur } }
2437 }
2438 \int_gincr:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2439 \int_gset_eq:NN \g__pdf_backend_link_int \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2440 \__kernel_backend_postscript:e
2441 {
2442 mark
2443 /_objdef { pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_link_int }
2444 \g__pdf_backend_link_dict_tl \c_space_tl
2445 pdf.rect
2446 /ANN ~ \l__pdf_breaklink_pdfmark_tl
2447 }
2448 \__pdf_backend_link_sf_restore:
2449 \bool_gset_false:N \g__pdf_backend_link_bool
2450 }
2451 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_minima:
2452 {
2453 \hbox_set:Nn \l__pdf_backend_model_box { Gg }
2454 \__kernel_backend_postscript:e
2455 {
2456 /pdf.linkdp.pad ~
2457 \dim_to_decimal:n
2458 {
2459 \dim_max:nn
2460 {
2461 \box_dp:N \l__pdf_backend_model_box
2462 - \box_dp:N \l__pdf_backend_content_box
2463 }
2464 { 0pt }
2465 } ~
2466 pdf.pt.dvi ~ def
2467 /pdf.linkht.pad ~
2468 \dim_to_decimal:n

65
 2469 {
2470 \dim_max:nn
2471 {
2472 \box_ht:N \l__pdf_backend_model_box
2473 - \box_ht:N \l__pdf_backend_content_box
2474 }
2475 { 0pt }
2476 } ~
2477 pdf.pt.dvi ~ def
2478 }
2479 }
2480 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_outerbox:n #1
2481 {
2482 \__kernel_backend_postscript:e
2483 {
2484 /pdf.outerbox
2485 [
2486 \dim_to_decimal:n {#1} ~
2487 \dim_to_decimal:n { -\box_dp:N \l__pdf_backend_model_box } ~
2488 \dim_to_decimal:n { #1 + \textwidth } ~
2489 \dim_to_decimal:n { \box_ht:N \l__pdf_backend_model_box }
2490 ]
2491 [ exch { pdf.pt.dvi } forall ] def
2492 /pdf.baselineskip ~
2493 \dim_to_decimal:n { \tex_baselineskip:D } ~ dup ~ 0 ~ gt
2494 { pdf.pt.dvi ~ def }
2495 { pop ~ pop }
2496 ifelse
2497 }
2498 }
2499 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_sf_save:
2500 {
2501 \int_gset:Nn \g__pdf_backend_link_sf_int
2502 {
2503 \mode_if_horizontal:TF
2504 { \tex_spacefactor:D }
2505 { 0 }
2506 }
2507 }
2508 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_sf_restore:
2509 {
2510 \mode_if_horizontal:T
2511 {
2512 \int_compare:nNnT \g__pdf_backend_link_sf_int > { 0 }
2513 { \int_set_eq:NN \tex_spacefactor:D \g__pdf_backend_link_sf_int }
2514 }
2515 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw and others. These functions are docu-
mented on page ??.)

\@makecol@hook Hooks to allow link breaking: something will be needed in format mode at some stage.
At present this code is disabled as there is an open question about the name of the hook:
to be resolved at the LATEX 2ε end.

66
 2516 \use_none:n
2517 {
2518 \cs_if_exist:NT \@makecol@hook
2519 {
2520 \tl_put_right:Nn \@makecol@hook
2521 {
2522 \box_if_empty:NF \l_shipout_box
2523 {
2524 \vbox_set:Nn \l_shipout_box
2525 {
2526 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n
2527 {
2528 pdf.globaldict /pdf.brokenlink.rect ~ known
2529 { pdf.bordertracking.continue }
2530 if
2531 }
2532 \vbox_unpack_drop:N \l_shipout_box
2533 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n
2534 { pdf.bordertracking.endpage }
2535 }
2536 }
2537 }
2538 \tl_set:Nn \l__pdf_breaklink_pdfmark_tl { pdf.pdfmark }
2539 \cs_set_eq:NN \__pdf_breaklink_postscript:n \__kernel_backend_postscript:n
2540 \cs_set_eq:NN \__pdf_breaklink_usebox:N \hbox_unpack:N
2541 }
2542 }

(End of definition for \@makecol@hook. This function is documented on page ??.)

\__pdf_backend_link_last: The same as annotations, but with a custom integer.

2543 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_last:
2544 { { pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_link_int } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_last:.)

\__pdf_backend_link_margin:n Convert to big points and pass to PostScript.

2545 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_margin:n #1
2546 {
2547 \__kernel_backend_postscript:e
2548 {
2549 /pdf.linkmargin { \dim_to_decimal:n {#1} ~ pdf.pt.dvi } def
2550 }
2551 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_margin:n.)

\__pdf_backend_destination:nn Here, we need to turn the zoom into a scale. We also need to know where the current
\__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn anchor point actually is: worked out in PostScript. For the rectangle version, we have a
\__pdf_backend_destination_aux:nnnn bit more PostScript: we need two points. fitr without rule spec doesn’t work, so it falls
back to /Fit here.
2552 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination:nn #1#2
2553 {
2554 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { pdf.dest.anchor }

67
2555 \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:e
2556 {
2557 /View
2558 [
2559 \str_case:nnF {#2}
2560 {
2561 { xyz } { /XYZ ~ pdf.dest.point ~ null }
2562 { fit } { /Fit }
2563 { fitb } { /FitB }
2564 { fitbh } { /FitBH ~ pdf.dest.y }
2565 { fitbv } { /FitBV ~ pdf.dest.x }
2566 { fith } { /FitH ~ pdf.dest.y }
2567 { fitv } { /FitV ~ pdf.dest.x }
2568 { fitr } { /Fit }
2569 }
2570 {
2571 /XYZ ~ pdf.dest.point ~ \fp_eval:n { (#2) / 100 }
2572 }
2573 ]
2574 /Dest ( \exp_not:n {#1} ) cvn
2575 /DEST
2576 }
2577 }
2578 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn #1#2#3#4
2579 {
2580 \exp_args:Ne \__pdf_backend_destination_aux:nnnn
2581 { \dim_eval:n {#2} } {#1} {#3} {#4}
2582 }
2583 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination_aux:nnnn #1#2#3#4
2584 {
2585 \vbox_to_zero:n
2586 {
2587 \__kernel_kern:n {#4}
2588 \hbox:n { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { pdf.save.ll } }
2589 \tex_vss:D
2590 }
2591 \__kernel_kern:n {#1}
2592 \vbox_to_zero:n
2593 {
2594 \__kernel_kern:n { -#3 }
2595 \hbox:n { \__kernel_backend_postscript:n { pdf.save.ur } }
2596 \tex_vss:D
2597 }
2598 \__kernel_kern:n { -#1 }
2599 \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n
2600 {
2601 /View
2602 [
2603 /FitR ~
2604 pdf.llx ~ pdf.lly ~ pdf.dest2device ~
2605 pdf.urx ~ pdf.ury ~ pdf.dest2device
2606 ]
2607 /Dest ( #2 ) cvn
2608 /DEST

68
 2609 }
2610 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_destination:nn , \__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn , and \__-

pdf_backend_destination_aux:nnnn.)

6.2.4 Structure
\__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n Doable for the usual ps2pdf method.
\__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n 2611 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n #1
2612 {
2613 \int_compare:nNnT {#1} = 0
2614 {
2615 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n
2616 {
2617 /setdistillerparams ~ where
2618 { pop << /CompressPages ~ false >> setdistillerparams }
2619 if
2620 }
2621 }
2622 }
2623 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n #1
2624 {
2625 \bool_if:nF {#1}
2626 {
2627 \__kernel_backend_literal_postscript:n
2628 {
2629 /setdistillerparams ~ where
2630 { pop << /CompressStreams ~ false >> setdistillerparams }
2631 if
2632 }
2633 }
2634 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n and \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n.)

\__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n
\__pdf_backend_version_minor_gset:n 2635 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n #1
2636 {
2637 \cs_gset:Npe \__pdf_backend_version_major: { \int_eval:n {#1} }
2638 }
2639 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_minor_gset:n #1
2640 {
2641 \cs_gset:Npe \__pdf_backend_version_minor: { \int_eval:n {#1} }
2642 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n and \__pdf_backend_version_minor_-

gset:n.)

\__pdf_backend_version_major: Data not available!

\__pdf_backend_version_minor: 2643 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_major: { -1 }
2644 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_minor: { -1 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_version_major: and \__pdf_backend_version_minor:.)

69
 6.2.5 Marked content
\__pdf_backend_bdc:nn Simple wrappers.
\__pdf_backend_emc: 2645 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn #1#2
2646 { \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n { /#1 ~ #2 /BDC } }
2647 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_emc:
2648 { \__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n { /EMC } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn and \__pdf_backend_emc:.)

2649 ⟨/dvips⟩

6.3 LuaTEX and pdfTEX backend

2650 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
6.3.1 Annotations
\__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn Simply pass the raw data through, just dealing with evaluation of dimensions.
2651 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn #1#2#3#4
2652 {
2653 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2654 \tex_pdfextension:D annot ~
2655 ⟨/luatex⟩
2656 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2657 \tex_pdfannot:D
2658 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2659 width ~ \dim_eval:n {#1} ~
2660 height ~ \dim_eval:n {#2} ~
2661 depth ~ \dim_eval:n {#3} ~
2662 {#4}
2663 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn.)

\__pdf_backend_annotation_last: A tiny amount of extra data gets added here; we use x-type expansion to get the space
in the right place and form. The “extra” space in the LuaTEX version is required as it is
consumed in finding the end of the keyword.
2664 \cs_new:Npe \__pdf_backend_annotation_last:
2665 {
2666 \exp_not:N \int_value:w
2667 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2668 \exp_not:N \tex_pdffeedback:D lastannot ~
2669 ⟨/luatex⟩
2670 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2671 \exp_not:N \tex_pdflastannot:D
2672 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2673 \c_space_tl 0 ~ R
2674 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_annotation_last:.)

\__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw Links are all created using the same internals.

\__pdf_backend_link_begin_user:nnw 2675 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw #1#2
\__pdf_backend_link_begin:nnnw 2676 { \__pdf_backend_link_begin:nnnw {#1} { goto~name } {#2} }
\__pdf_backend_link_end: 2677 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_user:nnw #1#2

70
 2678 { \__pdf_backend_link_begin:nnnw {#1} { user } {#2} }
2679 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin:nnnw #1#2#3
2680 {
2681 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2682 \tex_pdfextension:D startlink ~
2683 ⟨/luatex⟩
2684 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2685 \tex_pdfstartlink:D
2686 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2687 attr {#1}
2688 #2 {#3}
2689 }
2690 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_end:
2691 {
2692 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2693 \tex_pdfextension:D endlink \scan_stop:
2694 ⟨/luatex⟩
2695 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2696 \tex_pdfendlink:D
2697 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2698 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw and others.)

\__pdf_backend_link_last: Formatted for direct use.

2699 \cs_new:Npe \__pdf_backend_link_last:
2700 {
2701 \exp_not:N \int_value:w
2702 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2703 \exp_not:N \tex_pdffeedback:D lastlink ~
2704 ⟨/luatex⟩
2705 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2706 \exp_not:N \tex_pdflastlink:D
2707 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2708 \c_space_tl 0 ~ R
2709 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_last:.)

\__pdf_backend_link_margin:n A simple task: pass the data to the primitive.

2710 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_margin:n #1
2711 {
2712 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2713 \tex_pdfvariable:D linkmargin
2714 ⟨/luatex⟩
2715 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2716 \tex_pdflinkmargin:D
2717 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2718 \dim_eval:n {#1} \scan_stop:
2719 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_margin:n.)

71
 \__pdf_backend_destination:nn A simple task: pass the data to the primitive. The \scan_stop: deals with the danger
\__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn of an unterminated keyword. The zoom given here is a percentage, but we need to pass
it as per mille. The rectangle version is also easy as everything is build in.
2720 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination:nn #1#2
2721 {
2722 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2723 \tex_pdfextension:D dest ~
2724 ⟨/luatex⟩
2725 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2726 \tex_pdfdest:D
2727 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2728 name {#1}
2729 \str_case:nnF {#2}
2730 {
2731 { xyz } { xyz }
2732 { fit } { fit }
2733 { fitb } { fitb }
2734 { fitbh } { fitbh }
2735 { fitbv } { fitbv }
2736 { fith } { fith }
2737 { fitv } { fitv }
2738 { fitr } { fitr }
2739 }
2740 { xyz ~ zoom \fp_eval:n { #2 * 10 } }
2741 \scan_stop:
2742 }
2743 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn #1#2#3#4
2744 {
2745 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2746 \tex_pdfextension:D dest ~
2747 ⟨/luatex⟩
2748 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2749 \tex_pdfdest:D
2750 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2751 name {#1}
2752 fitr ~
2753 width \dim_eval:n {#2} ~
2754 height \dim_eval:n {#3} ~
2755 depth \dim_eval:n {#4} \scan_stop:
2756 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_destination:nn and \__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn.)

6.3.2 Catalogue entries

\__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn
\__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn 2757 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn #1#2
2758 {
2759 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2760 \tex_pdfextension:D catalog
2761 ⟨/luatex⟩
2762 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2763 \tex_pdfcatalog:D
2764 ⟨/pdftex⟩

72
 2765 { / #1 ~ #2 }
2766 }
2767 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn #1#2
2768 {
2769 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2770 \tex_pdfextension:D info
2771 ⟨/luatex⟩
2772 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2773 \tex_pdfinfo:D
2774 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2775 { / #1 ~ #2 }
2776 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn and \__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn.)

6.3.3 Objects
\g__pdf_backend_object_prop For tracking objects to allow finalisation.
2777 \prop_new:N \g__pdf_backend_object_prop

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_object_prop.)

\__pdf_backend_object_new:n Declaring objects means reserving at the PDF level plus starting tracking.
\__pdf_backend_object_ref:n 2778 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_new:n #1
2779 {
2780 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2781 \tex_pdfextension:D obj ~
2782 ⟨/luatex⟩
2783 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2784 \tex_pdfobj:D
2785 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2786 reserveobjnum ~
2787 \int_const:cn
2788 { c__pdf_object_ \tl_to_str:n {#1} _int }
2789 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2790 { \tex_pdffeedback:D lastobj }
2791 ⟨/luatex⟩
2792 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2793 { \tex_pdflastobj:D }
2794 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2795 }
2796 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n #1
2797 { \int_use:c { c__pdf_object_ \tl_to_str:n {#1} _int } ~ 0 ~ R }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_new:n and \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n.)

\__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn Writing the data needs a little information about the structure of the object.
\__pdf_backend_object_write:nne 2798 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn #1#2#3
\__pdf_backend_object_write:nn 2799 {
\__pdf_exp_not_i:nn 2800 ⟨∗luatex⟩
\__pdf_exp_not_ii:nn 2801 \tex_immediate:D \tex_pdfextension:D obj ~
2802 ⟨/luatex⟩
2803 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2804 \tex_immediate:D \tex_pdfobj:D
2805 ⟨/pdftex⟩

73
 2806 useobjnum ~
2807 \int_use:c
2808 { c__pdf_object_ \tl_to_str:n {#1} _int }
2809 \__pdf_backend_object_write:nn {#2} {#3}
2810 }
2811 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nn #1#2
2812 {
2813 \str_case:nn {#1}
2814 {
2815 { array } { { [ ~ \exp_not:n {#2} ~ ] } }
2816 { dict } { { << ~ \exp_not:n {#2} ~ >> } }
2817 { fstream }
2818 {
2819 stream ~ attr ~ { \__pdf_exp_not_i:nn #2 } ~
2820 file ~ { \__pdf_exp_not_ii:nn #2 }
2821 }
2822 { stream }
2823 {
2824 stream ~ attr ~ { \__pdf_exp_not_i:nn #2 } ~
2825 { \__pdf_exp_not_ii:nn #2 }
2826 }
2827 }
2828 }
2829 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn { nne }
2830 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_exp_not_i:nn #1#2 { \exp_not:n {#1} }
2831 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_exp_not_ii:nn #1#2 { \exp_not:n {#2} }
(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn and others.)

\__pdf_backend_object_now:nn Much like writing, but direct creation.

\__pdf_backend_object_now:ne 2832 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn #1#2
2833 {
2834 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2835 \tex_immediate:D \tex_pdfextension:D obj ~
2836 ⟨/luatex⟩
2837 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2838 \tex_immediate:D \tex_pdfobj:D
2839 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2840 \__pdf_backend_object_write:nn {#1} {#2}
2841 }
2842 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn { ne }
(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn.)

\__pdf_backend_object_last: Much like annotation.

2843 \cs_new:Npe \__pdf_backend_object_last:
2844 {
2845 \exp_not:N \int_value:w
2846 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2847 \exp_not:N \tex_pdffeedback:D lastobj ~
2848 ⟨/luatex⟩
2849 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2850 \exp_not:N \tex_pdflastobj:D
2851 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2852 \c_space_tl 0 ~ R

74
 2853 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_last:.)

\__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n The usual wrapper situation; the three spaces here are essential.
2854 \cs_new:Npe \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n #1
2855 {
2856 \exp_not:N \int_value:w
2857 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2858 \exp_not:N \tex_pdffeedback:D pageref
2859 ⟨/luatex⟩
2860 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2861 \exp_not:N \tex_pdfpageref:D
2862 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2863 \c_space_tl #1 \c_space_tl \c_space_tl \c_space_tl 0 ~ R
2864 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n.)

6.3.4 Structure
\__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n Simply pass data to the engine.
\__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n 2865 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n #1
\__pdf_backend_objcompresslevel:n 2866 {
2867 \tex_global:D
2868 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2869 \tex_pdfvariable:D compresslevel
2870 ⟨/luatex⟩
2871 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2872 \tex_pdfcompresslevel:D
2873 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2874 \int_value:w \int_eval:n {#1} \scan_stop:
2875 }
2876 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n #1
2877 {
2878 \bool_if:nTF {#1}
2879 { \__pdf_backend_objcompresslevel:n { 2 } }
2880 { \__pdf_backend_objcompresslevel:n { 0 } }
2881 }
2882 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_objcompresslevel:n #1
2883 {
2884 \tex_global:D
2885 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2886 \tex_pdfvariable:D objcompresslevel
2887 ⟨/luatex⟩
2888 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2889 \tex_pdfobjcompresslevel:D
2890 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2891 #1 \scan_stop:
2892 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n , \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n , and

\__pdf_backend_objcompresslevel:n.)

75
\__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n The availability of the primitive is not universal, so we have to test at load time.
\__pdf_backend_version_minor_gset:n 2893 \cs_new_protected:Npe \__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n #1
2894 {
2895 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2896 \int_compare:nNnT \tex_luatexversion:D > { 106 }
2897 {
2898 \exp_not:N \tex_global:D \tex_pdfvariable:D majorversion
2899 \exp_not:N \int_eval:n {#1} \scan_stop:
2900 }
2901 ⟨/luatex⟩
2902 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2903 \cs_if_exist:NT \tex_pdfmajorversion:D
2904 {
2905 \exp_not:N \tex_global:D \tex_pdfmajorversion:D
2906 \exp_not:N \int_eval:n {#1} \scan_stop:
2907 }
2908 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2909 }
2910 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_minor_gset:n #1
2911 {
2912 \tex_global:D
2913 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2914 \tex_pdfvariable:D minorversion
2915 ⟨/luatex⟩
2916 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2917 \tex_pdfminorversion:D
2918 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2919 \int_eval:n {#1} \scan_stop:
2920 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n and \__pdf_backend_version_minor_-

gset:n.)

\__pdf_backend_version_major: As above.
\__pdf_backend_version_minor: 2921 \cs_new:Npe \__pdf_backend_version_major:
2922 {
2923 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2924 \int_compare:nNnTF \tex_luatexversion:D > { 106 }
2925 { \exp_not:N \tex_the:D \tex_pdfvariable:D majorversion }
2926 { 1 }
2927 ⟨/luatex⟩
2928 ⟨∗pdftex⟩
2929 \cs_if_exist:NTF \tex_pdfmajorversion:D
2930 { \exp_not:N \tex_the:D \tex_pdfmajorversion:D }
2931 { 1 }
2932 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2933 }
2934 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_minor:
2935 {
2936 \tex_the:D
2937 ⟨∗luatex⟩
2938 \tex_pdfvariable:D minorversion
2939 ⟨/luatex⟩
2940 ⟨∗pdftex⟩

76
 2941 \tex_pdfminorversion:D
2942 ⟨/pdftex⟩
2943 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_version_major: and \__pdf_backend_version_minor:.)

6.3.5 Marked content

\__pdf_backend_bdc:nn Simple wrappers. May need refinement: see https://chat.stackexchange.com/
\__pdf_backend_emc: transcript/message/49970158#49970158.
2944 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn #1#2
2945 { \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n { /#1 ~ #2 ~ BDC } }
2946 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_emc:
2947 { \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n { EMC } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn and \__pdf_backend_emc:.)

2948 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩

6.4 dvipdfmx backend

2949 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
\__pdf_backend:n A generic function for the backend PDF specials: used where we can.
\__pdf_backend:e 2950 \cs_new_protected:Npe \__pdf_backend:n #1
2951 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { pdf: #1 } }
2952 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__pdf_backend:n { e }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend:n.)

6.4.1 Catalogue entries

\__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn
\__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn 2953 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn #1#2
2954 { \__pdf_backend:n { put ~ @catalog << /#1 ~ #2 >> } }
2955 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn #1#2
2956 { \__pdf_backend:n { docinfo << /#1 ~ #2 >> } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn and \__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn.)

6.4.2 Objects
\g__pdf_backend_object_int For tracking objects to allow finalisation.
\g__pdf_backend_object_prop 2957 \int_new:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2958 \prop_new:N \g__pdf_backend_object_prop

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_object_int and \g__pdf_backend_object_prop.)

\__pdf_backend_object_new:n Objects are tracked at the macro level, but we don’t have to do anything at this stage.
\__pdf_backend_object_ref:n 2959 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_new:n #1
2960 {
2961 \int_gincr:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2962 \int_const:cn
2963 { c__pdf_object_ \tl_to_str:n {#1} _int }
2964 { \g__pdf_backend_object_int }

77
 2965 }
2966 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n #1
2967 { @pdf.obj \int_use:c { c__pdf_object_ \tl_to_str:n {#1} _int } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_new:n and \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n.)

\__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn This is where we choose the actual type.

\__pdf_backend_object_write:nne 2968 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn #1#2#3
\__pdf_backend_object_write_array:nn 2969 {
\__pdf_backend_object_write_dict:nn 2970 \use:c { __pdf_backend_object_write_ #2 :nn }
\__pdf_backend_object_write_fstream:nn 2971 { \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n {#1} } {#3}
\__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nn 2972 }
\__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nnnn 2973 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn { nne }
2974 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_array:nn #1#2
2975 {
2976 \__pdf_backend:e
2977 { obj ~ #1 ~ [ ~ \exp_not:n {#2} ~ ] }
2978 }
2979 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_dict:nn #1#2
2980 {
2981 \__pdf_backend:e
2982 { obj ~ #1 ~ << ~ \exp_not:n {#2} ~ >> }
2983 }
2984 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_fstream:nn #1#2
2985 { \__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nnnn { f } {#1} #2 }
2986 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nn #1#2
2987 { \__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nnnn { } {#1} #2 }
2988 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write_stream:nnnn #1#2#3#4
2989 {
2990 \__pdf_backend:e
2991 {
2992 #1 stream ~ #2 ~
2993 ( \exp_not:n {#4} ) ~ << \exp_not:n {#3} >>
2994 }
2995 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn and others.)

\__pdf_backend_object_now:nn No anonymous objects with dvipdfmx so we have to give an object name.

\__pdf_backend_object_now:ne 2996 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn #1#2
2997 {
2998 \int_gincr:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int
2999 \exp_args:Nne \use:c { __pdf_backend_object_write_ #1 :nn }
3000 { @pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int }
3001 {#2}
3002 }
3003 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn { ne }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn.)

\__pdf_backend_object_last:
3004 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_last:
3005 { @pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_last:.)

78
 \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n Page references are easy in dvipdfmx/XETEX.
3006 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n #1
3007 { @page #1 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n.)

6.4.3 Annotations
\g__pdf_backend_annotation_int Needed as objects which are not annotations could be created.
3008 \int_new:N \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int.)

\__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn Simply pass the raw data through, just dealing with evaluation of dimensions.
3009 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn #1#2#3#4
3010 {
3011 \int_gincr:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int
3012 \int_gset_eq:NN \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int \g__pdf_backend_object_int
3013 \__pdf_backend:e
3014 {
3015 ann ~ @pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_object_int \c_space_tl
3016 width ~ \dim_eval:n {#1} ~
3017 height ~ \dim_eval:n {#2} ~
3018 depth ~ \dim_eval:n {#3} ~
3019 << /Type /Annot #4 >>
3020 }
3021 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn.)

\__pdf_backend_annotation_last:
3022 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_annotation_last:
3023 { @pdf.obj \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_annotation_last:.)

\g__pdf_backend_link_int To track annotations which are links.

3024 \int_new:N \g__pdf_backend_link_int

(End of definition for \g__pdf_backend_link_int.)

\__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw All created using the same internals.

\__pdf_backend_link_begin_user:nnw 3025 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw #1#2
\__pdf_backend_link_begin:n 3026 { \__pdf_backend_link_begin:n { #1 /Subtype /Link /A << /S /GoTo /D ( #2 ) >> } }
\__pdf_backend_link_end: 3027 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_user:nnw #1#2
3028 { \__pdf_backend_link_begin:n {#1#2} }
3029 \cs_new_protected:Npe \__pdf_backend_link_begin:n #1
3030 {
3031 \exp_not:N \int_gincr:N \exp_not:N \g__pdf_backend_link_int
3032 \__pdf_backend:e
3033 {
3034 bann ~
3035 @pdf.lnk
3036 \exp_not:N \int_use:N \exp_not:N \g__pdf_backend_link_int
3037 \c_space_tl

79
 3038 <<
3039 /Type /Annot
3040 #1
3041 >>
3042 }
3043 }
3044 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_end:
3045 { \__pdf_backend:n { eann } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw and others.)

\__pdf_backend_link_last: Available using the backend mechanism with a suitably-recent version.

3046 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_last:
3047 { @pdf.lnk \int_use:N \g__pdf_backend_link_int }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_last:.)

\__pdf_backend_link_margin:n Pass to dvipdfmx.

3048 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_margin:n #1
3049 { \__kernel_backend_literal:e { dvipdfmx:config~g~ \dim_eval:n {#1} } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_margin:n.)

\__pdf_backend_destination:nn Here, we need to turn the zoom into a scale. The method for FitR is from Alexander
\__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn Grahn: the idea is to avoid needing to do any calculations in TEX by using the backend
\__pdf_backend_destination_aux:nnnn data for @xpos and @ypos. /FitR without rule spec doesn’t work, so it falls back to /Fit
here.
3050 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination:nn #1#2
3051 {
3052 \__pdf_backend:e
3053 {
3054 dest ~ ( \exp_not:n {#1} )
3055 [
3056 @thispage
3057 \str_case:nnF {#2}
3058 {
3059 { xyz } { /XYZ ~ @xpos ~ @ypos ~ null }
3060 { fit } { /Fit }
3061 { fitb } { /FitB }
3062 { fitbh } { /FitBH }
3063 { fitbv } { /FitBV ~ @xpos }
3064 { fith } { /FitH ~ @ypos }
3065 { fitv } { /FitV ~ @xpos }
3066 { fitr } { /Fit }
3067 }
3068 { /XYZ ~ @xpos ~ @ypos ~ \fp_eval:n { (#2) / 100 } }
3069 ]
3070 }
3071 }
3072 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn #1#2#3#4
3073 {
3074 \exp_args:Ne \__pdf_backend_destination_aux:nnnn
3075 { \dim_eval:n {#2} } {#1} {#3} {#4}
3076 }

80
 3077 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination_aux:nnnn #1#2#3#4
3078 {
3079 \vbox_to_zero:n
3080 {
3081 \__kernel_kern:n {#4}
3082 \hbox:n
3083 {
3084 \__pdf_backend:n { obj ~ @pdf_ #2 _llx ~ @xpos }
3085 \__pdf_backend:n { obj ~ @pdf_ #2 _lly ~ @ypos }
3086 }
3087 \tex_vss:D
3088 }
3089 \__kernel_kern:n {#1}
3090 \vbox_to_zero:n
3091 {
3092 \__kernel_kern:n { -#3 }
3093 \hbox:n
3094 {
3095 \__pdf_backend:n
3096 {
3097 dest ~ (#2)
3098 [
3099 @thispage
3100 /FitR ~
3101 @pdf_ #2 _llx ~ @pdf_ #2 _lly ~
3102 @xpos ~ @ypos
3103 ]
3104 }
3105 }
3106 \tex_vss:D
3107 }
3108 \__kernel_kern:n { -#1 }
3109 }
(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_destination:nn , \__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn , and \__-
pdf_backend_destination_aux:nnnn.)

6.4.4 Structure
\__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n Pass data to the backend: these are a one-shot.
\__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n 3110 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n #1
3111 { \__kernel_backend_literal:e { dvipdfmx:config~z~ \int_eval:n {#1} } }
3112 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n #1
3113 {
3114 \bool_if:nF {#1}
3115 { \__kernel_backend_literal:n { dvipdfmx:config~C~0x40 } }
3116 }
(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n and \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n.)

\__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n We start with the assumption that the default is active.

\__pdf_backend_version_minor_gset:n 3117 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n #1
3118 {
3119 \cs_gset:Npe \__pdf_backend_version_major: { \int_eval:n {#1} }
3120 \__kernel_backend_literal:e { pdf:majorversion~ \__pdf_backend_version_major: }

81
 3121 }
3122 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_minor_gset:n #1
3123 {
3124 \cs_gset:Npe \__pdf_backend_version_minor: { \int_eval:n {#1} }
3125 \__kernel_backend_literal:e { pdf:minorversion~ \__pdf_backend_version_minor: }
3126 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n and \__pdf_backend_version_minor_-

gset:n.)

\__pdf_backend_version_major: We start with the assumption that the default is active.

\__pdf_backend_version_minor: 3127 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_major: { 1 }
3128 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_minor: { 5 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_version_major: and \__pdf_backend_version_minor:.)

6.4.5 Marked content

\__pdf_backend_bdc:nn Simple wrappers. May need refinement: see https://chat.stackexchange.com/
\__pdf_backend_emc: transcript/message/49970158#49970158.
3129 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn #1#2
3130 { \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n { /#1 ~ #2 ~ BDC } }
3131 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_emc:
3132 { \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n { EMC } }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn and \__pdf_backend_emc:.)

3133 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩

6.5 dvisvgm backend

3134 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩
6.5.1 Annotations
\__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn
3135 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn #1#2#3#4 { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn.)

\__pdf_backend_annotation_last:
3136 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_annotation_last: { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_annotation_last:.)

\__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw
\__pdf_backend_link_begin_user:nnw 3137 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw #1#2 { }
\__pdf_backend_link_begin:nnnw 3138 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin_user:nnw #1#2 { }
\__pdf_backend_link_end: 3139 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_begin:nnnw #1#2#3 { }
3140 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_end: { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_begin_goto:nnw and others.)

\__pdf_backend_link_last:
3141 \cs_new:Npe \__pdf_backend_link_last: { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_last:.)

82
\__pdf_backend_link_margin:n A simple task: pass the data to the primitive.
3142 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_link_margin:n #1 { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_link_margin:n.)

\__pdf_backend_destination:nn
\__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn 3143 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination:nn #1#2 { }
3144 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn #1#2#3#4 { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_destination:nn and \__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn.)

6.5.2 Catalogue entries

\__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn No-op.
\__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn 3145 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn #1#2 { }
3146 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn #1#2 { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn and \__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn.)

6.5.3 Objects
\__pdf_backend_object_new:n All no-ops here.
\__pdf_backend_object_ref:n 3147 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_new:nn #1 { }
\__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn 3148 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n #1 { }
\__pdf_backend_object_write:ne 3149 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn #1#2#3 { }
\__pdf_backend_object_now:nn 3150 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_write:nne #1#2#3 { }
\__pdf_backend_object_now:ne 3151 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn #1#2 { }
\__pdf_backend_object_last: 3152 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_now:ne #1#2 { }
\__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n 3153 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_object_last: { }
3154 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n #1 { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_object_new:n and others.)

6.5.4 Structure
\__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n These are all no-ops.
\__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n 3155 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n #1 { }
3156 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n #1 { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n and \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n.)

\__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n Data not available!

\__pdf_backend_version_minor_gset:n 3157 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n #1 { }
3158 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_minor_gset:n #1 { }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_version_major_gset:n and \__pdf_backend_version_minor_-

gset:n.)

\__pdf_backend_version_major: Data not available!

\__pdf_backend_version_minor: 3159 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_major: { -1 }
3160 \cs_new:Npn \__pdf_backend_version_minor: { -1 }

(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_version_major: and \__pdf_backend_version_minor:.)

83
\__pdf_backend_bdc:nn More no-ops.
\__pdf_backend_emc: 3161 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn #1#2 { }
3162 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_emc: { }
(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn and \__pdf_backend_emc:.)
3163 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩

6.6 PDF Page size (media box)

For setting the media box, the split between backends is somewhat different to other
areas, thus we approach this separately. The code here assumes a recent LATEX 2ε : that
is ensured at the level above.
3164 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | dvips⟩

\__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn This is done as a backend literal, so we deal with it using the shipout hook.
3165 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn #1#2
3166 {
3167 \__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n
3168 {
3169 \__kernel_backend_literal:e
3170 {
3171 ⟨∗dvipdfmx⟩
3172 pdf:pagesize ~
3173 width ~ \dim_eval:n {#1} ~
3174 height ~ \dim_eval:n {#2}
3175 ⟨/dvipdfmx⟩
3176 ⟨∗dvips⟩
3177 papersize = \dim_eval:n {#1} , \dim_eval:n {#2}
3178 ⟨/dvips⟩
3179 }
3180 }
3181 }
(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn.)
3182 ⟨/dvipdfmx | dvips⟩
3183 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex | xetex⟩

\__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn Pass to the primitives.

3184 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn #1#2
3185 {
3186 \dim_gset:Nn \tex_pagewidth:D {#1}
3187 \dim_gset:Nn \tex_pageheight:D {#2}
3188 }
(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn.)
3189 ⟨/luatex | pdftex | xetex⟩
3190 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩

\__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn A no-op.
3191 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn #1#2 { }
(End of definition for \__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn.)
3192 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
3193 ⟨/package⟩

84
 7 l3backend-opacity implementation
3194 ⟨∗package⟩
3195 ⟨@@=opacity⟩
Although opacity is not color, it needs to be managed in a somewhat similar way:
using a dedicated stack if possible. Depending on the backend, that may not be possible.
There is also the need to cover fill/stroke setting as well as more general running opacity.
It is easiest to describe the value used in terms of opacity, although commonly this is
referred to as transparency.
3196 ⟨∗dvips⟩
\__opacity_backend_select:n No stack so set values directly. The need to deal with Distiller and Ghostscript separately
\__opacity_backend_select_aux:n means we use a common auxiliary: the two systems require different PostScript for
\__opacity_backend_fill:n transparency. This is of course not quite as efficient as doing one test for setting all
\__opacity_backend_stroke:n transparency, but it keeps things clearer here. Thanks to Alex Grahn for the detail on
\__opacity_backend:nnn testing for GhostScript.
\__opacity_backend:enn 3197 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_select:n #1
3198 {
3199 \exp_args:Ne \__opacity_backend_select_aux:n
3200 { \fp_eval:n { min(max(0,#1),1) } }
3201 }
3202 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_select_aux:n #1
3203 {
3204 \__opacity_backend:nnn {#1} { fill } { ca }
3205 \__opacity_backend:nnn {#1} { stroke } { CA }
3206 }
3207 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_fill:n #1
3208 {
3209 \__opacity_backend:enn
3210 { \fp_eval:n { min(max(0,#1),1) } }
3211 { fill }
3212 { ca }
3213 }
3214 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_stroke:n #1
3215 {
3216 \__opacity_backend:enn
3217 { \fp_eval:n { min(max(0,#1),1) } }
3218 { stroke }
3219 { CA }
3220 }
3221 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend:nnn #1#2#3
3222 {
3223 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n
3224 {
3225 product ~ (Ghostscript) ~ search
3226 {
3227 pop ~ pop ~ pop ~
3228 #1 ~ .set #2 constantalpha
3229 }
3230 {
3231 pop ~
3232 mark ~
3233 /#3 ~ #1

85
 3234 /SetTransparency ~
3235 pdfmark
3236 }
3237 ifelse
3238 }
3239 }
3240 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__opacity_backend:nnn { e }

(End of definition for \__opacity_backend_select:n and others.)

3241 ⟨/dvips⟩
3242 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | luatex | pdftex | xetex⟩

\c__opacity_backend_stack_int Set up a stack, where that is applicable.

3243 \bool_lazy_and:nnT
3244 { \cs_if_exist_p:N \pdfmanagement_if_active_p: }
3245 { \pdfmanagement_if_active_p:}
3246 {
3247 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
3248 \__kernel_color_backend_stack_init:Nnn \c__opacity_backend_stack_int
3249 { page ~ direct } { /opacity 1 ~ gs }
3250 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩
3251 \pdfmanagement_add:nnn { Page / Resources / ExtGState }
3252 { opacity 1 } { << /ca ~ 1 /CA ~ 1 >> }
3253 }

(End of definition for \c__opacity_backend_stack_int.)

\l__opacity_backend_fill_tl We use tl here for speed: at the backend, this should be reasonable.
\l__opacity_backend_stroke_tl 3254 \tl_new:N \l__opacity_backend_fill_tl
3255 \tl_new:N \l__opacity_backend_stroke_tl

(End of definition for \l__opacity_backend_fill_tl and \l__opacity_backend_stroke_tl.)

\__opacity_backend_select:n Other than the need to evaluate the opacity as an fp, much the same as color.
\__opacity_backend_select_aux:n 3256 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_select:n #1
\__opacity_backend_reset: 3257 {
3258 \exp_args:Ne \__opacity_backend_select_aux:n
3259 { \fp_eval:n { min(max(0,#1),1) } }
3260 }
3261 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_select_aux:n #1
3262 {
3263 \tl_set:Nn \l__opacity_backend_fill_tl {#1}
3264 \tl_set:Nn \l__opacity_backend_stroke_tl {#1}
3265 \pdfmanagement_add:nnn { Page / Resources / ExtGState }
3266 { opacity #1 }
3267 { << /ca ~ #1 /CA ~ #1 >> }
3268 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
3269 \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n
3270 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
3271 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
3272 \__kernel_color_backend_stack_push:nn \c__opacity_backend_stack_int
3273 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩
3274 { /opacity #1 ~ gs }
3275 \group_insert_after:N \__opacity_backend_reset:

86
 3276 }
3277 \bool_lazy_and:nnF
3278 { \cs_if_exist_p:N \pdfmanagement_if_active_p: }
3279 { \pdfmanagement_if_active_p:}
3280 {
3281 \cs_gset_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_select_aux:n #1 { }
3282 }
3283 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_reset:
3284 {
3285 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
3286 \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n
3287 { /opacity1 ~ gs }
3288 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
3289 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
3290 \__kernel_color_backend_stack_pop:n \c__opacity_backend_stack_int
3291 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩
3292 }

(End of definition for \__opacity_backend_select:n , \__opacity_backend_select_aux:n , and \__-

opacity_backend_reset:.)

\__opacity_backend_fill:n For separate fill and stroke, we need to work out if we need to do more work or if we can
\__opacity_backend_stroke:n stick to a single setting.
\__opacity_backend_fillstroke:nn 3293 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_fill:n #1
\__opacity_backend_fillstroke:ee 3294 {
3295 \__opacity_backend_fill_stroke:ee
3296 { \fp_eval:n { min(max(0,#1),1) } }
3297 \l__opacity_backend_stroke_tl
3298 }
3299 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_stroke:n #1
3300 {
3301 \__opacity_backend_fill_stroke:ee
3302 \l__opacity_backend_fill_tl
3303 { \fp_eval:n { min(max(0,#1),1) } }
3304 }
3305 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_fill_stroke:nn #1#2
3306 {
3307 \str_if_eq:nnTF {#1} {#2}
3308 { \__opacity_backend_select_aux:n {#1} }
3309 {
3310 \tl_set:Nn \l__opacity_backend_fill_tl {#1}
3311 \tl_set:Nn \l__opacity_backend_stroke_tl {#2}
3312 \pdfmanagement_add:nnn { Page / Resources / ExtGState }
3313 { opacity.fill #1 }
3314 { << /ca ~ #1 >> }
3315 \pdfmanagement_add:nnn { Page / Resources / ExtGState }
3316 { opacity.stroke #1 }
3317 { << /CA ~ #2 >> }
3318 ⟨∗dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
3319 \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n
3320 ⟨/dvipdfmx | xetex⟩
3321 ⟨∗luatex | pdftex⟩
3322 \__kernel_color_backend_stack_push:nn \c__opacity_backend_stack_int
3323 ⟨/luatex | pdftex⟩

87
 3324 { /opacity.fill #1 ~ gs /opacity.stroke #2 ~ gs }
3325 \group_insert_after:N \__opacity_backend_reset:
3326 }
3327 }
3328 \cs_generate_variant:Nn \__opacity_backend_fill_stroke:nn { ee }

(End of definition for \__opacity_backend_fill:n , \__opacity_backend_stroke:n , and \__opacity_-

backend_fillstroke:nn.)
3329 ⟨/dvipdfmx | luatex | pdftex | xetex⟩
3330 ⟨∗dvisvgm⟩

\__opacity_backend_select:n Once again, we use a scope here. There is a general opacity function for SVG, but that
\__opacity_backend_fill:n is of course not set up using the stack.
\__opacity_backend_stroke:n 3331 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_select:n #1
\__opacity_backend:nn 3332 { \__opacity_backend:nn {#1} { } }
3333 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_fill:n #1
3334 { \__opacity_backend:nn {#1} { fill- } }
3335 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend_stroke:n #1
3336 { \__opacity_backend:nn { {#1} } { stroke- } }
3337 \cs_new_protected:Npn \__opacity_backend:nn #1#2
3338 { \__kernel_backend_scope:e { #2 opacity = " \fp_eval:n { min(max(0,#1),1) } " } }

(End of definition for \__opacity_backend_select:n and others.)

3339 ⟨/dvisvgm⟩
3340 ⟨/package⟩

7.1 Font handling integration

In LuaTEX we want to use these functions also for transparent fonts to avoid interference
between both uses of transparency.
3341 ⟨∗lua⟩
First we need to check if pdfmanagement is active from Lua.
3342 local pdfmanagement_active do
3343 local pdfmanagement_if_active_p = token.create’pdfmanagement_if_active_p:’
3344 local cmd = pdfmanagement_if_active_p.cmdname
3345 if cmd == ’undefined_cs’ then
3346 pdfmanagement_active = false
3347 else
3348 token.put_next(pdfmanagement_if_active_p)
3349 pdfmanagement_active = token.scan_int() ~= 0
3350 end
3351 end
3352

3353 if pdfmanagement_active and luaotfload and luaotfload.set_transparent_colorstack then

3354 luaotfload.set_transparent_colorstack(token.create’c__opacity_backend_stack_int’.index)
3355

3356 local transparent_register = {

3357 token.create’pdfmanagement_add:nnn’,
3358 token.new(0, 1),
3359 ’Page/Resources/ExtGState’,
3360 token.new(0, 2),

88
 3361 token.new(0, 1),
3362 ’’,
3363 token.new(0, 2),
3364 token.new(0, 1),
3365 ’<</ca ’,
3366 ’’,
3367 ’/CA ’,
3368 ’’,
3369 ’>>’,
3370 token.new(0, 2),
3371 }
3372 luatexbase.add_to_callback(’luaotfload.parse_transparent’, function(value)
3373 value = (octet * -1):match(value)
3374 if not value then
3375 tex.error’Invalid transparency value’
3376 return
3377 end
3378 value = value:sub(1, -2)
3379 local result = ’opacity’ .. value
3380 tex.runtoks(function()
3381 transparent_register[6], transparent_register[10], transparent_register[12] = result,
3382 tex.sprint(-2, transparent_register)
3383 end)
3384 return ’/’ .. result .. ’ gs’
3385 end, ’l3opacity’)
3386 end
3387 ⟨/lua⟩

8 l3backend-header implementation
3388 ⟨∗dvips & header⟩
color.sc Empty definition for color at the top level.
3389 /color.sc { } def

(End of definition for color.sc. This function is documented on page ??.)

TeXcolorseparation Support for separation/spot colors: this strange naming is so things work with the color
separation stack.
3390 TeXDict begin
3391 /TeXcolorseparation { setcolor } def
3392 end

(End of definition for TeXcolorseparation and separation. These functions are documented on page
??.)

pdf.globaldict A small global dictionary for backend use.

3393 true setglobal
3394 /pdf.globaldict 4 dict def
3395 false setglobal

(End of definition for pdf.globaldict. This function is documented on page ??.)

89
 pdf.cvs Small utilities for PostScript manipulations. Conversion to DVI dimensions is done here
pdf.dvi.pt to allow for Resolution. The total height of a rectangle (an array) needs a little maths,
pdf.pt.dvi in contrast to simply extracting a value.
pdf.rect.ht 3396 /pdf.cvs { 65534 string cvs } def
3397 /pdf.dvi.pt { 72.27 mul Resolution div } def
3398 /pdf.pt.dvi { 72.27 div Resolution mul } def
3399 /pdf.rect.ht { dup 1 get neg exch 3 get add } def

(End of definition for pdf.cvs and others. These functions are documented on page ??.)

pdf.linkmargin Settings which are defined up-front in SDict.

pdf.linkdp.pad 3400 /pdf.linkmargin { 1 pdf.pt.dvi } def
pdf.linkht.pad 3401 /pdf.linkdp.pad { 0 } def
3402 /pdf.linkht.pad { 0 } def

(End of definition for pdf.linkmargin , pdf.linkdp.pad , and pdf.linkht.pad. These functions are
documented on page ??.)

pdf.rect Functions for marking the limits of an annotation/link, plus drawing the border. We
pdf.save.ll separate links for generic annotations to support adding a margin and setting a minimal
pdf.save.ur size.
pdf.save.linkll 3403 /pdf.rect
pdf.save.linkur 3404 { /Rect [ pdf.llx pdf.lly pdf.urx pdf.ury ] } def
pdf.llx 3405 /pdf.save.ll
pdf.lly 3406 {
pdf.urx 3407 currentpoint
pdf.ury 3408 /pdf.lly exch def
3409 /pdf.llx exch def
3410 }
3411 def
3412 /pdf.save.ur
3413 {
3414 currentpoint
3415 /pdf.ury exch def
3416 /pdf.urx exch def
3417 }
3418 def
3419 /pdf.save.linkll
3420 {
3421 currentpoint
3422 pdf.linkmargin add
3423 pdf.linkdp.pad add
3424 /pdf.lly exch def
3425 pdf.linkmargin sub
3426 /pdf.llx exch def
3427 }
3428 def
3429 /pdf.save.linkur
3430 {
3431 currentpoint
3432 pdf.linkmargin sub
3433 pdf.linkht.pad sub
3434 /pdf.ury exch def
3435 pdf.linkmargin add

90
 3436 /pdf.urx exch def
3437 }
3438 def

(End of definition for pdf.rect and others. These functions are documented on page ??.)

pdf.dest.anchor For finding the anchor point of a destination link. We make the use case a separate
pdf.dest.x function as it comes up a lot, and as this makes it easier to adjust if we need additional
pdf.dest.y effects. We also need a more complex approach to convert a co-ordinate pair correctly
pdf.dest.point when defining a rectangle: this can otherwise be out when using a landscape page.
pdf.dest2device (Thanks to Alexander Grahn for the approach here.)
pdf.dev.x 3439 /pdf.dest.anchor
pdf.dev.y 3440 {
pdf.tmpa 3441 currentpoint exch
pdf.tmpb 3442 pdf.dvi.pt 72 add
pdf.tmpc 3443 /pdf.dest.x exch def
pdf.tmpd 3444 pdf.dvi.pt
3445 vsize 72 sub exch sub
3446 /pdf.dest.y exch def
3447 }
3448 def
3449 /pdf.dest.point
3450 { pdf.dest.x pdf.dest.y } def
3451 /pdf.dest2device
3452 {
3453 /pdf.dest.y exch def
3454 /pdf.dest.x exch def
3455 matrix currentmatrix
3456 matrix defaultmatrix
3457 matrix invertmatrix
3458 matrix concatmatrix
3459 cvx exec
3460 /pdf.dev.y exch def
3461 /pdf.dev.x exch def
3462 /pdf.tmpd exch def
3463 /pdf.tmpc exch def
3464 /pdf.tmpb exch def
3465 /pdf.tmpa exch def
3466 pdf.dest.x pdf.tmpa mul
3467 pdf.dest.y pdf.tmpc mul add
3468 pdf.dev.x add
3469 pdf.dest.x pdf.tmpb mul
3470 pdf.dest.y pdf.tmpd mul add
3471 pdf.dev.y add
3472 }
3473 def

(End of definition for pdf.dest.anchor and others. These functions are documented on page ??.)

pdf.bordertracking To know where a breakable link can go, we need to track the boundary rectangle. That
pdf.bordertracking.begin can be done by hooking into a and x operations: those names have to be retained. The
pdf.bordertracking.end boundary is stored at the end of the operation. Special effort is needed at the start and
pdf.leftboundary end of pages (or rather galleys), such that everything works properly.
pdf.rightboundary 3474 /pdf.bordertracking false def
pdf.brokenlink.rect
pdf.brokenlink.skip
pdf.brokenlink.dict 91
pdf.bordertracking.endpage
pdf.bordertracking.continue
pdf.originx
pdf.originy
3475 /pdf.bordertracking.begin
3476 {
3477 SDict /pdf.bordertracking true put
3478 SDict /pdf.leftboundary undef
3479 SDict /pdf.rightboundary undef
3480 /a where
3481 {
3482 /a
3483 {
3484 currentpoint pop
3485 SDict /pdf.rightboundary known dup
3486 {
3487 SDict /pdf.rightboundary get 2 index lt
3488 { not }
3489 if
3490 }
3491 if
3492 { pop }
3493 { SDict exch /pdf.rightboundary exch put }
3494 ifelse
3495 moveto
3496 currentpoint pop
3497 SDict /pdf.leftboundary known dup
3498 {
3499 SDict /pdf.leftboundary get 2 index gt
3500 { not }
3501 if
3502 }
3503 if
3504 { pop }
3505 { SDict exch /pdf.leftboundary exch put }
3506 ifelse
3507 }
3508 put
3509 }
3510 if
3511 }
3512 def
3513 /pdf.bordertracking.end
3514 {
3515 /a where { /a { moveto } put } if
3516 /x where { /x { 0 exch rmoveto } put } if
3517 SDict /pdf.leftboundary known
3518 { pdf.outerbox 0 pdf.leftboundary put }
3519 if
3520 SDict /pdf.rightboundary known
3521 { pdf.outerbox 2 pdf.rightboundary put }
3522 if
3523 SDict /pdf.bordertracking false put
3524 }
3525 def
3526 /pdf.bordertracking.endpage
3527 {
3528 pdf.bordertracking

92
3529 {
3530 pdf.bordertracking.end
3531 true setglobal
3532 pdf.globaldict
3533 /pdf.brokenlink.rect [ pdf.outerbox aload pop ] put
3534 pdf.globaldict
3535 /pdf.brokenlink.skip pdf.baselineskip put
3536 pdf.globaldict
3537 /pdf.brokenlink.dict
3538 pdf.link.dict pdf.cvs put
3539 false setglobal
3540 mark pdf.link.dict cvx exec /Rect
3541 [
3542 pdf.llx
3543 pdf.lly
3544 pdf.outerbox 2 get pdf.linkmargin add
3545 currentpoint exch pop
3546 pdf.outerbox pdf.rect.ht sub pdf.linkmargin sub
3547 ]
3548 /ANN pdf.pdfmark
3549 }
3550 if
3551 }
3552 def
3553 /pdf.bordertracking.continue
3554 {
3555 /pdf.link.dict pdf.globaldict
3556 /pdf.brokenlink.dict get def
3557 /pdf.outerbox pdf.globaldict
3558 /pdf.brokenlink.rect get def
3559 /pdf.baselineskip pdf.globaldict
3560 /pdf.brokenlink.skip get def
3561 pdf.globaldict dup dup
3562 /pdf.brokenlink.dict undef
3563 /pdf.brokenlink.skip undef
3564 /pdf.brokenlink.rect undef
3565 currentpoint
3566 /pdf.originy exch def
3567 /pdf.originx exch def
3568 /a where
3569 {
3570 /a
3571 {
3572 moveto
3573 SDict
3574 begin
3575 currentpoint pdf.originy ne exch
3576 pdf.originx ne or
3577 {
3578 pdf.save.linkll
3579 /pdf.lly
3580 pdf.lly pdf.outerbox 1 get sub def
3581 pdf.bordertracking.begin
3582 }

93
 3583 if
3584 end
3585 }
3586 put
3587 }
3588 if
3589 /x where
3590 {
3591 /x
3592 {
3593 0 exch rmoveto
3594 SDict
3595 begin
3596 currentpoint
3597 pdf.originy ne exch pdf.originx ne or
3598 {
3599 pdf.save.linkll
3600 /pdf.lly
3601 pdf.lly pdf.outerbox 1 get sub def
3602 pdf.bordertracking.begin
3603 }
3604 if
3605 end
3606 }
3607 put
3608 }
3609 if
3610 }
3611 def

(End of definition for pdf.bordertracking and others. These functions are documented on page ??.)

pdf.breaklink Dealing with link breaking itself has multiple stage. The first step is to find the Rect entry
pdf.breaklink.write in the dictionary, looping over key–value pairs. The first line is handled first, adjusting
pdf.count the rectangle to stay inside the text area. The second phase is a loop over the height of
pdf.currentrect the bulk of the link area, done on the basis of a number of baselines. Finally, the end of
the link area is tidied up, again from the boundary of the text area.
3612 /pdf.breaklink
3613 {
3614 pop
3615 counttomark 2 mod 0 eq
3616 {
3617 counttomark /pdf.count exch def
3618 {
3619 pdf.count 0 eq { exit } if
3620 counttomark 2 roll
3621 1 index /Rect eq
3622 {
3623 dup 4 array copy
3624 dup dup
3625 1 get
3626 pdf.outerbox pdf.rect.ht
3627 pdf.linkmargin 2 mul add sub
3628 3 exch put

94
3629 dup
3630 pdf.outerbox 2 get
3631 pdf.linkmargin add
3632 2 exch put
3633 dup dup
3634 3 get
3635 pdf.outerbox pdf.rect.ht
3636 pdf.linkmargin 2 mul add add
3637 1 exch put
3638 /pdf.currentrect exch def
3639 pdf.breaklink.write
3640 {
3641 pdf.currentrect
3642 dup
3643 pdf.outerbox 0 get
3644 pdf.linkmargin sub
3645 0 exch put
3646 dup
3647 pdf.outerbox 2 get
3648 pdf.linkmargin add
3649 2 exch put
3650 dup dup
3651 1 get
3652 pdf.baselineskip add
3653 1 exch put
3654 dup dup
3655 3 get
3656 pdf.baselineskip add
3657 3 exch put
3658 /pdf.currentrect exch def
3659 pdf.breaklink.write
3660 }
3661 1 index 3 get
3662 pdf.linkmargin 2 mul add
3663 pdf.outerbox pdf.rect.ht add
3664 2 index 1 get sub
3665 pdf.baselineskip div round cvi 1 sub
3666 exch
3667 repeat
3668 pdf.currentrect
3669 dup
3670 pdf.outerbox 0 get
3671 pdf.linkmargin sub
3672 0 exch put
3673 dup dup
3674 1 get
3675 pdf.baselineskip add
3676 1 exch put
3677 dup dup
3678 3 get
3679 pdf.baselineskip add
3680 3 exch put
3681 dup 2 index 2 get 2 exch put
3682 /pdf.currentrect exch def

95
 3683 pdf.breaklink.write
3684 SDict /pdf.pdfmark.good false put
3685 exit
3686 }
3687 { pdf.count 2 sub /pdf.count exch def }
3688 ifelse
3689 }
3690 loop
3691 }
3692 if
3693 /ANN
3694 }
3695 def
3696 /pdf.breaklink.write
3697 {
3698 counttomark 1 sub
3699 index /_objdef eq
3700 {
3701 counttomark -2 roll
3702 dup wcheck
3703 {
3704 readonly
3705 counttomark 2 roll
3706 }
3707 { pop pop }
3708 ifelse
3709 }
3710 if
3711 counttomark 1 add copy
3712 pop pdf.currentrect
3713 /ANN pdfmark
3714 }
3715 def

(End of definition for pdf.breaklink and others. These functions are documented on page ??.)

pdf.pdfmark The business end of breaking links starts by hooking into pdfmarks. Unlike hypdvips,
pdf.pdfmark.good we avoid altering any links we have not created by using a copy of the core pdfmarks
pdf.outerbox function. Only mark types which are known are altered. At present, this is purely ANN
pdf.baselineskip marks, which are measured relative to the size of the baseline skip. If they are more than
pdf.pdfmark.dict one apparent line high, breaking is applied.
3716 /pdf.pdfmark
3717 {
3718 SDict /pdf.pdfmark.good true put
3719 dup /ANN eq
3720 {
3721 pdf.pdfmark.store
3722 pdf.pdfmark.dict
3723 begin
3724 Subtype /Link eq
3725 currentdict /Rect known and
3726 SDict /pdf.outerbox known and
3727 SDict /pdf.baselineskip known and
3728 {

96
3729 Rect 3 get
3730 pdf.linkmargin 2 mul add
3731 pdf.outerbox pdf.rect.ht add
3732 Rect 1 get sub
3733 pdf.baselineskip div round cvi 0 gt
3734 { pdf.breaklink }
3735 if
3736 }
3737 if
3738 end
3739 SDict /pdf.outerbox undef
3740 SDict /pdf.baselineskip undef
3741 currentdict /pdf.pdfmark.dict undef
3742 }
3743 if
3744 pdf.pdfmark.good
3745 { pdfmark }
3746 { cleartomark }
3747 ifelse
3748 }
3749 def
3750 /pdf.pdfmark.store
3751 {
3752 /pdf.pdfmark.dict 65534 dict def
3753 counttomark 1 add copy
3754 pop
3755 {
3756 dup mark eq
3757 {
3758 pop
3759 exit
3760 }
3761 {
3762 pdf.pdfmark.dict
3763 begin def end
3764 }
3765 ifelse
3766 }
3767 loop
3768 }
3769 def

(End of definition for pdf.pdfmark and others. These functions are documented on page ??.)
3770 ⟨/dvips & header⟩

97
Index
The italic numbers denote the pages where the corresponding entry is described, numbers
underlined point to the definition, all others indicate the places where it is used.

A \__box_backend_rotate_aux:Nn 228,
\AtBeginDvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 229, 230, 276, 277, 278, 333, 334, 335
\__box_backend_scale:Nnn . . . . . . .
B 245, 245, 304, 304, 348, 348, 425, 425
bool commands: \l__box_backend_sin_fp . . . . . . . . 276
\bool_gset_false:N . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1201, 1220, 1243, 1265, C
1281, 1382, 1621, 1657, 2403, 2449 clist commands:
\bool_gset_true:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . \clist_map_function:nN . . . . . . . . .
. . 1199, 1268, 1380, 1636, 2396, 2402 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1289, 1413, 1664
\bool_if:NTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, color internal commands:
578, 1211, 1215, 1231, 1234, 1238,
\__color_backend:nnn . . . . . . . . . .
1249, 1256, 1260, 1272, 1276, 1393,
. . . . . . . 1027, 1034, 1049, 1057, 1063
1398, 1403, 1595, 1640, 1779, 1829,
\__color_backend_cmyk:w . . . . . . 1028
1969, 2011, 2391, 2406, 2411, 2416
\g__color_backend_colorant_prop .
\bool_if:nTF . . . . . . . 2625, 2878, 3114
. . . . . . . . . . . 544, 563, 566, 586, 827
\bool_lazy_and:nnTF . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 791, 2128, 3243, 3277 \__color_backend_devicen_-
colorants:n . . . . 545, 545, 747, 885
\bool_lazy_any:nTF . . . . . . . . . . 1818
\bool_lazy_or:nnTF . . . . . . . . . . 2004 \__color_backend_devicen_-
\bool_new:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . colorants:w . . . . 545, 553, 560, 568
. . 1202, 1269, 1383, 1637, 2376, 2377 \__color_backend_devicen_-
\bool_set_false:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . init:nnn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 1791, 1933, 2035, 2199 . . . . . . 734, 734, 852, 852, 1084, 1084
box commands: \__color_backend_devicen_init:w .
\box_dp:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852, 861, 890, 894
. 217, 219, 267, 269, 324, 326, 373, \__color_backend_fill:n . . . . 931,
375, 377, 379, 2428, 2461, 2462, 2487 931, 933, 934, 935, 957, 958, 960,
\box_ht:N . . . . . . 219, 269, 326, 377, 962, 963, 982, 991, 992, 994, 996,
379, 1842, 2076, 2433, 2472, 2473, 2489 997, 1008, 1017, 1018, 1020, 1022, 1023
\box_if_empty:NTF . . . . . . . . . . . 2522 \__color_backend_fill_cmyk:n 931,
\box_move_down:nn . . . . . . . 2350, 2428 933, 957, 957, 991, 991, 1017, 1017
\box_move_up:nn . . . . 2220, 2352, 2433 \__color_backend_fill_devicen:nn
\box_new:N . . . . . . . . . 2246, 2340, 2341 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941,
\box_set_dp:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1720 951, 981, 985, 1007, 1011, 1078, 1080
\box_set_ht:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1719 \__color_backend_fill_gray:n 931,
\box_set_wd:Nn . . . . . . . . . . 281, 1718 934, 957, 959, 991, 993, 1017, 1019
\box_use:N . . . . . . . . . . . . 224, 242, \__color_backend_fill_reset: 953,
256, 272, 299, 313, 329, 345, 357, 953, 987, 987, 1013, 1013, 1082, 1082
408, 422, 441, 1333, 1528, 1721, 2381 \__color_backend_fill_rgb:n 931,
\box_wd:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218, 226, 935, 957, 961, 991, 995, 1017, 1021
268, 274, 325, 331, 374, 376, 1841, 2075 \__color_backend_fill_separation:nn
box internal commands: . . . . . . . . 941, 941, 951, 981, 981,
\__box_backend_clip:N . . . . . . . . . 985, 1007, 1007, 1011, 1078, 1078, 1080
206, 206, 261, 261, 318, 318, 362, 362 \l__color_backend_fill_tl . . . . . .
\l__box_backend_cos_fp . . . . . . . . 276 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507, 519, 965, 979
\__box_backend_rotate:Nn . . . . . . . \__color_backend_iccbased_-
228, 228, 276, 276, 333, 333, 412, 412 device:nnn . . . . . . . . . . . 914, 914

98
\__color_backend_iccbased_- . . . . . . . . . . . 576, 688, 758, 805, 830
init:nnn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \__color_backend_separation_-
. . . . . . 753, 753, 896, 896, 1084, 1085 init_CIELAB:nnnnnn . . . . . . . . . 759
\__color_backend_init_resource:n \__color_backend_separation_-
. . . . . . . 788, 788, 817, 888, 912, 927 init_count:n . . . . . . . 576, 635, 638
\__color_backend_reset: . . . . . . . . \__color_backend_separation_-
. . . . . . . . . . . 488, 503, 511, 523, init_count:w . . . 576, 639, 640, 644
527, 532, 953, 954, 987, 988, 1013, 1082 \__color_backend_separation_-
\__color_backend_rgb:w . . . . . . . 1051 init_Device:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . .
\__color_backend_select:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 576, 620, 622, 624, 625
. . . . . . . . . . . 488, 489, 491, 493, \l__color_backend_stack_int . . . .
495, 496, 527, 527, 529, 530, 531, 573 . . . . . . . . . . . 449, 521, 524, 966, 978
\__color_backend_select:nn . . . . . \__color_backend_stroke:n . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 511, 512, 514, 516, 517, 784 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931, 936, 938,
\__color_backend_select_cmyk:n . . 939, 940, 957, 970, 972, 974, 975, 984
. . . . . . . 488, 488, 511, 511, 527, 529 \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:n . .
\__color_backend_select_devicen:nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931,
. . . . . . . 572, 574, 756, 757, 778, 786 938, 957, 969, 991, 1001, 1027, 1027
\__color_backend_select_gray:n . . \__color_backend_stroke_cmyk:w . .
. . . . 488, 490, 511, 513, 527, 530, 537 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027, 1029
\__color_backend_select_iccbased:nn \__color_backend_stroke_devicen:nn
. . . . . . . 575, 575, 760, 760, 778, 787 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 941,
\__color_backend_select_named:n . 952, 981, 986, 1007, 1012, 1078, 1081
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488, 492, 534, 534 \__color_backend_stroke_gray:n . .
\__color_backend_select_rgb:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931,
. . . . . . . 488, 494, 511, 515, 527, 531 939, 957, 971, 991, 1003, 1027, 1040
\__color_backend_select_separation:nn \__color_backend_stroke_gray_-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572, 572, 574, aux:n . . . . . . . . . . 1027, 1044, 1048
756, 756, 757, 778, 779, 783, 786, 787 \__color_backend_stroke_reset: . .
\__color_backend_separation_- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953,
init:n . . . . . . . . . . . . 576, 657, 670 954, 987, 988, 1013, 1014, 1082, 1083
\__color_backend_separation_- \__color_backend_stroke_rgb:n . . .
init:nn . . . . . . . . . . . 805, 815, 819 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 931,
\__color_backend_separation_- 940, 957, 973, 991, 1005, 1027, 1050
init:nnn . . . . . . . . . . 576, 611, 632 \__color_backend_stroke_rgb:w . . .
\__color_backend_separation_- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1027, 1052
init:nnnn . . . . . . . . . 576, 634, 646 \__color_backend_stroke_separation:nn
\__color_backend_separation_- . . . . . . . . 941, 946, 952, 981, 983,
init:nnnnn . . . . . . . . . . . . 576, 986, 1007, 1009, 1012, 1078, 1079, 1081
576, 597, 690, 758, 758, 805, 805, 845 \l__color_backend_stroke_tl . . . .
\__color_backend_separation_- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507, 520, 967, 977
init:nw . . . . . . . 576, 661, 672, 686 \g__color_model_int 583, 592, 740,
\__color_backend_separation_- 768, 817, 823, 824, 878, 879, 888, 912
init:w . . . . . . . . 576, 648, 663, 668 \c__color_model_range_CIELAB_tl .
\__color_backend_separation_- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695, 730, 841, 848
init_/DeviceCMYK:nnn . . . . . . . 576 color.sc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488, 3389
\__color_backend_separation_- cs commands:
init_/DeviceGray:nnn . . . . . . . 576 \cs_generate_variant:Nn . . . . . . . .
\__color_backend_separation_- . . . 62, 65, 98, 147, 152, 163, 194,
init_/DeviceRGB:nnn . . . . . . . . 576 200, 597, 1148, 1343, 1537, 1983,
\__color_backend_separation_- 2046, 2066, 2251, 2272, 2335, 2829,
init_aux:nnnnnn . . . . 576, 582, 598 2842, 2952, 2973, 3003, 3240, 3328
\__color_backend_separation_- \cs_gset:Npe . . 2637, 2641, 3119, 3124
init_CIELAB:nnn . . . . . . . . . . . \cs_gset_protected:Npn . . . . . . . 3281

99
\cs_if_exist:NTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1437, 1439, 1450, 1475, 1487, 1499,
. . . . . . 27, 49, 1731, 2518, 2903, 2929 1511, 1518, 1540, 1546, 1551, 1556,
\cs_if_exist_p:N . . . . . 792, 3244, 3278 1567, 1577, 1587, 1589, 1591, 1593,
\cs_if_exist_use:NTF . . . . . . . 38, 610 1624, 1626, 1631, 1633, 1635, 1638,
\cs_new:Npe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659, 1670, 1683, 1685, 1687, 1689,
545, 2664, 2699, 2843, 2854, 2921, 3141 1691, 1693, 1695, 1697, 1699, 1707,
\cs_new:Npn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1729, 1748, 1771, 1788, 1802, 1807,
. 560, 619, 621, 623, 625, 632, 638, 1815, 1845, 1858, 1876, 1886, 1902,
640, 646, 663, 670, 672, 890, 1294, 1921, 1930, 1938, 1950, 1956, 1959,
1418, 1668, 1844, 2079, 2237, 2264, 1974, 1984, 2023, 2032, 2038, 2044,
2336, 2338, 2371, 2543, 2643, 2644, 2047, 2054, 2067, 2072, 2080, 2087,
2796, 2811, 2830, 2831, 2934, 2966, 2104, 2138, 2169, 2170, 2172, 2174,
3004, 3006, 3022, 3046, 3127, 3128, 2176, 2182, 2188, 2196, 2202, 2205,
3136, 3148, 3153, 3154, 3159, 3160 2207, 2218, 2249, 2252, 2254, 2257,
\cs_new_eq:NN . . . . . . . . 46, 56, 58, 2266, 2273, 2290, 2295, 2300, 2305,
529, 530, 531, 574, 757, 786, 787, 2315, 2320, 2328, 2343, 2348, 2380,
933, 934, 935, 938, 939, 940, 951, 2382, 2387, 2389, 2394, 2409, 2414,
952, 953, 954, 985, 986, 987, 988, 2451, 2480, 2499, 2508, 2545, 2552,
1011, 1012, 1013, 1080, 1081, 1082, 2578, 2583, 2611, 2623, 2635, 2639,
1147, 1342, 1348, 1349, 1536, 1538, 2645, 2647, 2651, 2675, 2677, 2679,
1539, 1545, 1745, 1746, 1759, 1761, 2690, 2710, 2720, 2743, 2757, 2767,
1786, 1787, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1875, 2778, 2798, 2832, 2865, 2876, 2882,
1900, 1917, 1918, 1927, 1928, 1929, 2910, 2944, 2946, 2953, 2955, 2959,
1949, 1952, 1953, 1954, 2019, 2029, 2968, 2974, 2979, 2984, 2986, 2988,
2030, 2031, 2185, 2186, 2194, 2195, 2996, 3009, 3025, 3027, 3044, 3048,
2204, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2240, 2381 3050, 3072, 3077, 3110, 3112, 3117,
\cs_new_protected:Npe . . . . . . . . . 3122, 3129, 3131, 3135, 3137, 3138,
. . . . . . . 576, 1063, 2893, 2950, 3029 3139, 3140, 3142, 3143, 3144, 3145,
3146, 3147, 3149, 3150, 3151, 3152,
\cs_new_protected:Npn . . . . . . . . .
3155, 3156, 3157, 3158, 3161, 3162,
. . . . . . 47, 53, 60, 63, 71, 77, 82,
3165, 3184, 3191, 3197, 3202, 3207,
84, 88, 99, 109, 119, 128, 137, 150,
3214, 3221, 3256, 3261, 3283, 3293,
153, 155, 157, 161, 166, 175, 185,
3299, 3305, 3331, 3333, 3335, 3337
195, 206, 228, 230, 245, 261, 276,
\cs_set_eq:NN . . . . . . . . . . 2539, 2540
278, 304, 318, 333, 335, 348, 362,
412, 425, 452, 466, 476, 488, 490, \cs_set_protected:Npn . . . . . . . 2142
492, 494, 496, 503, 511, 513, 515,
517, 523, 527, 532, 534, 572, 575, D
598, 688, 734, 753, 756, 758, 759, dim commands:
760, 779, 783, 788, 805, 819, 830, \dim_compare:nNnTF . . . . . . 2118, 2123
852, 896, 914, 931, 936, 941, 946, \dim_compare_p:nNn . . . . . . 2129, 2130
957, 959, 961, 963, 969, 971, 973, \dim_eval:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
975, 981, 983, 991, 993, 995, 997, . . . 2346, 2581, 2659, 2660, 2661,
1001, 1003, 1005, 1007, 1009, 1014, 2718, 2753, 2754, 2755, 3016, 3017,
1017, 1019, 1021, 1023, 1027, 1029, 3018, 3049, 3075, 3173, 3174, 3177
1040, 1048, 1050, 1052, 1078, 1079, \dim_gset:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . 3186, 3187
1083, 1084, 1085, 1149, 1154, 1159, \dim_max:nn . . . . . . . . . . . . 2459, 2470
1161, 1163, 1171, 1179, 1188, 1198, \dim_set:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1200, 1203, 1205, 1222, 1227, 1245, . . 1841, 1842, 2075, 2076, 2114, 2115
1267, 1270, 1283, 1296, 1301, 1303, \dim_set_eq:NN . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2180
1305, 1307, 1309, 1311, 1313, 1315, \dim_to_decimal:n . . 373, 374, 375,
1320, 1344, 1346, 1350, 1355, 1360, 376, 377, 379, 1549, 1554, 1560,
1370, 1379, 1381, 1384, 1386, 1388, 1561, 1562, 1563, 1572, 1573, 1574,
1390, 1395, 1400, 1405, 1407, 1420, 1665, 1684, 2227, 2228, 2457, 2468,
1425, 1427, 1429, 1431, 1433, 1435, 2486, 2487, 2488, 2489, 2493, 2549

100
 \dim_to_decimal_in_bp:n . . . . . . . . \__draw_backend_dash_pattern:nn .
. . . . 217, 218, 219, 267, 268, 269, . . 1283, 1283, 1407, 1407, 1659, 1659
324, 325, 326, 1167, 1168, 1175, \__draw_backend_discardpath: . . .
1176, 1183, 1184, 1192, 1193, 1194, . . 1203, 1270, 1384, 1405, 1591, 1638
1291, 1295, 1299, 1353, 1358, 1364, \__draw_backend_end: . . . . . . . . . .
1365, 1366, 1374, 1375, 1415, 1419, . . 1149, 1154, 1344, 1346, 1540, 1545
1423, 1669, 1753, 1754, 1755, 1756, \__draw_backend_evenodd_rule: . . .
1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1998, 1999, . . 1198, 1198, 1379, 1379, 1587, 1587
2000, 2001, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2215 \__draw_backend_fill: . . . . . . . . .
\dim_zero:N . . . . . . . . . . . . 2112, 2113 . . 1203, 1227, 1384, 1390, 1591, 1631
\c_max_dim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \__draw_backend_fillstroke: . . . .
. . 2114, 2115, 2118, 2123, 2129, 2130 . . 1203, 1245, 1384, 1395, 1591, 1633
draw internal commands: \__draw_backend_join_bevel: . . . .
\__draw_align_currentpoint_... . . 36 . . 1283, 1313, 1407, 1437, 1659, 1697
\__draw_backend_add_to_path:n . . . \__draw_backend_join_miter: . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1546, . . 1283, 1309, 1407, 1433, 1659, 1693
1548, 1553, 1558, 1569, 1577, 1592 \__draw_backend_join_round: . . . .
\__draw_backend_begin: . . . . . . . . . . . 1283, 1311, 1407, 1435, 1659, 1695
. . 1149, 1149, 1344, 1344, 1540, 1540 \__draw_backend_lineto:nn . . . . . .
\__draw_backend_box_use:Nnnnn . . . . . 1163, 1171, 1350, 1355, 1546, 1551
31, 1320, 1320, 1518, 1518, 1707, 1707 \__draw_backend_linewidth:n . . . .
\__draw_backend_cap_butt: . . . . . . . . 1283, 1296, 1407, 1420, 1659, 1683
. . 1283, 1303, 1407, 1427, 1659, 1687 \__draw_backend_literal:n . . . . . .
\__draw_backend_cap_rectangle: . . . . . . . . . . 1147, 1147, 1148, 1152,
. . 1283, 1307, 1407, 1431, 1659, 1691 1156, 1160, 1162, 1165, 1173, 1181,
\__draw_backend_cap_round: . . . . . 1190, 1204, 1207, 1208, 1209, 1210,
. . 1283, 1305, 1407, 1429, 1659, 1689 1213, 1219, 1229, 1236, 1242, 1247,
\__draw_backend_clip: . . . . . . . . . 1252, 1253, 1254, 1255, 1258, 1264,
. . 1203, 1267, 1384, 1400, 1591, 1635 1274, 1280, 1285, 1298, 1302, 1304,
\__draw_backend_closepath: . . . . . 1306, 1308, 1310, 1312, 1314, 1317,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203, 1203, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1325, 1326, 1327,
1224, 1384, 1384, 1591, 1591, 1628 1331, 1332, 1334, 1335, 1336, 1337,
\__draw_backend_closestroke: . . . 1338, 1342, 1342, 1343, 1352, 1357,
. . 1203, 1222, 1384, 1388, 1591, 1626 1362, 1372, 1385, 1387, 1389, 1392,
\__draw_backend_cm:nnnn . . . . . . . . 1397, 1402, 1406, 1409, 1422, 1426,
. . . 1315, 1315, 1328, 1329, 1330, 1428, 1430, 1432, 1434, 1436, 1438,
1439, 1439, 1522, 1699, 1699, 1710 1536, 1536, 1537, 1598, 1617, 1643
\__draw_backend_cm_aux:nnnn . . . . \__draw_backend_miterlimit:n . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1439, 1446, 1450 . . 1283, 1301, 1407, 1425, 1659, 1685
\__draw_backend_cm_decompose:nnnnN \__draw_backend_moveto:nn . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1445, 1474, 1475 . . 1163, 1163, 1350, 1350, 1546, 1546
\__draw_backend_cm_decompose_- \__draw_backend_nonzero_rule: . . .
auxi:nnnnN . . . . . 1474, 1479, 1487 . . 1198, 1200, 1379, 1381, 1587, 1589
\__draw_backend_cm_decompose_- \__draw_backend_path:n . . . . . . . . .
auxii:nnnnN . . . . . 1474, 1491, 1499 . . . . . . . 1591, 1593, 1625, 1632, 1634
\__draw_backend_cm_decompose_- \g__draw_backend_path_int 1606, 1623
auxiii:nnnnN . . . . 1474, 1503, 1511 \g__draw_backend_path_tl . . . . . . .
\__draw_backend_curveto:nnnnnn . . . . . . . . . 1546, 1602, 1618, 1620, 1647
. . 1163, 1188, 1350, 1360, 1546, 1567 \__draw_backend_rectangle:nnnn . .
\__draw_backend_dash:n . . . . . . . . . . . 1163, 1179, 1350, 1370, 1546, 1556
. . . . . . . . . . . . 1283, 1289, 1294, \__draw_backend_scope_begin: 1159,
1407, 1413, 1418, 1659, 1664, 1668 1159, 1345, 1348, 1348, 1538, 1538
\__draw_backend_dash_aux:nn . . . . \__draw_backend_scope_end: 1159,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1659, 1663, 1670 1161, 1347, 1348, 1349, 1538, 1539

101
 \__draw_backend_stroke: 1203, 1205, G
1225, 1384, 1386, 1591, 1624, 1629 graphics commands:
\g__draw_draw_clip_bool . . 1203, 1591 \l_graphics_search_ext_seq . . . . .
\g__draw_draw_eor_bool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1741, 1764, 1910, 2098
. . . 1198, 1215, 1231, 1238, 1249, graphics internal commands:
1260, 1276, 1379, 1393, 1398, 1403 \l__graphics_attr_tl . . . . . 1770,
\g__draw_draw_path_int . . . . . . . 1591 1775, 1792, 1804, 1811, 1813, 1848
\g__draw_path_tl . . . . . . . . . . . . 1656 \__graphics_backend_dequote:w . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771, 1810, 1844
E \l__graphics_backend_dir_str . 1853
\errmessage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 \l__graphics_backend_ext_str . 1853
\__graphics_backend_get_pagecount:n
\evensidemargin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2426
. . . . . . . . 1760, 1761, 1902, 1902,
exp commands:
2017, 2019, 2087, 2087, 2239, 2240
\exp_after:wN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2085 \__graphics_backend_getbb_auxi:n
\exp_args:Ne . . . . . . 580, 634, 815, . . . . . . . . . . . 1771, 1784, 1800, 1802
1809, 1864, 1866, 1890, 1892, 2302, \__graphics_backend_getbb_-
2317, 2422, 2580, 3074, 3199, 3258 auxi:nN . . . . 2023, 2027, 2036, 2038
\exp_args:Nf . . . . . . . 1288, 1412, 2345 \__graphics_backend_getbb_-
\exp_args:Nne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2999 auxii:n . . . . . . . . 1771, 1805, 1807
\exp_args:NNf . . . . . . . . 229, 277, 334 \__graphics_backend_getbb_-
\exp_not:N . 547, 553, 554, 555, 580, auxii:nnN . . 2023, 2041, 2044, 2046
582, 583, 586, 587, 592, 2666, 2668, \__graphics_backend_getbb_-
2671, 2701, 2703, 2706, 2845, 2847, auxiii:n . . . . . . . 1771, 1809, 1815
2850, 2856, 2858, 2861, 2898, 2899, \__graphics_backend_getbb_-
2905, 2906, 2925, 2930, 3031, 3036 auxiii:nNnn . 2023, 2042, 2045, 2047
\exp_not:n . . . . . . 48, 96, 107, 145, \__graphics_backend_getbb_-
904, 2293, 2298, 2574, 2815, 2816, auxiv:nnNnn . 2023, 2050, 2054, 2066
2830, 2831, 2977, 2982, 2993, 3054 \__graphics_backend_getbb_-
\ExplBackendFileDate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 auxv:nNnn . . 2023, 2051, 2058, 2067
\__graphics_backend_getbb_-
F auxvi:nNnn . . . . . . . . . . 2070, 2072
file commands: \__graphics_backend_getbb_bmp:n .
\file_compare_timestamp:nNnTF . 1878 . . . . . . . . . . . 1915, 1929, 2023, 2031
\file_parse_full_name:nNNN 1860, 1888 \__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:n .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 1743, 1745, 1853,
\fmtversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
1858, 1875, 1915, 1917, 2183, 2185
fp commands:
\__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:nm
\fp_compare:nNnTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1853
. 236, 283, 289, 341, 1455, 1468, 1513
\__graphics_backend_getbb_eps:nn
\fp_eval:n . 229, 238, 251, 252, 277, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1864, 1876
294, 309, 311, 334, 343, 354, 355, \__graphics_backend_getbb_jpeg:n
419, 434, 435, 1035, 1036, 1037, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771, 1786,
1045, 1058, 1059, 1060, 1457, 1462, 1915, 1927, 2023, 2029, 2188, 2194
1463, 1470, 1480, 1481, 1482, 1483,
\__graphics_backend_getbb_jpg:n .
1492, 1493, 1494, 1495, 1504, 1505,
1771, 1771, 1786, 1787, 1915, 1921,
1506, 1507, 2571, 2740, 3068, 3200,
1927, 1928, 1929, 2023, 2023, 2029,
3210, 3217, 3259, 3296, 3303, 3338
2030, 2031, 2188, 2188, 2194, 2195
\fp_new:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302, 303 \__graphics_backend_getbb_-
\fp_set:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282, 285 pagebox:w . . 2023, 2062, 2079, 2085
\fp_use:N . . . . . . . . . . . . 288, 292, 297 \__graphics_backend_getbb_pdf:n .
\fp_zero:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284 . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771, 1788, 1884,
\c_zero_fp 236, 283, 289, 341, 1455, 1468 1915, 1930, 2023, 2032, 2196, 2196

102
\__graphics_backend_getbb_png:n . 1853, 1900, 1938, 1949, 2202, 2204
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1771, 1787, \__graphics_backend_include_-
1915, 1928, 2023, 2030, 2188, 2195 svg:n . . 2218, 2218, 2234, 2235, 2236
\__graphics_backend_getbb_ps:n . . \__graphics_backend_loaded:n . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1743, 1746, 1729, 1729, 1741, 1743, 1760, 1764,
1853, 1875, 1915, 1918, 2183, 2186 1910, 1915, 2018, 2098, 2183, 2239
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg:n . \l__graphics_backend_name_str . 1853
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2104, 2104 \__graphics_bb_restore:nTF . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1804, 2069, 2106
auxi:nNn . . . 2104, 2120, 2125, 2138 \__graphics_bb_save:n 1813, 2077, 2133
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_- \l__graphics_decodearray_str . . .
auxii:w . . . . 2104, 2142, 2164, 2169 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1777, 1778,
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_- 1790, 1821, 1827, 1828, 1932, 1967,
auxiii:Nw . . . . . . 2104, 2152, 2170 1968, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2034, 2198
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_- \__graphics_extract_bb:n . . . . . . .
auxiv:Nw . . . . . . . 2104, 2155, 2172 . . . . . . . . . . . 1925, 1934, 2192, 2200
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_- \l__graphics_final_name_str . . 1883
auxv:Nw . . . . . . . . 2104, 2156, 2174 \__graphics_get_pagecount:n . . . .
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1761, 2019, 2240
auxvi:Nn 2104, 2171, 2173, 2175, 2176 \l__graphics_internal_box . . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_getbb_svg_- . . 1839, 1841, 1842, 2074, 2075, 2076
auxvii:w . . . . . . . 2104, 2178, 2182 \l__graphics_internal_dim 2179, 2180
\__graphics_backend_include:nn . . \l__graphics_internal_ior . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 2202, 2203, 2206, 2207 . . . . . . . . . . . 2108, 2109, 2116, 2135
\__graphics_backend_include_- \l__graphics_interpolate_bool . . .
auxi:nn . . . . 1938, 1951, 1957, 1959 . . . . . . . . 1779, 1791, 1820, 1829,
\__graphics_backend_include_- 1933, 1969, 2005, 2011, 2035, 2199
auxii:nnn . . 1938, 1961, 1974, 1983 \l__graphics_llx_dim . . . . . . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_include_- . . . . . . . 1753, 1943, 1998, 2112, 2212
auxiii:nnn . . . . . 1938, 1981, 1984 \l__graphics_lly_dim . . . . . . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_include_- . . . . . . . 1754, 1944, 1999, 2113, 2213
bmp:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1938, 1954 \l__graphics_page_int . . . . . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_include_- . . . . . . . . 1773, 1795, 1796, 1834,
dequote:w . . . . . . 2218, 2229, 2237 1835, 1923, 1965, 1966, 1992, 1993,
\__graphics_backend_include_- 2025, 2040, 2041, 2083, 2084, 2190
eps:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1748, \l__graphics_pagebox_tl . . . . . . . .
1748, 1759, 1853, 1886, 1900, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55, 1774, 1794,
1938, 1938, 1949, 2202, 2202, 2204 1836, 1837, 1924, 1963, 1964, 1994,
\__graphics_backend_include_- 1996, 2026, 2049, 2050, 2085, 2191
jpeg:n . 1845, 1850, 1952, 2218, 2235 \l__graphics_pdf_str . . . . . . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_include_- . . 1781, 1782, 1797, 1798, 1822, 1831
jpg:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1845, \__graphics_read_bb:n . . . . . . . . .
1845, 1850, 1851, 1852, 1938, . . 1745, 1746, 1917, 1918, 2185, 2186
1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 2218, 2236 \g__graphics_track_int . . . . . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_include_- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1937, 1986, 1987
jpseg:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1938 \l__graphics_urx_dim . . . . . . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_include_- . . . 1755, 1841, 1945, 2000, 2075,
pdf:n . . . . . . . 1845, 1851, 1890, 2114, 2118, 2121, 2129, 2214, 2227
1938, 1956, 2080, 2080, 2202, 2205 \l__graphics_ury_dim . . . . . . . . . .
\__graphics_backend_include_- 1756, 1842, 1946, 2001, 2076, 2115,
png:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2123, 2126, 2130, 2215, 2220, 2228
. . 1845, 1852, 1938, 1953, 2218, 2234 group commands:
\__graphics_backend_include_ps:n \group_begin: . . . . . . . . . . . . 172, 191
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1748, 1759, \group_end: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180

103
 \group_insert_after:N . . . 3275, 3325 \ior_str_map_inline:Nn . . . . . . . 2116

H K
hbox commands: kernel internal commands:
\hbox:n . . . . . . . . 2222, 2351, 2354, \__kernel_backend_align_begin: . .
2429, 2435, 2588, 2595, 3082, 3093 . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 71, 209, 233, 248
\hbox_overlap_right:n . . . . . 224, \__kernel_backend_align_end: . . .
256, 272, 313, 329, 357, 441, 1333, 1528 . . . . . . . . . . . . 71, 77, 223, 241, 255
\hbox_set:Nn . . 1839, 2074, 2421, 2453
\__kernel_backend_first_shipout:n
\hbox_set:Nw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2404
. . . . . . . 49, 53, 56, 58, 68, 580, 3167
\hbox_set_end: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2419
\g__kernel_backend_header_bool . .
\hbox_unpack:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2540
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66, 578
hook commands:
\__kernel_backend_literal:n . . . .
\hook_gput_code:nnn . . 54, 1731, 1733
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 46, 47, 48,
I 61, 64, 69, 73, 80, 83, 85, 151, 154,
156, 158, 162, 338, 351, 498, 504,
int commands:
528, 533, 600, 736, 780, 932, 937,
\int_compare:nNnTF . . . . . . . . . . . .
943, 948, 999, 1025, 1151, 1157,
. . . . . . . . 1795, 1834, 1965, 1992,
1452, 1459, 1465, 1525, 1530, 1750,
2040, 2083, 2512, 2613, 2896, 2924
1940, 1978, 1988, 2209, 2224, 2951,
\int_const:Nn . . . . . . . . 454, 1811,
3049, 3111, 3115, 3120, 3125, 3169
1905, 1987, 2089, 2260, 2787, 2962
\int_eval:n 474, 484, 630, 639, 652, \__kernel_backend_literal_page:n
654, 658, 671, 2637, 2641, 2874, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99, 99,
2899, 2906, 2919, 3111, 3119, 3124 109, 153, 153, 2945, 2947, 3130, 3132
\int_gincr:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198, \__kernel_backend_literal_pdf:n .
364, 1597, 1642, 1986, 2259, 2330, . . . . . . . . . . 88, 88, 98, 150, 150,
2361, 2438, 2961, 2998, 3011, 3031 152, 264, 321, 1342, 3269, 3286, 3319
\int_gset:Nn . . . . . . . . 173, 192, 2501 \__kernel_backend_literal_-
\int_gset_eq:NN 181, 2362, 2439, 3012 postscript:n . . . . . . . . . . . 60,
\int_if_exist:NTF . . . . . . . . . . . 1976 60, 62, 74, 75, 79, 210, 211, 213,
\int_if_odd:nTF . . . . . . . . . . . . 2424 214, 222, 234, 249, 1147, 2615, 2627
\int_max:nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2091 \__kernel_backend_literal_svg:n .
\int_new:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164, . 161, 161, 163, 168, 179, 187, 197,
165, 411, 449, 1623, 1937, 2256, 365, 367, 384, 762, 1536, 1711, 1722
2342, 2373, 2375, 2957, 3008, 3024 \__kernel_backend_matrix:n . . . . .
\int_set_eq:NN . . . . . . 169, 188, 2513 . . . . . . 137, 137, 147, 286, 307, 1442
\int_step_function:nnnN . . . . . . . 656 \__kernel_backend_postscript:n . .
\int_use:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 63, 65,
. 366, 397, 583, 592, 740, 768, 817, 500, 1002, 1004, 1006, 1010, 2250,
823, 824, 878, 879, 888, 912, 1600, 2307, 2322, 2351, 2357, 2397, 2429,
1606, 1613, 1645, 1653, 1796, 1835, 2436, 2440, 2454, 2482, 2526, 2533,
1848, 1906, 1966, 1979, 1991, 1993, 2539, 2547, 2554, 2588, 2595, 3223
2084, 2092, 2265, 2332, 2337, 2365, \__kernel_backend_scope:n . . . . . .
2372, 2443, 2544, 2797, 2807, 2967, . . . . . . . . . . . 166, 195, 200, 394,
3000, 3005, 3015, 3023, 3036, 3047 399, 1065, 1543, 1588, 1590, 1610,
\int_value:w . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1650, 1672, 1684, 1686, 1688, 1690,
. . . . . . . 2666, 2701, 2845, 2856, 2874 1692, 1694, 1696, 1698, 1701, 3338
\int_zero:N . . . 1773, 1923, 2025, 2190 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin: . .
ior commands: 82, 82, 119, 119, 155, 155, 166, 166,
\ior_close:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2135 208, 232, 247, 263, 280, 306, 320,
\ior_if_eof:NTF . . . . . . . . . . . . 2109 337, 350, 1348, 1520, 1538, 1542, 1709
\ior_map_break: . . . . . . . . . . . . 2131 \__kernel_backend_scope_begin:n .
\ior_open:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2108 . . . . . . . 166, 185, 194, 386, 414, 427

104
 \__kernel_backend_scope_end: . . . \__opacity_backend_fillstroke:nn
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 82, 84, 119, 128, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3293
155, 157, 166, 175, 225, 243, 257, \__opacity_backend_reset: . . . . . .
273, 300, 314, 330, 346, 358, 409, . . . . . . . . . . . 3256, 3275, 3283, 3325
423, 442, 1349, 1532, 1539, 1545, 1723 \__opacity_backend_select:n . . . .
\g__kernel_backend_scope_int . . . . . 3197, 3197, 3256, 3256, 3331, 3331
164, 171, 173, 178, 182, 190, 192, 198 \__opacity_backend_select_aux:n .
\l__kernel_backend_scope_int . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3197, 3199,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164, 170, 183, 189 3202, 3256, 3258, 3261, 3281, 3308
\g__kernel_clip_path_int . . . . . . . \c__opacity_backend_stack_int . . .
362, 1597, 1600, 1613, 1642, 1645, 1653 . . . . . . . . . . . 3243, 3272, 3290, 3322
\__kernel_color_backend_stack_- \__opacity_backend_stroke:n . . . .
init:Nnn . . . . . . . . . 452, 452, 3248 . . 3197, 3214, 3293, 3299, 3331, 3335
\__kernel_color_backend_stack_- \l__opacity_backend_stroke_tl . . .
pop:n . . . . . . . . 466, 476, 524, 3290 . . . . . . . . . . . 3254, 3264, 3297, 3311
\__kernel_color_backend_stack_-
push:nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P
. . 466, 466, 521, 966, 978, 3272, 3322 pdf commands:
\__kernel_dependency_version_- \pdf_object_if_exist:nTF 832, 898, 916
check:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 \pdf_object_new:n . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\__kernel_dependency_version_- . . . . . . . . . . . 823, 834, 878, 900, 918
check:nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 29 \pdf_object_ref:n . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\__kernel_file_name_quote:n . . . . . . . . . . . 780, 847, 911, 926, 944, 949
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1866, 1892 \pdf_object_ref_last: . . . . . . . . .
\__kernel_kern:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800, 825, 828, 884
. . . . . . . . 2356, 2358, 2587, 2591, \pdf_object_unnamed_write:nn . . .
2594, 2598, 3081, 3089, 3092, 3108 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807, 854, 910, 925
\pdf_object_write:nnn . . . . . . . . .
L . . . . . . . . . . . 824, 835, 879, 901, 919
lua commands: pdf internal commands:
\lua_load_module:n . . . . . . . . . . 1141 \__pdf_backend:n . 2950, 2950, 2952,
2954, 2956, 2976, 2981, 2990, 3013,
M 3032, 3045, 3052, 3084, 3085, 3095
\MessageBreak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 \__pdf_backend_annotation:nnnn . .
mode commands: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2343, 2343,
\mode_if_horizontal:TF . . . 2503, 2510 2651, 2651, 3009, 3009, 3135, 3135
\mode_if_math:TF . . . . . . . . . . . . 2401 \__pdf_backend_annotation_-
msg commands: aux:nnnn . . . . . . . . . . . . 2345, 2348
\msg_error:nnn . . . . . . . . . . 538, 2110 \g__pdf_backend_annotation_int . .
\msg_new:nnn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 540 . . 2342, 2362, 2372, 3008, 3012, 3023
\__pdf_backend_annotation_last: .
O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2371, 2371,
\oddsidemargin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2425 2664, 2664, 3022, 3022, 3136, 3136
opacity internal commands: \__pdf_backend_bdc:nn 2645, 2645,
\__opacity_backend:nn . . . . . . . . . 2944, 2944, 3129, 3129, 3161, 3161
. . . . . . . 3331, 3332, 3334, 3336, 3337 \__pdf_backend_catalog_gput:nn . .
\__opacity_backend:nnn . . . . 3197, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2252, 2252,
3204, 3205, 3209, 3216, 3221, 3240 2757, 2757, 2953, 2953, 3145, 3145
\__opacity_backend_fill:n . . . . . . \__pdf_backend_compress_objects:n
. . 3197, 3207, 3293, 3293, 3331, 3333 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2611, 2623,
\__opacity_backend_fill_stroke:nn 2865, 2876, 3110, 3112, 3155, 3156
. . . . . . . . . . . 3295, 3301, 3305, 3328 \__pdf_backend_compresslevel:n . .
\l__opacity_backend_fill_tl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2611, 2611,
. . . . . . . . . . . 3254, 3263, 3302, 3310 2865, 2865, 3110, 3110, 3155, 3155

105
\l__pdf_backend_content_box 2340, \__pdf_backend_link_outerbox:n . .
2404, 2428, 2431, 2433, 2462, 2473 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 2422, 2480
\__pdf_backend_destination:nn . . . \g__pdf_backend_link_sf_int . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2552, 2552, . . . . . . . . . . . 2375, 2501, 2512, 2513
2720, 2720, 3050, 3050, 3143, 3143 \__pdf_backend_link_sf_restore: .
\__pdf_backend_destination:nnnn . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 2405, 2448, 2508
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2552, 2578, \__pdf_backend_link_sf_save: . . .
2720, 2743, 3050, 3072, 3143, 3144 . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 2400, 2418, 2499
\__pdf_backend_destination_- \l__pdf_backend_model_box . 2341,
aux:nnnn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2421, 2453, 2461, 2472, 2487, 2489
. . 2552, 2580, 2583, 3050, 3074, 3077 \__pdf_backend_objcompresslevel:n
\__pdf_backend_emc: . . 2645, 2647, . . . . . . . . . . . 2865, 2879, 2880, 2882
2944, 2946, 3129, 3131, 3161, 3162 \g__pdf_backend_object_int . . . . .
\__pdf_backend_info_gput:nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2256, 2259,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2252, 2254, 2262, 2330, 2332, 2337, 2361, 2362,
2757, 2767, 2953, 2955, 3145, 3146 2365, 2438, 2439, 2957, 2961, 2964,
\__pdf_backend_link:nw . . . . . . . 2382 2998, 3000, 3005, 3011, 3012, 3015
\__pdf_backend_link_aux:nw . . . 2382 \__pdf_backend_object_last: . . . .
\__pdf_backend_link_begin:n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2336, 2336,
. . . . . . . . . . . 3025, 3026, 3028, 3029 2843, 2843, 3004, 3004, 3147, 3153
\__pdf_backend_link_begin:nnnw . . \__pdf_backend_object_new:n 2257,
. . 2675, 2676, 2678, 2679, 3137, 3139 2257, 2778, 2778, 2959, 2959, 3147
\__pdf_backend_link_begin:nw . . . \__pdf_backend_object_new:nn . 3147
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2384, 2388, 2389 \__pdf_backend_object_now:nn . . .
\__pdf_backend_link_begin_aux:nw 2328, 2328, 2335, 2832, 2832, 2842,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2392, 2394 2996, 2996, 3003, 3147, 3151, 3152
\__pdf_backend_link_begin_- \g__pdf_backend_object_prop . . . .
goto:nnw . . . . . . . . 2382, 2382, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2777, 2957
2675, 2675, 3025, 3025, 3137, 3137 \__pdf_backend_object_ref:n . . . .
\__pdf_backend_link_begin_- . . . . . . . . 2257, 2264, 2269, 2778,
user:nnw . . . . . . . . 2382, 2387, 2796, 2959, 2966, 2971, 3147, 3148
2675, 2677, 3025, 3027, 3137, 3138 \__pdf_backend_object_write:nn . .
\g__pdf_backend_link_bool . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2798, 2809, 2811, 2840, 3147
. . . . . . . 2377, 2391, 2396, 2411, 2449 \__pdf_backend_object_write:nnn .
\g__pdf_backend_link_dict_tl . . . 2266, 2266, 2272, 2798, 2798, 2829,
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2374, 2399, 2444 2968, 2968, 2973, 3147, 3149, 3150
\__pdf_backend_link_end: . . . . . . . \__pdf_backend_object_write_-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 2409, array:nn . . . 2266, 2290, 2968, 2974
2675, 2690, 3025, 3044, 3137, 3140 \__pdf_backend_object_write_-
\__pdf_backend_link_end_aux: . . . aux:nnn . . . . 2266, 2268, 2273, 2331
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 2412, 2414 \__pdf_backend_object_write_-
\g__pdf_backend_link_int . . . . . . . dict:nn . . . . 2266, 2295, 2968, 2979
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2373, 2439, \__pdf_backend_object_write_-
2443, 2544, 3024, 3031, 3036, 3047 fstream:nn . 2266, 2300, 2968, 2984
\__pdf_backend_link_last: . . . . . . \__pdf_backend_object_write_-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2543, 2543, fstream:nnn . . . . . . . . . . 2303, 2305
2699, 2699, 3046, 3046, 3141, 3141 \__pdf_backend_object_write_-
\__pdf_backend_link_margin:n . . . stream:nn . . 2266, 2315, 2968, 2986
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2545, 2545, \__pdf_backend_object_write_-
2710, 2710, 3048, 3048, 3142, 3142 stream:nnn . . . . . 2266, 2318, 2320
\g__pdf_backend_link_math_bool . . \__pdf_backend_object_write_-
. . . . . . . 2376, 2402, 2403, 2406, 2416 stream:nnnn . 2968, 2985, 2987, 2988
\__pdf_backend_link_minima: . . . . \__pdf_backend_pageobject_ref:n .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 2420, 2451 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2338, 2338,

106
 2854, 2854, 3006, 3006, 3147, 3154 pdf.linkdp.pad . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 3400
\__pdf_backend_pagesize_gset:nn . pdf.linkht.pad . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 3400
. . 3165, 3165, 3184, 3184, 3191, 3191 pdf.linkmargin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3400
\__pdf_backend_pdfmark:n . . 2249, pdf.llx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 3403
2249, 2251, 2253, 2255, 2275, 2292, pdf.lly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 3403
2297, 2363, 2555, 2599, 2646, 2648 pdf.originx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474
\__pdf_backend_version_major: . . . pdf.originy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474
. . . 2637, 2643, 2643, 2921, 2921, pdf.outerbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 3716
3119, 3120, 3127, 3127, 3159, 3159 pdf.pdfmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3716
\__pdf_backend_version_major_- pdf.pdfmark.dict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3716
gset:n . . . . . . . . . . 2635, 2635, pdf.pdfmark.good . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3716
2893, 2893, 3117, 3117, 3157, 3157 pdf.pt.dvi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3396
\__pdf_backend_version_minor: . . . pdf.rect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403
. . . 2641, 2643, 2644, 2921, 2934, pdf.rect.ht . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3396
3124, 3125, 3127, 3128, 3159, 3160 pdf.rightboundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474
\__pdf_backend_version_minor_- pdf.save.linkll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403
gset:n . . . . . . . . . . 2635, 2639, pdf.save.linkur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403
2893, 2910, 3117, 3122, 3157, 3158 pdf.save.ll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403
\l__pdf_breaklink_pdfmark_tl . . . pdf.save.ur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2378, 2446, 2538 pdf.tmpa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439
\__pdf_breaklink_postscript:n . . . pdf.tmpb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439
. . . . . . . 2380, 2380, 2430, 2432, 2539 pdf.tmpc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439
\__pdf_breaklink_usebox:N . . . . . . pdf.tmpd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439
. . . . . . . . . . . 2381, 2381, 2431, 2540 pdf.urx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3403
\__pdf_exp_not_i:nn . . . . . . . . . . . pdf.ury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 3403
. . . . . . . . . . . 2798, 2819, 2824, 2830 pdfmanagement commands:
\__pdf_exp_not_ii:nn . . . . . . . . . . \pdfmanagement_add:nnn . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 2798, 2820, 2825, 2831 . . . . . . . 797, 3251, 3265, 3312, 3315
\l__pdf_internal_box . . . . . . . . 2246 \pdfmanagement_if_active_p: . . . .
pdf.baselineskip . . . . . . . . . . 2382, 3716 . . . . 792, 793, 3244, 3245, 3278, 3279
pdf.bordertracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474 peek commands:
pdf.bordertracking.begin . . . . . . . . 3474 \peek_meaning:NTF . . . . . . . 2151, 2154
pdf.bordertracking.continue . . . . . 3474 \peek_remove_spaces:n . . . . . . . 2149
pdf.bordertracking.end . . . . . . . . . 3474 prg commands:
pdf.bordertracking.endpage . . . . . . 3474 \prg_replicate:nn . . . . . . . . . . . . .
pdf.breaklink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3612 . . . . . . . . . . . 177, 628, 649, 659, 860
pdf.breaklink.write . . . . . . . . . . . . 3612 prop commands:
pdf.brokenlink.dict . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474 \prop_gput:Nnn . . . . . . . . . . . 586, 827
pdf.brokenlink.rect . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474 \prop_if_in:NnTF . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563
pdf.brokenlink.skip . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474 \prop_item:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
pdf.count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3612 \prop_new:N . . . . . . . . . 544, 2777, 2958
pdf.currentrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3612 \ProvidesExplFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
pdf.cvs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3396
pdf.dest.anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439 Q
pdf.dest.point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439 quark commands:
pdf.dest.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439 \quark_if_recursion_tail_stop:n 562
pdf.dest.y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439 \q_recursion_stop . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
pdf.dest2device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439 \q_recursion_tail . . . . . . . . . . . . 554
pdf.dev.x . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439
pdf.dev.y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3439 S
pdf.dvi.pt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3396 scan commands:
pdf.globaldict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3393 \scan_stop: . . . . . . . . . . . 122, 131,
pdf.leftboundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3474 484, 2179, 2182, 2693, 2718, 2741,
pdf.link.dict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2382 2755, 2874, 2891, 2899, 2906, 2919

107
scan internal commands: \tex_pdfextension:D . . . . . . . . . . .
\s__color_stop . . . . . . . . 639, 640, . . . . . 91, 102, 112, 122, 131, 140,
644, 648, 661, 664, 668, 672, 686, 469, 479, 2654, 2682, 2693, 2723,
861, 890, 894, 1028, 1030, 1051, 1053 2746, 2760, 2770, 2781, 2801, 2835
\s__graphics_stop . . . . . . . . . . . . . \tex_pdffeedback:D . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 1810, 1844, 2144, 2159, . . . 457, 2668, 2703, 2790, 2847, 2858
2166, 2170, 2172, 2174, 2229, 2237 \tex_pdfinfo:D . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2773
separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3390 \tex_pdflastannot:D . . . . . . . . . 2671
seq commands: \tex_pdflastlink:D . . . . . . . . . . 2706
\seq_set_from_clist:Nn . . . . . . . . . \tex_pdflastobj:D . . . . . . . 2793, 2850
. . . . . . . . . . . 1742, 1766, 1912, 2100 \tex_pdflastximage:D . . . . 1812, 1840
shipout commands: \tex_pdflastximagepages:D . . . . 1906
\l_shipout_box . . . . . 2522, 2524, 2532 \tex_pdflinkmargin:D . . . . . . . . 2716
skip commands: \tex_pdfliteral:D . . . . . . 94, 105, 115
\skip_horizontal:n . . . . 226, 274, 331 \tex_pdfmajorversion:D . . . . . . . . .
str commands: . . . . . . . . . . . 2903, 2905, 2929, 2930
\c_hash_str . . . . 397, 1606, 1613, 1653 \tex_pdfminorversion:D . . . 2917, 2941
\c_percent_str . . . . . 1071, 1072, 1073 \tex_pdfobj:D . . . . . . 2784, 2804, 2838
\str_case:nn . . . . . . . . 866, 2279, 2813 \tex_pdfobjcompresslevel:D . . . 2889
\str_case:nnTF . . . . . 2559, 2729, 3057 \tex_pdfpageref:D . . . . . . . . . . . 2861
\str_convert_pdfname:n . 587, 607, 816 \tex_pdfrefximage:D . . . . . 1840, 1847
\str_if_empty:NTF . . . . . . . 1781, 1797 \tex_pdfrestore:D . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
\str_if_empty_p:N . . . . . . . . . . . 1822 \tex_pdfsave:D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
\str_if_eq:nnTF . . . . . 536, 766, 3307 \tex_pdfsetmatrix:D . . . . . . . . . . 143
\tex_pdfstartlink:D . . . . . . . . . 2685
\str_new:N . . . . . . . . . 1855, 1856, 1857
\tex_pdfvariable:D . . . . . . . 2713,
\str_tail:N . . . . . . . . . . . . 1869, 1895
2869, 2886, 2898, 2914, 2925, 2938
sys commands:
\tex_pdfximage:D . . . . . . . . 1817, 1904
\sys_if_shell:TF . . . . . . . . . . . . 1853
\tex_spacefactor:D . . . . . . 2504, 2513
\sys_shell_now:n . . . . . . . . . . . . 1880
\tex_special:D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
\tex_the:D . . . . 1812, 2925, 2930, 2936
T
\tex_vss:D . . . . 2589, 2596, 3087, 3106
TEX and LATEX 2ε commands:
\tex_XeTeXpdffile:D . . . . . 2036, 2082
\@ifl@t@r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 51
\tex_XeTeXpdfpagecount:D . . . . . 2092
\@makecol@hook . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2516
\tex_XeTeXpicfile:D . . . . . . . . . 2027
\special . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
TeXcolorseparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3390
tex commands: \textwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2488
\tex_afterassignment:D . . . . . . . 2178 tl commands:
\tex_baselineskip:D . . . . . . . . . 2493 \c_space_tl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
\tex_endinput:D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 . 288, 293, 296, 549, 554, 592, 695,
\tex_global:D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769, 979, 1582, 1752, 1753, 1754,
. . . . . . . 2867, 2884, 2898, 2905, 2912 1755, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1993,
\tex_immediate:D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2062,
. . . . . . . 1817, 2801, 2804, 2835, 2838 2084, 2211, 2212, 2213, 2214, 2444,
\tex_luatexversion:D . . . . 2896, 2924 2673, 2708, 2852, 2863, 3015, 3037
\tex_pageheight:D . . . . . . . . . . . 3187 \tl_clear:N . . . . . . . . . 1774, 1790,
\tex_pagewidth:D . . . . . . . . . . . . 3186 1924, 1932, 2026, 2034, 2191, 2198
\tex_pdfannot:D . . . . . . . . . . . . 2657 \tl_gclear:N . . . . . . . . . . . 1620, 1656
\tex_pdfcatalog:D . . . . . . . . . . . 2763 \tl_gset:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . 1579, 2399
\tex_pdfcolorstack:D . . . . . . 472, 482 \tl_if_blank:nTF . . . . . . . 462, 547,
\tex_pdfcolorstackinit:D . . . . . . 460 643, 660, 667, 685, 811, 893, 2061, 2147
\tex_pdfcompresslevel:D . . . . . . 2872 \tl_if_empty:NTF . 1582, 1777, 1827,
\tex_pdfdest:D . . . . . . . . . 2726, 2749 1836, 1963, 1967, 1994, 2009, 2049
\tex_pdfendlink:D . . . . . . . . . . . 2696 \tl_if_empty:nTF . . . . . . . . . 905, 1676

108
 \tl_if_empty_p:N . . . . . . . . 1821, 2006 U
\tl_new:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507, use commands:
508, 1586, 1770, 2374, 2378, 3254, 3255 \use:N . . . . . . . . . 43, 2288, 2970, 2999
\use:n . . . . . . . . 58, 795, 821, 876,
\tl_put_right:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . 2520
1032, 1042, 1055, 1288, 1412, 1477,
\tl_set:Nn . . . . . . . . 509, 510, 519, 1489, 1501, 1661, 2056, 2140, 2162
520, 965, 977, 1775, 1792, 1883, \use_none:n . . . . . . . . . . . . 1678, 2516
2379, 2538, 3263, 3264, 3310, 3311
\tl_to_str:n . . . . 2143, 2165, 2261, V
2265, 2788, 2797, 2808, 2963, 2967 \value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2424
vbox commands:
\tl_use:N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727, 840
\vbox_set:Nn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2524
token commands: \vbox_to_zero:n 2585, 2592, 3079, 3090
\c_math_toggle_token . . . . 2407, 2417 \vbox_unpack_drop:N . . . . . . . . . 2532

109