Project Methodologies & Processes

Session 03 & 04
Content
• What are Project management methodologies
• Traditional VS Agile methodologies
• Project Lifecycle
• Project Management Process Groups
• PRINCE 2 – 7 Steps Process
What is Project Management Methodology?
• A strategic-level plan for managing and controlling the project
• Game plan for implementing project and product lifecycles
• Recommends phases, processes, tools, and techniques for supporting an IT project
• Must be flexible and include “best practices” learned from experiences over time.
• Can be
✓Traditional (e.g., Waterfall)
✓Agile (e.g., XPM, SCRUM)
Traditional Project Management
• Traditional project management, also known as the Waterfall method, is a linear and
sequential approach to project management.
• It follows a strict methodology where each project phase, such as planning, design,
development, and testing, must be completed before moving on to the next step.
• This method is best suited for projects with well-defined requirements and predictable
outcomes.
• The Waterfall model consists of several phases, such as:
✓Requirements gathering and analysis
✓Design
✓Development
✓Testing
✓Deployment
✓Maintenance
 Agile Project Management
• Agile software development is a general approach that emphasizes teamwork, collaboration,
timeboxing, and flexibility to respond quickly to change.
• Agile management certifications emphasize teamwork, customer collaboration, and flexibility.
With each software development iteration, this approach focuses on incorporating customer
feedback and releasing continuous updates.
• Agile software development emphasizes changes and collaboration over a predefined process
to deliver results. Agile’s adaptive planning is perhaps its best feature, making it a favorite of
project managers worldwide.
• Agile frameworks such as Scrum and Kanban are widely used
• At every stage of the software development process, the company emphasizes customer
satisfaction and uses available teams to speed up development.
Traditional Methodology VS Agile Methodology
Traditional Methodology Agile Methodology

The Waterfall model is used. Iterative and incremental development.

Emphasis on planning and design. Emphasis on flexibility and adaptability.

Emphasis on deliverables and completion Emphasis on customer satisfaction

Projects are completed in phases. Projects are completed in sprints.

The strict change management process. Encourages changes and improvements.

Team roles and responsibilities are fixed. Team roles and responsibilities are flexible.

Limited customer involvement High customer involvement

Risk management is proactive Risk management is reactive

Suitable for projects with well-defined requirements Suitable for projects with changing requirements
Project life cycle

• The 4 Phases of the Project Management Life Cycle

✓Initiation
✓Planning
✓Execution
✓Closure
• These phases make up the path that takes your project from the beginning to the
end.
1. Initiation
• First, you need to identify a business need, problem, or opportunity and
brainstorm ways that your team can meet this need, solve this problem, or seize
this opportunity.
• During this step, you figure out an objective for your project, determine whether
the project is feasible, and identify the major deliverables for the project.
1. Initiation Cont.
• Steps for the project initiation phase may include the following:

✓Undertaking a feasibility study: Identify the primary problem your project will solve and
whether your project will deliver a solution to that problem

✓Identifying scope: Define the depth and breadth of the project

✓Identifying deliverables: Define the product or service to provide
✓Identifying project stakeholders: Figure out whom the project affects and what their needs
may be
✓Developing a business case: Use the above criteria to compare the potential costs and benefits
for the project to determine if it moves forward
✓Developing a statement of work: Document the project’s objectives, scope, and deliverables
that you have identified previously as a working agreement between the project owner and
those working on the project
2. Planning

• Once the project is approved to move forward based on your business case,
statement of work, or project initiation document, you move into the planning
phase.
• During this phase of the project management life cycle, you break down the larger
project into smaller tasks, build your team, and prepare a schedule for the
completion of assignments.
• Create smaller goals within the larger project, making sure each is achievable
within the time frame. Smaller goals should have a high potential for success.
2. Planning Cont.
• Steps for the project planning phase may include the following:

✓Creating a project plan: Identify the project timeline, including the phases of the project, the tasks
to be performed, and possible constraints
✓Creating workflow diagrams: Visualize your processes using swim lanes to make sure team
members clearly understand their role in a project
✓Estimating budget and creating a financial plan: Use cost estimates to determine how much to
spend on the project to get the maximum return on investment
✓Gathering resources: Build your functional team from internal and external talent pools while
making sure everyone has the necessary tools (software, hardware, etc.) to complete their tasks
✓Anticipating risks and potential quality roadblocks: Identify issues that may cause your project to
stall while planning to mitigate those risks and maintain the project’s quality and timeline
✓Holding a project kickoff meeting: Bring your team on board and outline the project so they can
quickly get to work
3. Execution

• You’ve received business approval, developed a plan, and built your team. Now
it’s time to get to work.
• The execution phase turns your plan into action. The project manager’s job in this
phase of the project management life cycle is to keep work on track, organize
team members, manage timelines, and make sure the work is done according to
the original plan.
3. Execution Cont.
• Steps for the project execution phase may include the following:

✓Creating tasks and organizing workflows: Assign granular aspects of the

projects to the appropriate team members, making sure team members are
not overworked
✓Briefing team members on tasks: Explain tasks to team members, providing
necessary guidance on how they should be completed, and organizing process-
related training if necessary
✓Communicating with team members, clients, and upper management: Provide
updates to project stakeholders at all levels
✓Monitoring quality of work: Ensure that team members are meeting their time
and quality goals for tasks
✓Managing budget: Monitor spending and keeping the project on track in terms
of assets and resources
4. Closure

• Once your team has completed work on a project, you enter the closure phase.
• In the closure phase, you provide final deliverables, release project resources, and
determine the success of the project.
• Just because the major project work is over, that doesn’t mean the project
manager’s job is done—there are still important things to do, including evaluating
what did and did not work with the project.
4. Closure Cont.
• Steps for the project closure phase may include the following:
✓Analyzing project performance: Determine whether the project's goals were met (tasks
completed, on time and on budget) and the initial problem solved using a prepared checklist.
✓Analyzing team performance: Evaluate how team members performed, including whether they
met their goals along with timeliness and quality of work
✓Documenting project closure: Make sure that all aspects of the project are completed with no
loose ends remaining and providing reports to key stakeholders
✓Conducting post-implementation reviews: Conduct a final analysis of the project, taking into
account lessons learned for similar projects in the future
✓Accounting for used and unused budget: Allocate remaining resources for future projects
Project Management Process Groups
 PRINCE2 – 7 Processes
• PRINCE2 (Projects IN Controlled Environments) is a widely used project management
framework that provides a structured and scalable approach for managing projects
• This method has been introduced for information technology projects
1. Starting up a Project
• The primary process includes activities that are necessary to make sure that it is a worthwhile
and viable project. The activities involved in this process are the following ones,

✓Appointment of the project and executive manager

✓Appoint and design the project management team.
✓Capture previous lessons.
✓Prepare an outline business case.
✓Choose the project approach and accumulate the project brief.
✓Plan the initiation stage.
2. Directing a Project
• This process includes the project board. In this process, authorization is given to manage a
project, to proceed continuously, and to provide ad hoc direction when needed. The activities
of directing a Project process include the following,

✓Authorize initiation.
✓Authorize the project.
✓Authorize stage or an execution plan.
✓Provide ad hoc direction.
✓Authorize project closure.
3. Initiating a Project
• Initiating a Project procedure is aimed towards the Project Manager, who performs the
maximum job in this process. In the other project management methods, this process is
termed as planning. It is a time-consuming part of project management and the most
important one too. The failure and success of a project are related directly to the planning
level that was done. The activities in this step include the following:

✓Agree on tailoring needs.

✓Preparing the risk management approach
✓Preparing the change control approach
✓Preparing the quality management approach
✓Preparing communication management approach
✓Set project controls.
✓Create a project plan.
✓Formulate the Benefits Management Approach
✓Assemble the PID or project initiation documentation
 3. Initiating a Project Cont.
• The project manager has the responsibility to assemble the PID. It comprises of the following
items,

✓Project definition
✓Project approach
✓Business case
✓Team structure
✓Role descriptions
✓Quality management approach
✓Change control approach.
✓Risk management approach
✓Communication management approach
✓Project plan
✓Project controls
4. Controlling Stage
• This process includes making sure that the management stage stays within tolerance. It starts
when a stage is authorized to move forward by a project board and its activities are carried
out by a project manager.

✓Authorizing a work package

✓Review status of work package
✓Get completed work packages
✓Review management stage status
✓Report highlights
✓Assess and capture issues and risks
✓Escalate risks and issues
✓Take corrective action
5. Managing Product Delivery
• This product focuses on the delivery of the end service or product of a project. It is performed
by the team manager primarily, the technical manager, who transfers the reports and the
project to the project manager. Three major activities in this process are as follows:

✓Accepting a work package

✓Perform a work package
✓Send a work package
6. Managing State Boundaries
• As management stage approaches, this procedure comes in. It is needed so that a project
board may review the success of the present stage and approve the succeeding stage. At state
boundaries, PID is updated, and most project documents are confirmed and reviewed. The
activities performed by the project manager are as follows:

✓Planning the succeeding management stage

✓Updating the project plan
✓Updating a business case
✓Report Management stage
✓Create an exception plan
7. Closing a Project
• A project is a provisional endeavor. It has a beginning and an end.
• The project closure jobs are very small and visible to senior management; therefore, they
have a vast role in project success.
• The five activities in the Closing a Project process are as follows,
✓Prepare planned closure.
✓Prepare premature closure.
✓Hand over products
✓Evaluate the project.
✓Recommend project closure.
• The Project Manager recommends project closure for the Project Board’s approval.
Activity 01

• Develop a mind map for the lesson

Thank You