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Lab 1

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18 views14 pages

Lab 1

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the.legend.adit
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Course: EEE 4304 (Electronics II Lab)

Experiment no.: 01
Name of the experiment: Study of Operational Amplifier as an Inverting Amplifier, Non-
inverting Amplifier and Voltage Follower (Buffer), Adder, Integrator, Differentiator.

Name : Munshaat Atiq Nuzaba


Section :B
Student ID : 210021210
Department : EEE
Objective:

1. To observe the inverting amplifier operation of an Op-Amp.

2. To observe the non-inverting amplifier operation of an Op-Amp.

3. To observe the voltage follower (buffer) operation of an Op-Amp.

4. To observe the adder operation of an Op-Amp.

5. To observe the integrator operation of an Op-Amp.

6. To observe the differentiator operation of an Op-Amp.

Software:

Proteus

Task 1: To observe inverting operation of an Op-amp


Task 2: To observe the non-inverting amplifier operation of an Op
Task 3: To observe the voltage follower (buffer) operation of an Op-Amp
Task4: To observe the adder operation of an Op-Amp
V4 = 0 V

V4 = 5 V
V4 = - 5 V

Task 5: To observe the integrator operation of an Op-Amp


Additional task
1.

Operational amplifier circuit performs the mathematical operation of


Differentiation, that is it produces a voltage output which is directly proportional
to the input voltage’s rate-of-change with respect to time. In the differentiator
amplifier circuit, capacitor is connected to the input terminal of the inverting
amplifier while the resistor, Rƒ forms the negative feedback element across the
operational amplifier as normal.

The input signal to the differentiator is applied to the capacitor. The capacitor
blocks any DC content so there is no current flow to the amplifier summing point,
X resulting in zero output voltage. The capacitor only allows AC type input voltage
changes to pass through and whose frequency is dependant on the rate of change
of the input signal. At low frequencies the reactance of the capacitor is “High”
resulting in a low gain ( Rƒ/Xc ) and low output voltage from the op-amp. At higher
frequencies the reactance of the capacitor is much lower resulting in a higher gain
and higher output voltage from the differentiator amplifier. However, at high
frequencies an op-amp differentiator circuit becomes unstable and will start to
oscillate. This is due mainly to the first-order effect, which determines the
frequency response of the op-amp circuit causing a second-order response which,
at high frequencies gives an output voltage far higher than what would be
expected. To avoid this the high frequency gain of the circuit needs to be reduced
by adding an additional small value capacitor across the feedback resistor Rƒ.
Square Wave
Triangular Wave

Sine Wave
2.

R = 2k, R1 = 2K, R2 = 2K

Vo = 1 V, Vi = 1 V

Gain = Vo/Vi = 1/1 = 1

Discussion :
The objective of this experiment was to study the different applications of an
Operational Amplifier. Using the proteus software, circuit diagrams were made on
schematic and various applications of an Op-amp were verified from the results.
From the graphs obtained from the simulation, it can be seen perfectly that an
Op-amp acts as an amplifier, both as inverting and non inverting, buffer, adder,
integrator and differentiator. There are no cases of error in the simulation and the
objectives were met.

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