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12 Fourier - Series - Types

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17 views2 pages

12 Fourier - Series - Types

Uploaded by

jimmyiniobong43
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© © All Rights Reserved
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FOURIER SERIES TYPES

http://www.tutorialspoint.com/signals_and_systems/fourier_series_types.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com

Trigonometric Fourier Series TF S


2π
sin nω0 t and sin mω0 t are orthogonal over the interval (t0 , t0 + ω0
) . So sin ω0 t, sin 2ω0 t forms
an orthogonal set. This set is not complete without {cos nω0 t } because this cosine set is also
orthogonal to sine set. So to complete this set we must include both cosine and sine terms. Now
the complete orthogonal set contains all cosine and sine terms i.e. {sin nω0 t, cos nω0 t } where
n=0, 1, 2...

∴ Any function xt in the interval (t0 , t0 + 2π


ω0
) can be represented as

x(t) = a0 cos 0ω0 t + a1 cos 1ω0 t + a2 cos 2ω0 t+. . . +an cos nω0 t+. . .
+b0 sin 0ω0 t + b1 sin 1ω0 t+. . . +bn sin nω0 t+. . .
= a0 + a1 cos 1ω0 t + a2 cos 2ω0 t+. . . +an cos nω0 t+. . .
+b1 sin 1ω0 t+. . . +bn sin nω0 t+. . .

∞
∴ x(t) = a0 + ∑(an cos nω0 t + bn sin nω0 t) (t0 < t < t0 + T )
n=1

The above equation represents trigonometric Fourier series representation of xt .

∫tt00 +T x(t) ⋅ 1dt 1 t0 +T


Where a0 = = ⋅∫ x(t)dt
∫tt00 +T 2
1 dt T t0

∫tt00 +T x(t) ⋅ cos nω0 t dt


an =
∫tt00 +T cos2 nω0 t dt

∫tt00 +T x(t) ⋅ sin nω0 t dt


bn =
∫tt00 +T sin2 nω0 t dt
t0 +T t0 +T
T
Here ∫ cos2 nω0 t dt = ∫ sin2 nω0 t dt =
t0 t0 2
t0 +T
2
∴ an = ⋅∫ x(t) ⋅ cos nω0 t dt
T t0

t0 +T
2
bn = ⋅∫ x(t) ⋅ sin nω0 t dt
T t0

Exponential Fourier Series EF S


Consider a set of complex exponential functions {ejnω0 t } (n = 0, ±1, ±2...) which is orthogonal
2π
over the interval (t0 , t0 + T ) . Where T = . This is a complete set so it is possible to represent
ω0
any function ft as shown below

f(t) = F0 + F1 ejω0 t + F2 ej2ω0 t +. . . +Fn ejnω0 t +. . .


F−1e−jω0 t + F−2e−j2ω0 t+. . . +F−n e−jnω0 t +. . .

∞
∴ f(t) = ∑ Fn ejnω0 t (t0 < t < t0 + T). . . . . . . (1)
n=−∞

Equation 1 represents exponential Fourier series representation of a signal ft over the interval (t0 ,
t0 +T). The Fourier coefficient is given as

t +T
∫t 0 f(t)(ejnω0 t )∗ dt
Fn = 0
t +T
∫t 0 ejnω0 t (ejnω0 t )∗ dt
0

t +T
∫t 0 f(t)e−jnω0 t dt
= 0
t +T
∫t 0 e−jnω0 t ejnω0 t dt
0

t +T
∫t 0 f(t)e−jnω0 t dt 1 t0 +T
= 0
t +T
= ∫ f(t)e−jnω0 t dt
∫t 0 1 dt T t0
0

t0 +T
1
∴ Fn = ∫ f(t)e−jnω0 t dt
T t0

Relation Between Trigonometric and Exponential Fourier Series


Consider a periodic signal xt , the TFS & EFS representations are given below respectively

x(t) = a0 + Σ∞
n=1 (an cos n ω0 t + bn sin n ω0 t). . . . . . (1)

x(t) = Σ∞
n=−∞Fn e
jnω0 t

= F0 + F1 ejω0 t + F2 ej2ω0 t +. . . +Fn ejnω0 t +. . .


F−1e−jω0 t + F−2e−j2ω0 t +. . . +F−n e−jnω0 t +. . .
= F0 + F1 (cos ω0 t + j sin ω0 t) + F2 (cos2ω0 t + j sin 2ω0 t)+. . . +Fn (cos nω0 t + j sin nω0 t)+. . . +F−1 (cos ω0 t − j sin ω0 t) + F−2 (cos 2ω0 t − j sin 2ω0 t)+. . . +F−n (cos nω0 t − j sin nω0 t)+. . .
= F0 + (F1 + F−1 ) cos ω0 t + (F2 + F−2 ) cos 2ω0 t+. . . +j(F1 − F−1 ) sin ω0 t + j(F2 − F−2 ) sin 2ω0 t+. . .
∴ x(t) = F0 + Σ∞
n=1 ((Fn + F−n ) cos nω0 t + j(Fn − F−n ) sin nω0 t). . . . . . (2)

Compare equation 1 and 2.

a0 = F0
an = Fn + F−n
bn = j(Fn − F−n )
Similarly,

= 1( −j )
Fn = 12 (an − jbn )

F−n = 12 (an + jbn )

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