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Independent and Dependent Variable

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12 views18 pages

Independent and Dependent Variable

Uploaded by

Aadhithan G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT

VARIABLES
VARIABLES

• A variable is an object, event, idea, feeling,


time period, or any other type of category
you are trying to measure. There are two
types of variables-independent and
dependent.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

• An independent variable is exactly what it sounds


like. “It is a variable that stands alone and isn't
changed by the other variables you are trying to
measure.

• For example, someone's age might be an


independent variable. Other factors (such as what
they eat, how much they go to school, how much
television they watch) aren't going to change a
person's age.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
• In fact, when you are looking for some kind of
relationship between variables you are trying to
see if the independent variable causes some kind
of change in the other variables, or dependent
variables.“
• Independent variable causes a change in
Dependent Variable and it isn't possible that
Dependent Variable could cause a change in
Independent Variable.
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
• For example
(Time Spent Studying) causes a change in
(Test Score) and it isn't possible that (Test Score)
could cause a change in (Time Spent Studying). We
see that "Time Spent Studying" must be the
independent variable and "Test Score" must be the
dependent variable because the sentence doesn't
make sense the other way around.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES

• A dependent variable is what you measure in the


experiment and what is affected during the
experiment. The dependent variable responds to
the independent variable. It is called dependent
because it "depends" on the independent variable.
In a scientific experiment, you cannot have a
dependent variable without an independent
variable.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES

• A dependent variable is exactly what it sounds like.


It is something that depends on other factors. For
example, a test score could be a dependent
variable because it could change depending on
several factors such as how much you studied, how
much sleep you got the night before you took the
test, or even how hungry you were when you
took the test.
DEPENDENT VARIABLES
• Usually when you are looking for a relationship
between two things you are trying to find out what
makes the dependent variable change the way it does.
Many people have trouble remembering which the
independent variable is and which the dependent
variable is! An easy way to remember is to insert the
names of the two variables you are using in this
sentence in the way that makes the most sense. Then
you can figure out which is the independent variable
and which is the dependent variable: (Independent
variable) causes a change in (Dependent Variable) and
it isn't possible that (Dependent Variable) could cause
a change in (Independent Variable).
DEPENDENT VARIABLES

• Example:
You are interested in how stress affects heart
rate in humans. Your independent variable
would be the stress and the dependent variable
would be the heart rate. You can directly
manipulate stress levels in your human subjects
and measure how those stress levels change
heart rate.
INDEPENDENT & DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Predictor Criterion
Presumed Cause Presumed Effects
Stimulus Response
Predicated from Predicated to
Antecedent Consequence
Manipulated Measured outcome
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• The most important reason for doing research is to


produce new knowledge and understanding, and
to disseminate it to make it available to everyone.
When planning a research project, it is essential to
know what the current state of knowledge is in
your chosen subject as it is obviously a waste of
time to spend months producing knowledge that is
already freely available.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Therefore, one of the first steps in planning a


research project is to do a literature review: that is,
to trawl through all the available information
sources in order to track down the latest
knowledge, and to assess it for relevance, quality,
controversy and gaps. The last two will indicate
where additional research is required – to try to
resolve a controversy or to fill a gap. This chapter
explains where to find the necessary information
and how to analyze it and present it so that you
can devise a solid basis for your research project.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• We are in an age of radical information expansion.


Whatever your subject, there can be no excuse
that you are faced with a lack of information. The
problem lies in where to find relevant information
of the right quality. Any trawl through the Internet
will demonstrate what a lot of rubbish there is on
every subject under the sun. Even a visit to the
library or a good bookshop can be a daunting
experience.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE

• Luckily, you can easily learn how to use


sophisticated methods of trawling for the
information you need. No need to spend hours in
dusty archives, no need to buy lots of expensive
books, but there is a need to get skilled in search-
and-find techniques and in methods of appraisal.
Where you look will depend on the subject you
have chosen. Some sources cover most subjects,
others are specialized in a narrow range, and will
hence provide more detail. Here is a list of places
you can search.

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