AUTOMATED WASTE SEGREGATION

VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi

A Mini Project Report on

“AUTOMATED WASTE SEGREGATION ”

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for 5th Semester
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By

Under the guidance of

Prof. .
Department of ECE

BHEEMANNA KHANDRE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTONICS &COMMUNICATION ENGNEERING
BHALKI-585 328
2024 - 2025
S. V. E. Society’s

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BHEEMANNA KHANDRE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTONICS&COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
BHALKI-585 328

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project “AUTOMATED WASTE SEGREGATION" has been
successfully carried out by‘Shubham(3RB22EC070),Varun(3RB22EC088)&Vijay(3RB22ECO91)’
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the 5th semester of Bachelor of Engineering in
Electronics & Communication Engineering of Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi,
during the academic year 2024-2025. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for
Internal Assessment have been incorporated in Report deposited in departmental library. The
project has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of Mini Project work
prescribed for the Bachelor of Engineering Degree.

Project Guide Project Co-ordinators

Prof. Sanjeev Gogga Dr. Prof.

Dept of ECE Dept of ECE Dept of ECE

HOD Principal
Dr. Prashant Sangulagi Dr. Udaykumar Kalyane
Dept of ECE BKIT, Bhalki

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1.____________________ _________________________

2.____________________ ________________________

S. V. E. Society’s

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BHEEMANNA KHANDRE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTONICS&COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
BHALKI-585 328

DECLARATION
We,‘SHUBHAM-(3RB22EC070),VARUN-(3RB22EC088)&VIJAY(3RB22ECO91)’

students of 5th Semester Bachelor of Engineering, in the Department of Electronics &

communication Engineering, Bheemanna Khandre Institute of Technology, Bhalki
declare that the Mini project on " AUTOMATED WASTE SEGREGATION " has been carried
out by us and submitted in practical fulfillment of course requirements for the 5th semester
of degree in Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics & communication Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the academic year 2024-2025. The
matter embodied in this report has not been submitted to any other university or institution
for the award of any other degree or diploma.

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Acknowledgement
First and foremost, we are grateful to our Project Guide Prof.. Sanjeev
Gogga. Electronics & Communication Engineering Department for his particularly
important technical reviews, valuable suggestions & positive criticism. We
experienced an enthusiastic interest from his side which fueled our enthusiasm to go
even further and encouraged us immensely. We learnt a lot under his guidance.

The support and motivation of the Project Co-ordinators, Dr . and Prof.

. was significant in the proper documentation of this project.

We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our Principal, Dr.
Udaykumar Kalyane and Dr. Prashant Sangulagi HOD, E & CE for providing such a
congenial working environment & access to resources in the department.

All the Staff Members of Electronics &Communication Engineering Dept.

deserves thanks for their positive & valuable feedback at all times.

Last but definitely not the least, we would like to thank all of our teachers,
including our parents, for all that they have ever taught us; and our project team for
working long hours to make this project a success.

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➢
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AUTOMATE
WASTE
SEGREGATION

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CONTENTS

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CHAPTER 1: Introduction 8

CHAPTER 2: Review of related literature 9-11

❖ 2.1 Literature survey
❖ 2.2 Problem Statement
❖ 2.3 Objectives
CHAPTER 3: Methodology 12-24
❖ Proposed system
❖ Components
❖ Working
❖ Block diagrams and circuit diagrams
❖ Design considerations
❖ Design procedure
❖ Code

CHAPTER 4: Results and Discussion 25-26

❖ Results and discussion

CHAPTER 5: Conclusion and Scope of Future work 27

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ABSTRACT
Waste Management and segregation is a much-needed process in metro cities and urban
areas due to spreading of diseases. It is estimated that India produces 42.0 million tons of
municipal solid waste annually at present. Waste lying littered in the surrounding, dumped
on open lands, becomes a major problem for various types of disease-causing bacteria and
viruses hence, segregation, transport, handling and disposal of waste must be managed
properly to minimize the risks of the public and environment. When mixed dry and wet
waste breaks down in lowland, it creates nasty greenhouse gases. Segregation makes it
attainable to utilize and recycle the waste effectively. This waste segregator system can
easily segregate waste. When waste is thrown in the pipe, IR sensor will sense the waste.
Waste is divided into three categories namely Wet, Dry and Metallic. Another sensor will
sense the garbage category. As per the algorithm used, if the waste is metallic then the
mechanism will bring the metal collecting bin below the pipe and with the help of servo
motor the waste will fall into the metal bin. Similarly, the process will repeat if wet waste is
sensed. If the sensor doesn’t activate the sensor category, then the waste will be
considered to be a dry waste. Segregation system for household use, so that it can be sent
directly for processing. It is designed to sort the refuse into metallic waste, wet waste and
dry waste. The AWS employs parallel resonant impedance sensing mechanism to identify
metallic items, and capacitive sensors to distinguish between wet and dry waste.
Experimental results show that the segregation of waste into metallic, wet and dry waste
has been successfully implemented using the AWS.

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CHAPTER 1
1.INTRODUCTION
Efficient waste management is crucial for sustainability. The Wet-Dry-Metal Waste Segregation
Project using Arduino automates the sorting of waste into wet, dry, and metal categories. This
smart dustbin utilizes sensors and an Arduino microcontroller to detect and segregate different
types of waste, reducing manual sorting errors and promoting recycling. The project not only
improves waste management efficiency but also provides an educational experience in electronics
and programming.

1.1 Definition of Waste Segregation Waste segregation is the separating and sorting of waste to
facilitate recycling and, when sorted, waste is more easily recycled thereby saving you money and
time.
1.2 Waste Segregation in developed countries :-

1. 1 Most of the developed countries like Germany, Netherland, USA etc are using advanced
management techniques (Enhanced Resolution, Mobile sorting) that are proving to be very
helpful in eluding the waste as well as creating a better probability of recycling and reuse.

2. 2 Use of such techniques in Germany has resulted in increasing the level of recycling to 62% by
2010, and land filling was almost reduced to zero by that time.

3. 3 Although, adequate laws are required to run a country waste free as Germany put a ban on
land filling MSW by defining requirements to the organic content.

4. 4 This initiative has made a boon in the development of Mechanical biological treatment plants
(MBTs) that redirects the biodegradable material to fermentation and composting plants for
the production of biogas.

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CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

LITERATURE REVIEW
In [1] Rapid increase in volume and types of solid and hazardous waste due to continuous
economic growth. It is estimated that in 2005-06 the total amount of municipal solid waste
generated globally reached 2.02 billion tones, representing a 7% annual increase since 2003.
The segregation, transport, handling, and disposal of waste needs to be properly managed to
minimize the risk to the health and safety of patients, the public, and the environment. This
paper proposes an Automated Waste Segregator (AWS) which is a cheap as well as easy to
use solution for a segregation system for household use, so that it can be sent directly for
processing. It is designed to sort the refuse into dry and wet waste. The AWS employs
capacitive sensors to distinguish between wet and dry waste. Experimental results show that
the segregation of waste into wet and dry waste has been successfully implemented using
the AWS.

In [2] Waste management, both indoor and outdoor, is almost done manually. This is
unhygienic, and requires significant amount of valuable human resource to get it done.
Outdoor waste management is automated to an extent. Therefore, a proposal to fully
automate indoor waste management, by making the existing disposal outlets more intelligent
and using a movable waste collecting robot, is discussed in this paper. The filling of the
dustbin is monitored by ultrasonic sensors and if it is filled to the brim, the Arduino Nano
controller transmits the data to the robot with the aid of wireless Zig bee 802.15.4 protocol.
The robot is designed in such a way that it effectively tracks the location of the filled dustbin
and collects the waste in its storage part. The RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) value
from the message received is used to identify which dustbin is full and its location based on
Wave Front Algorithm. In comparison with the existing systems, the proposed system exhibits
appreciable efficiency in power consumption and making it an ideal candidate for waste
management.

In [3] In last few decades garbage management has become a perilous matter in the
developing country along with the rapid growth in the population and pollution. In most of the
areas it is revealed that overflowed garbage bins are not emptied on time thus creating
disease ridden environment and infirm countries. Collection of garbage in bins faces daily
variation in quantity according to time as well. Waste picking vehicles of Municipal
Corporation which are at fixed intervals has dwindling reliability and unmonitored collection
system. The proposed model makes an IOT based smart garbage monitoring system which
can detect the garbage level of the dustbin and via Wi-Fi and GSM the status and location of
bins can be displayed on web server. This system will improve the coordination between the
transportation process and garbage collection

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In [4] This research aimed to design and develop an autonomous robot to feasibly address
waste disposal issues in common indoor places. The researchers found a path to improve
plan by using Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). And also, they utilized the Microcontroller unit to
control sound, input proximity and IR sensors, and output geared DC motors through
machine learning and electromechanical interface. They simulated an adaptive algorithm
using Mamdani-type FLC model, implemented this algorithm using C programming language,
then downloaded as machine code to a real prototype. Based on test results, the waste robot
accurately detects human involvement, a feature that would be pivotal in overcoming
individual indifferences on waste management. This research chronicled how a waste
management robot prototype was designed and developed as feasible solution to address
waste disposal issues in strategic locations such as households, offices.

In [5] An Automated Waste Control Management System (AWCMS) has been designed which
includes an electronic waste detection device and a central control unit. An infrared sensor is
used for sensing waste levels, GPS is used for location identification, Arduino Board having a
microcontroller and GSM Module is used for sending the message which contains the
information regarding the status of the bin. The central control unit consists of a receiving
device which receives a message through GSM Module and sends it to the computer software
using Arduino Board’s microcontroller. The software has a proficiently designed GUI which
helps the user to perform and monitor all the required actions for waste monitoring and
detection of waste bins placed in an area or a city. All the information is displayed in the GUI
of the software in the event of a waste bin getting full and then being emptied by municipal
waste trucks or field workers. So that all the components in this entire system work in an
efficient manner to make waste management automation possible so the waste is collected
and disposed to the landfill at proper time.

PROBLEM DEFINATION
Waste disposal is a huge cause for concern in the present world. The disposal method of a
voluminous amount of generated waste has had an adverse effect on the environment.
Unplanned open dumping at landfill sites made by municipal is a common method of
disposal of waste. Human health, plant and animal life are affected due to this method. The
traditional method used for segregating of waste in India is through rag pickers which are
time-consuming and can have adverse effects on the health of the people who are exposed to
such wastes. The economic value of the waste generated is not realized unless it is recycled
completely. There is a need for a cheap and also an easy-to-use solution for segregation of
household waste.

OBJECTIVES
The proposed system would be able to automate the solid waste monitoring process and
management of the overall collection process using IOT (Internet of Things). The Proposed
system consist of four main subsystems namely Smart Trash System (STS), Local Base

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Station (LBS), Vehicle System (VS) and Smart Monitoring and Controlling Hut (SMCH). In the
proposed system, whenever the waste bin gets filled this is acknowledged by placing the
waste bin, which transmits it to the receiver at the desired place in the area or spot. In the
proposed system, the received signal indicates the waste bin status at the monitoring and
controlling system.

➢ To separate waste at the houses in the society into dry waste and wet waste using a relay
circuit driven by a comparator circuit. This waste is collected at the container. The container
has a sonar sensor used to detect the level of the garbage collected into it. When garbage
reaches a particular level, an indication to the control unit is sent using RF module. Also, an
area besides the roadside garbage containers is implemented. This zonal area uses the
concept of load sensor to indicate if any garbage spills out the container.

➢ The process of making things automatic is being exploited in almost all the major fields of
life. Making things automatic reduces burden on the humans. The cost and effort used in
manually controlled products is much higher than the automated systems. Considering the
fact, that the problem of efficient waste management is one of the major problems of the
modern times, there is an utmost need to address this problem. The proper waste
management system is must for the hygienic society in general and for world as a whole.
Solid waste which is one of the sources and causes of environmental pollution has been
defined under Resource Conservation and Recovery Act as any solid, semi-solid liquid or
contained gaseous materials discarded from industrial, commercial, mining or agricultural
operations and from community activities.

➢ Solid waste also includes garbage, construction debris, commercial refuse, and sludge
from water or waste treatment plants or air pollution, control facilities and other discarded
materials.

➢ In order to protect human health and the environment from the potential hazards of
delayed waste disposal and environmental pollution a systematically supervised and
controlled handling of these wastes is must.

➢ The type of wastes which constitute environmental pollution and which this work
emphasizes on is domestic refuse consisting of degradable food wastes, leaves, dead
animals and non-degradable ones such as plastics, bottles, nylon, medical and hospital
wastes, generated in households, hospitals, industries and commercial center.

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PROPOSED SYSTEM

COMPONENTS
1. Arduino Uno:
2. IR Sensor
3. Metal Sensor
4. Moisture Sensor(or)rain drop senser
5. Servo Motor
6. Stepper Motor (e.g., 28BYJ-48):
7. power supply
8. Buzzer:
9. Jumper wires
10.Pipes

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➢ Supporting Frame

A frame is often a structural system that supports other components of a physical construction
and/or pipe frame that limits the construction's extent. Here the Frame allows us to mount all
other components on it.

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Fig. Collecting bins .The collecting bins are used to collect the segregated waste in the respective bins.

➢ Moving disc

Moving Disc is the component whose primary task is to collect trash in the respective bin with the
help of the servo motor. All the trash collecting bins will be placed on it.

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➢ Screws and Joints

Pipe joints
Used in supporting frame for joints togather

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➢ Proximity senser

An Inductive Proximity Sensor is a non-contact electronic proximity sensor used for the detection
of metals. Sensing range of this sensor completely depends upon the metal being detected. Their
working principle is based on a coil and an oscillator that generates an electromagnetic field in the
surrounding of the sensing range. Presence of any metallic substance in the sensing range causes
dampening of oscillation amplitude. Rise and fall of amplitudes is detected by a threshold circuit
that causes a corresponding change in the output of the sensor. If a metal contains some
percentage of ferrous, the sensing range is longer, while non-ferrous metals like copper reduce
the sensing range by 60 percent. There are two possible outputs of this sensor, hence it is also
called inductive proximity switch. Common applications of inductive sensors include metal
detectors, traffic lights, etc and a plethora of industrial automated processes

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➢ Moisture Sensor

Fig. Moisture sensor

As the name indicates, this sensor is used to measure the moisture content in a given material.
These sensors use the volumetric water content indirectly by making use of some other
properties like electrical resistance, dielectric constant. In general cases, the sensor generates
a voltage proportional to the dielectric permittivity and therefore measures the moisture
content of a material.

➢ Power supply

The 18650 lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in various electronic devices due to their
high energy density and rechargeability. They typically have a nominal voltage of 3.7V and
capacities ranging from 800mAh to 3500mAh
To combine two 18650 lithium-ion batteries, you can either connect them in parallel or series.
Connecting in parallel will increase the capacity while keeping the voltage the same.
Connecting in series will increase the voltage while keeping the capacity the same. Make sure

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to use a Battery Management System (BMS) to protect against overcharging and short circuits,
and ensure the batteries are of the same type and charge level to avoid problems.

➢ circuit diagram

➢ buzzer

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➢ Stepper motor with module

➢ Jumper wires

Jumper wires are used to make temporary connections between different parts of a circuit
without soldering. They are particularly useful for prototyping on breadboards, connecting
microcontrollers to various sensors and modules, and troubleshooting circuits. They allow you to
easily modify and test circuits quickly, making them essential for both hobbyist projects and
educational purposes

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➢ Arduino uno

➢ infrared (IR) sensor

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WORKING

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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

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