ART APPRECIATION

INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF ART

HUMANITIES VISUAL ARTS

Came from the Latin word humanus meaning refined, Paintings, sculptures, and architectures.
cultured, and human.
Study of the different cultural aspect of man, his
frailties in life and how it can be improved. AUDITORY ARTS
Records man’s quest for answers to the fundamental
questions he asks about himself and about life. Music and poetry.
Are expressions of man’s feelings and thoughts.
Emphasizes dignity and worthiness of man and
recognizes creative expressions. COMBINED
Aimed to shape students subjective energies (feelings,
attitudes, and aspirations). Drama and theatre, dancing, cinema and TV, opera.

ETYMOLOGY OF ART PURPOSE OF THE ARTS

Art comes from the word Aryan root word AR which 1. Create beauty
means to put together. 2. Provide decoration
Latin word ARS which means skills / ability. 3. Reveal truth
Cover those areas of artistic creativity - embraces the 4. Immortalize
visual arts, literature, music and dance. 5. Express religious values
Expresses aesthetic ideas by use of skill and 6. Record and commemorate experience
imagination. 7. Create order and harmony

DIVISION OF THE ARTS

1. Visual
2. Auditory
3. Combined / Performing Arts

VISUAL

Arts that are primarily seen, occupies space.

AUDITORY

Heard, timed arts; exist in time.

COMBINED / PERFORMING ARTS

Combines visual and auditory elements.

EXAMPLES OF COMBINED / PERFORMING ARTS

1. Visual Arts
2. Auditory Arts
3. Combined
ART APPRECIATION
BASIC ASSUMPTIONS OF THE ART

ART PREHISTORIC PAINTINGS

Art has been created by all people at all times, in all According to experts, these paintings were purported to
countries and it lives because its well-liked and enjoyed. belong to Upper Paleolithic Age, several thousands of
Art involves experience; there can never be appreciated years before the current era. Pre-historic men, with their
of art without experience. crude instruments, already showcased and manifested
Art is made by man. earliest attempts at recording man’s innermost interests,
Art is everywhere. preoccupations, and thoughts.
Art is man’s oldest means of expression. The humanities, then, ironically, have started even
Art as a means of expression and communication. before the term has been coined. Human persons have
long been exercising what it means to be a human long
before he was even aware of his being one. The
YUSEF LATEEF humanities stand tall in bearing witness to this
magnificent phenomenon. Any human person, then, is
Whatever I do today is the whole continuum of my tasked to participate, if not, totally partake in this long
experience. Like John Dewey said in his book ‘Art as tradition of humanizing himself.
Experience,’ you can’t separate experience from the
work of art. So, if I write for the symphony today, you’re
listening to everything that’s happened to me since I
was 18 years old.

ART AND NATURE

ART IS NOT NATURE; NATURE IS NOT ART.

Art is not nature. Art is made by human beings. Artists
frequently find their inspiration and subject matter in
nature, and artists do use nature as a medium, but art
itself not nature.
Art is made by human beings, and no matter how close
it is to nature, it always shows that it was made by
human beings.
The function of the artist is to help us understand the
nature of things, to realize the possibilities in the world,
to develop insights or enlarge imagination by creating
or revealing new subjects.

THE GALLOPING WILD BOAR FOUND IN CAVE OF

ALTAMIRA, SPAIN
ART APPRECIATION
FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY

POPULAR ART EXPRESSIONS ARCHITECTURE

1. Visual Arts Architecture is the art of designing and constructing

2. Film buildings and other types of structures.
3. Performance Art It is often referred to as the “Mother of the Arts”
4. Poetry Performance because it houses, serves as background for, or occurs
5. Architecture in relation to other fields of art.
6. Dance Materials used include stone, concrete, brick, wood,
7. Literary Art steel, glass, and plaster.
8. Theater
9. Applied Arts
DANCE

VISUAL ARTS Dance is series of movements that follows the rhythm of

the music accompaniment.
Is the kind of art form that the population is most likely
more exposed to, but its variations are so diverse they
range from sculptures that you see in art galleries to the DANCE (FRENCH DANCIER)
last movie you saw.
Some mediums of visual arts include paintings, Generally refers to human movement either used as a
drawings, lettering, printing, sculptures, digital imaging, form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or
and more. performance setting.

FILM CHOREOGRAPHY

Film refers to the art of putting together successions of Is the art of making dances, and the person who does
still images in order to create an illusion of movement. this is called a choreographer.
Filmmaking focuses on its aesthetic, cultural, and social
value and is considered as both an art and an industry.
LITERARY ART

PERFORMANCE ART Literary art goes beyond the usual professional,

academic, journalistic, and other technical form of
Performance art is a live art and the artist’s medium is writing.
mainly the human body which he or she uses to perform, It focuses on writing using a unique style, not following a
but also employs other kind of art such as visual art, specific form or norm.
props, or sound. It may include both fiction and non-fiction such as
novels, biographies, and poems.

POETRY PERFORMANCE
THEATER
Poetry is an art form where the artist expresses his
emotions not by using paint, charcoal, or camera, but Theater uses live performers to present accounts or
expresses them through words. imaginary events before a live audience.
Theater art performance usually follows a script, though
they should not be confused with literary arts.
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FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY

APPLIED ARTS SOCIAL FUNCTION OF ART

Applied arts incorporate elements of style and design to Art is considered to have a social function if and when it
everyday items with the aim of increasing their addresses a particular collective interest as opposed to
aesthetical value. a personal interest.
Artists in this field bring beauty, charm, and comfort into Political art is very common example of an art with a
many things that are useful in everyday life. social function.
Art may convey message of protest, contestation, or
whatever message the artist intends his work to carry.
THE FUNCTIONS OF ART

1. As a therapy PHYSICAL FUNCTION OF ART

2. Art as artifact
3. Personal function of art The physical functions of art are the easiest to spot and
4. Social function of art understand.
5. Physical function of art The physical functions of art can be found in artworks
6. Other function of art that are crafted in order to serve some physical
purpose.

AS A THERAPY
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF ART
In its therapeutic function, art can be and is used as
therapy for individuals with a variety of illnesses, both Music as an art is also interesting to talk about in
physical and mental. relation to function. Music in its original form was
principally functional. Music was used for dance and
religion. Unlike today, when one can just listen to music
ART AS ARTIFACT for the sake of music’s sake, the ancient world saw
music only as an instrument to facilities worship and
Art also functions as an artifact. invocation to gods. Music also was essential to dance
A product of a particular time and place, an artwork because music assures synchronicity among dancers.
represents the ideas and technology of that specific Art as a representation
time and place. Art as a disinterested judgement
As we look back over history, we find an art striking, and Art as a communication of emotion
in some cases, the only, tangible records of some
peoples.
The insights we gain into cultures, including our own are SUBJECT
enhanced tremendously by such artifacts as paintings,
sculptures, poems, plays, and buildings. Refers to the visual focus or the image that may be
extracted from examining the artwork.

PERSONAL FUNCTION OF ART

CONTENT
The personal functions of art are varied and highly
subjective. This means that its function depend on the Is the meaning that is communicated by the artist or the
person- the artist who created the art. artwork.
Artwork that is created to express the feelings and
emotions of the artist.
Self-portraits, painting that describes a emotional time TYPES OF SUBJECT
in the artist life.
1. Representational art
2. Non-representational art
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FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY

REPRESENTATIONAL ART SOURCES OF SUBJECT

These types of art have subjects that refer to object or 1. Nature

events occurring in the real world. 2. History
Often, it is also termed figurative art, because as the 3. Sacred Oriental Texts
name suggest, the figures depicted are easy to makes 4. Greek and Roman Mythology
out and decipher. 5. Judeo-Christian Tradition
6. Other works of art

NATURE: VINCENT VAN GOGH “DIE EBENE VON AUVERS”

MONA LISA

NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART

This art does not make a reference to the real world,

whether it is a person, place, thing, or even a particular
event.
It is stripped down to visual elements such as shapes,
lines, emotion, and even concept. HISTORY: BATTLE OF WATERLOO

SACRED ORIENTAL TEXTS: “SHAH JAHAN RECEIVING

JACKSON POLLOCK, DETAIL OF “NUMBER 1A” DARA SHIKOH”
ART APPRECIATION
FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY

KINDS OF SUBJECT

1. History
2. Still Life
3. Animals
4. Nature
5. Landscape
6. Seascape
7. Figures
8. Myth
9. Fantasies
10. Cityscape
11. Mythology
12. Dreams
GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGY: “DISCOBOLUS” -
GREEK ORIGINAL BY THE SCULPTOR MYRON OF 450-440 CONTENT IN ART / LEVELS OF MEANING
BC

1. Factual
2. Conventional
3. Subjective

FACTUAL

Pertains to the most rudimentary level of meaning for it

may be extracted from the identifiable or recognizable
forms in the artwork and understanding how these
elements relate to one another.

JUDEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION: “SISTINE CHAPEL” -

CONVENTIONAL
MICHAELANGELO

Pertains to the acknowledged interpretation of the

artwork using motifs, signs, symbols and other cyphers
as bases of its meaning. These conventions are
established through time, strengthened by recurrent use
and wide acceptance by its viewers or audience and
scholars who study then.

SUBJECTIVITIES

When subjectivities are consulted, a variety of meaning

may arise when a particular work of art is read.
These meanings stem from the viewer’s or audience’s
circumstances that come into play when engaging with
art.
JUDEO-CHRISTIAN TRADITION: “INTERIOR OF
WESTMINSTER”
ART APPRECIATION
FUNCTIONS OF ART AND PHILOSOPHY

SUBJECTIVE: “CREATION OF ADAM” BY

MICHAELANGELO AT SISTINE CHAPEL
ART APPRECIATION
ARTIST AND ARTISAN

“MONA LISA” BY LEONARDO DA VINCI (1452-1519)

Known for painting, drawing, sculpting, science,

engineering, architecture, anatomy.

“DALAGANG BUKID” FERNANDO AMORSOLO

Was touted as the “Grand Old Man of the Philippine

Art”.
“THE STARRY NIGHT” VINCENT VAN GOGH (1853-1890)
Amorsolo was a portraitist and painter of rural
Philippine landscapes.
Dutch impressionist. Popularly known for his craftmanship and mastery in the
use of light, he was regarded as the Father of
Philippine Realism for his numerous realistic paintings.
After his graduation from the University of the
Philippines, he worked as a UP part-time instructor and
a commercial artist.
his works include “Bombing of the Intendencia”
(1942), “The Burning of Manila” (1946), “Dalagang
Bukid” (1936), “The First Baptism in the Philippines”,
The First Mass in the Philippines”, “Planting Rice”
(1946), “Princess Urduja”, and “Sikatuna”.
He was the first recipient of the National Artist Award
among the Filipino painters.
ART APPRECIATION
ARTIST AND ARTISAN

ARTIST

An artist is a person who performs any of the creative

arts.
This captures all forms of art.
Artist is an art practitioner such as painter, sculptor,
choreographer, dancer, musician, etc. who produces or
creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value
using imagination.
The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art
for the sake of art itself without needing any ulterior
moves.

ARTISAN
COLOGNE CATHEDRAL IN GERMANY

An artisan is a skilled worker who makes things by hand.

An example of early Gothic Architecture.
This includes various objects ranging from jewelry to
this is also a collaboration between the artist who made
furniture.
the design and the Artisan who help in the construction
An artisan should not be confused with an artist
of the whole building.
because there is a clear difference in the things that
they create.
An artisan is able to produce something that has a
ARTISAN AND GUILDS
functional value; although it should not be limited to its
use value alone.
These guilds where towns had formalized groups of
artisans or craftsmen who took on a particular
ARTIST ARTISAN specialization on trade, shoemaker, textile, and glass
workers, carpenters, carvers, masons, armorers, and
weapon-makers, among others.
An artist is a person An artisan is a skilled
Here, the practice of artists was not grounded on the
who performs any of the worker who makes
idea of individual capacities or success; rather, in the
creative arts. things by hand.
commitment to work together as a collective.
The object has a clear The object has an
artistic value. artistic value.
The object has no The object has a
GUILDS
functional value. functional value.
The object has a lot of The object though
Were a type of social fellowship, an association
aesthetic value and is utilitarian has certain
structured with rules, customs, rights, and
appreciated for this aesthetic attributes to
responsibilities.
quality as it pleases the it.
With a lifetime commitment to a particular trade, an
individual.
artisans develops immense skill and expertise in his
craft.
ART APPRECIATION
ARTIST AND ARTISAN

PHILIPPINE ARTISANS FILM MAKING / PRODUCTION PROCESS

Spanish friars commissioned a lot of artisans to carve, 1. Preproduction

paint, and engrave images for churches and public sites 2. Production
3. Postproduction

AWARDS AND CITATIONS

1. Order ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining (Order of

National Artist)
2. Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (National Living
Treasures Award)

ORDER NG PAMBANSANG ALAGAD NG SINING (ORDER

OF NATIONAL ARTIST)
CHURCH OF THE MOST HOLY TRINITY IN LOAY, BOHOL
The conferment of the Order of National Artist is the
“highest national recognition given to Filipino individuals
ART CURATOR who have made significant contributions to the
development of Philippine Arts; namely, music, dance,
Art curators are employed by museums and art galleries theater, visual arts, literature, film, broadcast art, and
to design, develop, and manage installations and architecture and allied arts.
exhibits. The order is jointly administered by the Philippines
This requires them to acquire works of art, ensure proper (CCP) and conferred by the President of the Philippines
storage and help maintain collections. upon recommendation by both institutions.
Art curators typically specialize in specific areas of art,
like Western, Asian, or contemporary art.
The job duty of a curator are vast. They may put on THE GAWAD SA MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN (GAMABA) OR
public workshops, write grants and conduct fundraising THE NATIONAL LIVING TREASURES AWARD
activities.
In addition, they conduct research projects and write Was created in 1992.
papers for publication. A “Manlilikha ng Bayan” who is a “citizen engaged in
any traditional art uniquely, Filipino whose distinctive
skills have reached such a high level of technical and
ROLE OF CURATOR artistic excellence and have been passed on to and
widely practiced by the present generation in his/her
The role of curator is more of the interpretation and community with the same degree of technical and
development of the artwork(s) or the collection(s) artistic competence.
through establishing the significance, relationship, and This artists’ practice may fall under the following
relevance of these materials - in isolation and/or part categories: folk, architecture, maritime transport,
of a wider narrative. weaving, carving, performing arts, literature, graphic
Some of the roles expected as curators are the ability and plastic art, ornament, textile or fiber art, pottery
to research and write, as an arbiter of design and and other artistic expressions of traditional culture.
layout, and deciding for the display and hanging of
materials foe exhibition.
ART APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF ART

THE ELEMENTS OF VISUAL ART FICHNER-RATHUS,2010

The elements or art are the visual components which are Line serves as an essential building block of art, but it
required to create a work of art. can also serve as the content itself of a work of art, or
Knowing the basics of the elements of visual art can be manipulated to evoke an emotional or intellectual
help any artist to create a well-balanced and beautiful response from a viewer.
designs.
To develop a more thorough understanding of artistic
composition, one must learn how to examine and utilize VERTICAL LINES
the various art elements.
1. Lines Vertical lines are poised for action.
2. Colors They are poised, balanced, forceful, and dynamic.
3. Texture They express an impression of dignity.
4. Perspective Only vertical lines can be used to express an orderly
5. Space feeling.
6. Form
7. Volume
HORIZONTAL LINES

LINE Horizontal lines are lines of repose and serenity.

They express ideas of calmness and quiescence.
Line is a mark on a surface that describes a shape or Only horizontal lines can give a feeling of peacefulness
outline. and stillness.
It can create texture and can be thick and thin.
Types of line can include actual, implied, vertical,
horizontal, diagonal, and contour line. DIAGONAL LINES
Is an important element at the disposal of every artist.
Always has direction, always moving. Diagonal lines are used to create feelings of movement
As used in any work of art, may either be straight or or action.
curved. Siargao: The Surfing Capital of the Philippines
Lines are the first element of art and are continuous
marks that are made on any surface with a moving
CURVED LINES / S CURVES
point.
Lines can be used in various ways to create different
compositions. Suggest gracefulness or sexiness
A line can be used to express various things or feelings; If you want to photograph S curves, the human body
it can be used to show various moods or anything makes for a wonderful subject.
abstract. From the arch of a foot to the curve of a neck, you can
1. Curved find many ways to capture curved leading lines by
2. Diagonal photographing the human form.
3. Dashed or Dotted It is up to the artist how he conveys his message, in the
4. Horizontal best way possible through the use of lines.
5. Outline
6. Straight
7. Zigzag
8. Perpendicular
9. Wavy
10. Parallel
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ELEMENTS OF ART

VERTICAL LINES WITHIN A PHOTO REPETITION

It’s a good idea to follow the rule of thirds, failure to do Occurs when two or more lines are drawn within a
so can result in a photo looking as though it’s been cut corner following the lines of the corner.
in half.
It is also important to try to keep the vertical line as
straight as possible. CONTRAST
Vertical leading lines can help to illustrate growth,
authority, strength, or dominance. Lines that are in opposition to each other form a
Some examples of vertical leading lines in photography contrast.
include photographs of trees or tall buildings.

TRANSITION LINE
HORIZONTAL LINES WITHIN A PHOTO
Is a line that connects two workflow elements.
Make sure they are as straight as possible and consider Transition lines allow you to define what the next step in
following the rule of thirds. a workflow will be.

CURVED LINES / S CURVE WITHIN A PHOTO LEADING LINES

Can help lead the eye through a photo and can suggest Leading lines within a photograph is a composition
gracefulness, sexiness, or sensuality. technique that can strongly influence the overall result
Despite the name, S curve don’t need to be shaped of an image.
exactly like an “s”. Any strong leading line that winds or Leading lines can direct a person’s eye to a main focal
curves can be considered an S curve. point or, if used incorrectly, can draw the eye away
Some curved lines often used in photography include from the subject or appear to cut a photo in half.
paths and rivers.

COLOR
DIAGONAL LINES WITHIN A PHOTO
Refers to the visual perception of light being reflected
It’s best if you can position them so that they start and from a surface of an artwork.
finish just above or below the corner of a photo, like the In the most basic classification, colors can be divided
railroad tracks. into three groups: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
This will prevent the image from looking like it has been
split in half. Because our eyes naturally scan photos
from left to right, composing an image to include THREE GROUP OF COLOR
diagonal leading lines that flow from the bottom left to
the top right of a photo is also a great way to compose 1. Primary
a shot. 2. Secondary
3. Tertiary

THREE MAIN TYPES OF LINES

ATTRIBUTED OF COLOR
1. Repetition
2. Contrast 1. Hue
3. Transition Line 2. Value
3. Tints
4. Shades
5. Intensity
ART APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF ART

HUE WHITE

Hue is the term for the pure spectrum colors commonly White stands for purity and innocence.
referred to by the “color names” - red, orange, yellow,
blue, green, violet - which appear in the hue circle or
rainbow. RED
Theoretically all hues can be mixed from three basic
hues, known as primaries. Red is associated with blood, anger, and fear.

COLOR WHEEL GREEN

A color wheel is an abstract illustrative organization of Green implies happiness and abundance.
color hues around a circle, that shows relationship
between primary, secondary, and tertiary colors, etc.
MEANINGS OF COLORS CONVEYED BY THE ROSE

VALUE Red is for “I love you”.

Pink conveys “Thank you”.
Refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. White says “You are heavenly”.
It is the quality which depends on the amount of light Coral speaks of desire.
and dark in color. White roses denote secrecy, reverence, and
humility.
Deep pink roses convey gratitude and appreciation.
TINTS Light pink expresses sympathy, grace, and gentility.
Red roses also mean courage and fortitude.
Are values above the normal. Yellow roses stand for freedom.
Red and yellow stand for jovial / happy feelings.
Orange roses speak of enthusiasm and desire.
SHADES Red and white convey unity.

Are values below the normal.

TEXTURE

INTENSITY Is the element that deals more directly wuth the sense
of touch.
Refers to the brightness or darkness of color. Applies to how an object feels or appears to feel.
It gives color strength. Can be either implied or actual.
When a hue is vivid form, it is said to be in full intensity. It has to do with the characteristics of surfaces which
When it is dulled, it is said to be can be rough or smooth, fine or coarse, shiny or dull,
plain or irregular.

PSYCHOLOGY OF COLORS
IMPLIED TEXTURE
Colors have varied psychological and emotional
connotations. Expresses the idea of how a surface might feel.
For example, a painting of a blanket might convey the
idea that the blanket is soft.
BLACK

Black is associated with death and gloom.

ART APPRECIATION
ELEMENTS OF ART

ACTUAL TEXT SPACE

Is texture that can actually be felt. Refers to how the artist fills the surface on which a work
For example, a ceramic bowl might feature a carved of art is created.
texture that could be felt when holding that bowl. It can also refer to the expression of depth within a
work of art.
When talking about a three-dimensional object, space is
PERSPECTIVE the actual volume that is taken up by the artwork.
Space as an element of art, refers to distances or areas
Deals with the effect of distance upon the appearance around, between or within components of a piece.
of objects, by means of which the eye judges spatial Space can be positive (white or light), open or closed,
relationships. shallow or deep and two-dimensional or three-
dimensional.

KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE
KINDS OF SPACE
1. Linear Perspective
2. Aerial Perspective 1. Positive Space
2. Negative Space

LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
POSITIVE SPACE
Is the representation of an appearance of distance by
means of converging lines. The areas in a work of art that are subjects, or areas of
It has to do with the direction of lines and with the size interest.
of objects.
Painters usually show the effect of space and distance
by using converging lines and diminishing size. NEGATIVE SPACE
Parallel lines below the eye level seem to rise to a
vanishing point in the horizon, while those above the eye Areas around the subjects, or areas of interest.
level seem to descend to the vanishing point.

FORM
FORESHORTENING
Applies to the over-all design of a work of art.
Is the representation of objects or parts of the body as It describes the structure or shape of an object.
smaller from the point of view. Form refers to a three-dimensional object. As such, form
is an art term that is only applied to those artworks that
are three-dimensional, such as sculptures and pottery.
AERIAL PERSPECTIVE Forms, much like shapes, can be geometric or organic.
Geometric forms have hard lines and edges.
Is the representation of relative distances of objects by Organic forms are curvy and more free-form.
gradations of tone or color.
Objects become fainter in the distance due to the
effect of the atmosphere. Objects appear to be lighter TYPES OF FORM
in color as they react to the distance.
1. Organic Form
2. Geometric Form
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ELEMENTS OF ART

ORGANIC FORM

Have hard lines and edges.

Such as these snow-covered boulders typically are
irregular in outline, and often asymmetrical.
Organic forms are most often thought of as naturally
occurring.

GEOMETRIC FORM

Are curvy and more free-form.

Are those which correspond to named regular shapes,
such as squares, rectangles, circles, cubes, spheres,
cones, and other regular forms.

VOLUME

Refers to the amount of space occupied in three

dimensions.
It refers to solidity or thickness.