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Md.Najmul Islam
lecturer English,
Important Rules of Right forms of verbs for HSC.
★★★:Tense-এর সাধারন নিয়ম অনুসরণ করে verb-এর পরিবর্ত ন, এক্ষেত্রে ৪টি গুরুত্বপূণ tense-এর গঠন এবং
চিহ্ন মনে রাখা দরকার।
Rule.1.Present Indefinite: Subject (singular) হলে, verb (singular) এবং subject (plural) হলে
verb (plural) হয়।
চিহ্ন: Sometimes, daily, usually, always, often, regularly, as usual etc. গঠন:
★Subject + verb + extension, এক্ষেত্রে suxbject (singular/plural) অনুযায়ী verb বসে।
উদাহরণঃ
1.It—--- (entertain) us with politeness and discipline.[DB: 2019]
2.It —---(allow) a visitor to watch both the sunrise and the sunset from the beach.
3.They can hardly—--- (realize) that they themselves (ruin) their health.[JB: 2019]
4.. Life (become) dull to them nowadays .[BB: 2016] [BB: 2016]
5.They always —--(remain) ill tempered.
6. Physical exercise —----(make) our body active and the muscles strong.[BB: 2016]
7.It also—--- (improve) our power of digestion and blood circulation.[BB: 2016]
8.It—--- (give) strength to our brain.[BB: 2016]
Rule2.Past Indefinite: অতীত ঘটনা বর্ণনা বা প্রকাশার্থে verb-এর past form হয়।
চিহ্ন: Once, ago, last, yesterday, that, at the age of,অতীত সাল/সময় etc.
★★★গঠন: Subject + verb-এর past form (v2) + extension.
উদাহরণঃ
1.A huge procession (parade) through the streets of the town after the inaugural session.
2.Various government and non-government organizations
—--(set) up stalls displaying
saplings of different varieties.
3.A poor man was once—--- (put) in a jail, although he was spotless.[RB: 2019]
4. The English —---(play) it here in this subcontinent and since then it integral part of our
entertainment.
5.Once there—--- (live) an idle king.
6.The old sailor—--- (be) a wrong-doer in his long journey.
7.He—---- (come) to the orphanage at the age of four.
8.Two World Wars—----(break) out in this century.
9.In the last autumn vacation I —----(get) sufficient time.
10. At once she—---- (understand) what was the matter.
Rule03.Present Perfect: একটি কাজ সম্পূর্ণ হওয়ার পরে তার বর্ণনার ক্ষেত্রে এই tense-টি বেশি ব্যবহৃত
হয়।কিছু চিহ্ন: Just just now,Recently,Already still, etc.
Structure: Subject + have/has + verb-এর past participle (v3) + extension
উদাহরণ,
1.Trees contribute a lot to maintain ecological balance. A month-long tree fair
-----(begin)inKurigram stadium recently. (begin) in [RB, CB]
2.They already —--(show) their performance in several matches.
3.. Recently, it —----(rise) to an alarming rate taking a heavy toll of human lives.
4.I recently —---------(do)a great job for her.
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Rule04. Present continuous: চলমান/এখনো ঘটে চলেছে-এমন বর্ণনামূলক অর্থে-এই tense টি ব্যবহৃত হয়।
কিছু চিহ্ন: Now, at this moment, gradually, day by day,etc.
structure: Subject + am/is/are + verb + ing + extension.
1.They are not —----(pay) heed to their teachers' advice.
2.They can hardly—- (realize) that they themselves—-- (ruin) their health.(realize,are running)
3.We —(learn) english at this moment.
4.The prices of daily commodities —--(increase) day by day.
Rule05.বাক্যকে negative করতে present tense -এ (do not/does not) এবং past tense -এ (did not)
বসে।
★★Subject (singular) + does not/did not + v1 +---
★★Subject (plural) + do not/did not + v1+-- উল্লেখ্য বেশিরভাগ সময়, passage -এ "not" দেওয়াই
থাকবে, সেক্ষেত্রে অর্থবুঝে tense অনুযায়ী "do/does/did + not" বসাবে।উদাহরণ,
1. Selfishness—---(not help) the society.
[CB: 2019]
2.He dinot-----(prescribe) any medicine for the king.
3.But the man who-------( not, give up) the wrong, will suffer surely.
4.The students Who fail do not —--(study) properly.
Rule-06:Use of passive voice (be verb am, is, are, was, were) অর্থাৎ, Present indefinite এবং
Past indefinite tense-এ সাধারণ কোনো বর্ণনা বা ঘটনা অন্যজন কর্তৃ ক সম্পাদিত হলে এটার বাক্যটা passive
voice এ হয়।
★★ Subject + am/is/are + v3+ (Present indefinite tense - passive voice)
★★Subject + was/were + v3+ (Past indefinite tense - passive voice)
1.Cricket —---(call) the gentlemen's game. i. In fact, cricket(is called)
2. It —---(organize) by the local administration and the Department of Social Forestation.(was
organized)[DB: 2019]
3.It —----(regard) as a sheer wastage of time.
4.They —-----(-sellecte)by the authority.
Rule07.Use of passive voice অন্যকথায়, যে বাক্যের subject "inactive" থেকে অন্য ব্যক্তি কর্তৃ ক কাজটি
সম্পূর্ণ হয়ে থাকে, এই ধরনের বাক্যকে passive voice- করতে হয়। এক্ষেত্রে be verb অথবা modal verb + be
verb-এর ব্যবহার বেশি লক্ষণীয়।যেমন,
★★. Subject + be verb(am/is/are/was/were)+v3+ extension (সাধারণ সত্য কথা/সাধারণ কথা, যা
অন্য ব্যক্তি/বিষয় কর্তৃ ক সম্পাদিত হয়)
★★ Subject + modal verb (can/could/may/should/will etc.) + be + v3 + extension (এক্ষেত্রে
বাংলা অর্থ লক্ষ করতে হবে, যেমন- "হতে পারতো = could be; ঘটতে পারে = will be; করা উচিত = should be
etc.")
1.But it is constantly being (pollute) in many ways.
2.Mills and factories can be—(hold) responsible for this pollution.
3.Subsidies must—---- (give) in the education sector.(be given)
4.The poor students can—-----(bring) under the "Food for Education" programme. [DB, DinB]
5. All concerned should be —--(make) conscious about it. (should be made)
6Steps—--- (take) to preserve the beauty of the famous beach.(should be taken)
Rule08.Use of modal verb (can, could, may, might, should, will, would, used to, have to
etc.) এক্ষেত্রে প্রতিটি modal verb অর্থানুযায়ী বসবে।
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যেমন: can= পারা অর্থে; could পারতাম অর্থে; may সম্ভাবনা অর্থে; might নিশ্চিত ঘটবে -এমন অর্থে। should
=উচিত অর্থে; will করবো/করবে অর্থে; used to অতীত অভ্যাস প্রকাশ অর্থে; have to করতে হবে-এমন অর্থে।
★★★Shortcut: Subject + modal verb + v1 + extension (এটি active voice)
উদাহরণ, 1.The chief guest in his speech —----(put) importance on planting trees so that we
—-(save) our environment from other effects of climate change and natural disasters. [RB,
CB,CB,BB](put,could save)
2. All of us —---(adore) the great men of the world.(should adore)
3.But everybody should—---- (consider) that he is not the only person in a society.(consider)
4.He —----(not undergo) physical labour. [BB: 2019](would not undergo)
5.Otherwise, we—---- (suffer) a lot.
6.We—--- (lead) a healthy and prosperous life only when we (make) for our guidance.(can lead,
make)
7.I —------(protect) your belongings if you have reliance on me.(can protect,will protect)
Rule9.Relative pronoun (who, which, that) -এর পূর্ববর্তী noun/noun phrase অনুসারে verb বসে।
★★ Subject + verb + noun (singular) + who/which/that + verb (singular) +---.
★★Subject + verb + noun (plural) + who/which/that + verb (plural)+---.
উদাহরণ:
1.It was also addressed by the other speakers who trees—---(emphasize) the need for planting
more [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018]
2. People who—---- (appear) most often and most glorious in the pages of history—----(be) great
conquerors and generals.(appear,are)
3.This fire emits smoke which —-----(contaminate) air.
4.Idle persons who —----(kill) their time always are burdens of society[JB: 2016]
5.The fair—---- (inaugurate) yesterday by the DC of Kurigram. (inaugurated)
6.It was also addressed by the other speakers who —----(emphasize) the need for planting
more trees. [RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018](emphasized)
7.There are also certain jobs which —----(require) a good functional knowledge of English.
8. Most of the people who—---- (appear) most often and most gloriously in the pages of
history.(appear)
9.It is her mother who--------- (cry)for her always.
Rule10.Co-ordinate conjunction (and, or, but) কোনো বাক্যে বসলে উভয় পাশের tense সমজাতীয় হয়।
★★★: Subject + verb ++ and/or/but+---+ verb (এক্ষেত্রে দুইটি verb কে সমজাতীয় tense-এ করতে হবে,
মজার ব্যাপার হলো, পরীক্ষায় যে কোনো এক পাশের verb-টি সঠিক থাকবে, তা দেখে তোমাকে পরবর্তী verb টির
tense ঠিক করতে হবে)
1.The king—--- (inquire) privately and —---(find) that it was true.
2.He—----- (give) the man some money and set him free.[RB: 2019]
3.We do not who first—--- (set) a broken leg or —----(launch) a sea worthy boat or
—---(calculate) the length of a year.(set,launched, calculated)
4.Often, I ran away from the room and—-(sleep)on the floor at the foot of my parent's
bed.(slept).
5.He asked the king to buy a club and—--(move) it in the air till his
hands—--(get)moistened.(got)
6.We make fire to cook food and—---( do) many works.
7.They lead) an unhappy life and—---(suffer) in the long run.
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8.Suddenly she woke up and —-----(feel) thirsty.

9.They start —-----(think)of —----(nurse) and —-----(bring) up their children.(thinking, nursing)
Rule11.Preposition ব্যবহারের তিনটি নিয়ম:
1."To"-এর পর verb-এর base form (v1) হবে।
2.তবে "To" যুক্ত phrase "with a view to, look forward to, including to,addicted to, devoted
to, subject to etc." -এর পর verb + ing (gerund) হয়।
iii. "To" ছাড়া অন্যান্য সকল preposition (in,by,without, of, on, before, after, for etc.) -এর পর verb
+ ing (gerund) হয়।
উদাহরণ, 1.He teaches his students with a view to
—-(give) the light of education.
By—----(get)education, students can—-- (enlighten) their inside.[giving: getting; enlighten]
2. Vehicles pollute air to a great extent by —-----(burn) fuel.[BB: 2017]
3.Rather, we should —--(put) high importance on—-----(learn) English to make room for
ourselves in the competitive world.
4.The drivers are in the habit of—--- (violate) traffic rules.
5.Traffic rules must be maintained strictly with a view to—--- (control) road accidents. 6.In spite
of —--(be) an orphan, he had developed a strong fabric of morality.
7.They start thinking of—---- (nurse) and —----(bring) up their children.
8.I am extremely sorry for —----(be) late.
Rule-12:Subject-এর অবস্থানে verb বসলে এক্ষেত্রে verb টিকে gerund এবং infinitive উভয় করা যায়।
★★Subject (verb + ing যা gerund) + verb (singular) + extension
★★Subject (To + v1 - যা infinitive) + verb (singular) + extension.
1.—--(Teach) is a noble profession.[CumB: 2019]violated.
2.So, to —---(from) a peaceful society one should be watchful to see that other's rights are not
violated[CB: 2019]
3.-------(call) her son, she told her son to give her a glass of water and felt asleep again.[SB:
2019]

RULE-10:Simple sentence-এ দুইটি verb থাকলে শেষের verb টি কখনো হয় participle (v+ing) আবার
কখনো হয় infinitive(to+v1)।
★★Subject + প্রথম verb + extension (noun/pronoun) + দ্বিতীয় verb + ing +---( ( প্রথম Subject
এর উদ্যোশ্য থাকেনা।)
★★Subject + প্রথম verb + extension (noun/pronoun) + দ্বিতীয় verb (to+v1)+(এক্ষেত্রে প্রথম
subject-একটি উদ্দেশ্য নিয়ে কাজ করে, যার প্রমাণ হিসেবে দ্বিতীয় verb/infinitive-এর অর্থে "তে" থাকে)
উদাহরণ,
1.Cultural functions were arranged every night —----(inspire) people to plant trees.(to
inspire)[RB, CumB, CB, BB: 2018]
2.She along with others inspired millions with her voice—---(raise) funds for the refugee
camps.(rising)[CB: 2017]
3.He committed a crime (kill) a sea bird called Albatross.(killing)[CB: 2019]
4.Recently it has risen to an alarming rate
—--(take) a heavy toll on human lives.(taking)
5.He fabricated a lie —--(win) her heart.(to win)[DB: 2019]
6.It is arranged between two teams
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—-----(contain) eleven players each.[BB: 2019](containing)

7.They missed—---- (meet)their cousin at last.(meeting)
Rule11.Conditional sentence "if" যুক্ত sentence। এক্ষেত্রে conditional sentence চার প্রকার হলেও
1" & 2 conditional-এই আমাদের Right forms of verb এ বেশি লক্ষণীয়।
★★If + present indefinite + future indefinite (1st conditional)
★★If + past indefinite + subject + would/could/might + v1+--- ( 2nd conditional)
[মনে রাখবে 1stconditional-এ অনেক সময় future indefinite tense-এ shall/will-এর পরিবর্তে
"can/might" বসে]
উদাহরণ,
1.If all the children of Bangladesh —-(go) to school, the country—--(get) rid of the curse of
illiteracy[DB, DinB, JB, SB: 2018]
2.Idle brain is the devil's workshop. If we —---(waste) our time in idleness, all sorts of evil
thoughts will crowd in our brain.
[JB: 2016]
3.The members of a family will remain anxious if someone —---(travel) in a bus.
4.Road accidents can be —----(lessen) if the drivers drive their vehicles carefully.lessened)
5.If we love study, we —--- (get)expected marks.
Rule12.Sequence of tense / complex sentence / subordinate conjunction-যুক্ত sentence-এ
সাধারণত উভয় পাশের tense বা verb সমজাতীয় tense-এ হয়।
★★প্রথম conjunction + দ্বিতীয় বাক্য (এক্ষেত্রে খুব ব্যতিক্রম না হলেও উভয় বাক্যটি সমজাতীয় tense হয়)
★★Subordinate conjunction+ প্রথম বাক্য কমা দ্বিতীয় বাক্য (এক্ষেত্রেও দুইটি বাক্যই সমজাতীয় tense -এ
হয়)
উদাহরণ,
1.When I was a child I —-(be) afraid of the dark, and I —---(go) to sleep with a light on.
(was,went/used to)[SB: 2019]
2.And before I go to bed, I double-check every door and every window to make sure that
they—--(be) locked.(are,
3.When a child—---- (bear), their joys —-----(know) no bounds.(is born,know)
4. But the students nowadays act as though they —-----(know) everything.(knew)
5.Though kamrul is a poor man, he —--(be)honest.
13.কিছু Transitive verb (stop, avoid, remember,select, etc.)-এর পর পরবর্তী verb-এর সাথে "ing"
যুক্ত হয়, যাকে অন্য কথায় gerund/verbal noun বলে।
★★Shortcut: Subject + উল্লেখিত transitive verb + দ্বিতীয় verb (ing) + extension.
1.Then he waited—----(stand) by her bed with a glass of water.(standing)
2.The king started—---- (follow) the prescription.(following)
3.She started —------(show) affection for him.[BB: 2019; RB: 2016].(showing)
iv. They started-------- (think) of—----- (nurse) and —----(bring) up their children.
(thinking; nursing; bringing)
Rule14."lest"-এমন একটি conjunction, যা সর্বদাই বাক্যের মাঝে বসে পরবর্তী বাক্যের অর্থকে negative (না
বোধক) অর্থ দেয়। কেননা, "lest" -এর ভেতরেই "না" বোধক অর্থ লুকানো।
★★Shortcut: প্রথম বাক্য+ lest + subject + should/might + v1+--
1.He did not make any sound lest she —---(wake) up.
2.Work carefully for upcoming hsc lest you---------(fail) in the exam.
3.Avoid bad company lest you---------(fall)in danger.
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15."It is high time / It is time / I wish" -এর পর পরবর্তী বাক্যটি দ্বারা unreal fact বোঝানোয়, তাকে past
tense করতে হয়।
1.It is high time/ It is time/ I wish + subject + v2 +
2. It is high time/ It is time + infinitive (to+v1)+
উদাহরণ,
1. It is high time we—--- (check) air pollution.(checked)[BB 17]
2.It is high time you--------(make> a tour with you fsther.
3.It is high time —--------(go)back to your local areas.
Rule16.Use of "Since"
-এই "since" conjunction-টি একটি বাক্যে দুইভাবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তিনটি structure অনুসারে।
যেমন,
★Present indefinite/present perfect + since + past indefinite
★★Past indefinite + since + past perfect
★★★Since + প্রথম clause + দ্বিতীয় clause (এক্ষেত্রে দুইটি clause সমজাতীয় tense-এ হয়)
প্রথম দুটা "since" -এর বাংলা অর্থ "যখন"।
তবে শেষ "since" -এর বাংলা অর্থ হবে "যেহেতু "।
1.It is twenty years since I —----(meet) you.(met)
2.It was twenty years since I—-(meet)you.
3.Since they—-- (return) home safely, all the family members felt easy.(returned).
Rule17.Gerund (verb + ing) বাক্যের subject হলে verb হবে singular।
Shortcut: Verb + ing + verb (singular) + extension.
উদাহরণ,
1. Teaching—---- (be) a great profession.(is)
2.Swimming in the river —--(make) some uneasy situation for you.(makes)
3.Singing —------(create) you sportive.