Class - 12 Physics (Alternating current)

1. A 200 ohm resistor is connected in series with a capacitor. The voltage across the
resistor is VR = (1.20 V) cos(2500 rad/s)t. Capacitive reactance is

a. 70
b. 80
c. 60
d. 90
2. The current in a series LCR circuit will be maximum, then is:
a. as large as possible

b.
c.
d. equal to natural frequency of LCR system
3. A series circuit consists of an ac source of variable frequency, a 115.0 resistor, a
1.25 capacitor, and a 4.50-mH inductor. Impedance of this circuit when the
angular frequency of the ac source is adjusted to twice the resonant angular
frequency is
a. 146.0
b. 176.0
c. 166.0
d. 156.0
4. For high frequency capacitor offers:
a. Less resistance
b. More resistance
c. None of these
d. Zero resistance
5. Effective voltage Vrms is related to peak voltage Vo by

a. Vrms = 0.707 Vo

b. Vrms = 0.787Vo

c. Vrms = 0.9 Vo

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 d. Vrms = 0.5 Vo

6. An AC current, I = I0 sin produces certain heat H in a resistor R over a time

. Write the value of the DC current that would produce the same heat in
the same resistor in the same time.

7. Define the term rms value of the current. How is it related to the peak value?

8. Define the term wattless current.

9. The figure shows a series L-C-R circuit connected to a variable frequency 250 V source
with L = 50 mH, C = 80 F and R = 40 .

i. the source frequency which drives the circuit in resonance.

ii. the quality factor (Q) of the circuit.

10. The number of turns in secondary coil of a transformer is 100 times the number of
turns in the primary coil. What is the transformation ratio?

11. In the following circuit, calculate,

i. the capacitance 'c' of the capacitor if the power factor of the circuit is unity, and
ii. also calculate the Q-factor of the circuit.

12. A source of AC voltage V = V0 sin is connected to a series combination of a resistor

'R' and a capacitor 'C'. Draw the phasor diagram and use it to obtain the expression for

i. impedance of the circuit and

ii. phase angle.

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13. i. For a given AC, i = im sin , show that the average power dissipated in a resistor

R over a complete cycle is .

ii. A light bulb is rated at 100 W for a 220V AC supply. Calculate the resistance of the
bulb.

14. An LC circuit contains a 20 mH inductor and a capacitor with an initial charge

of 10 mC. The resistance of the circuit is negligible. Let the instant the circuit is closed
be t = 0.

a. What is the total energy stored initially? Is it conserved during LC oscillations?

b. What is the natural frequency of the circuit?
c. At what time is the energy stored
i. completely electrical (i.e. stored in the capacitor)?
ii. completely magnetic (i.e. stored in the inductor)?
d. At what times is the total energy shared equally between the inductor and the
capacitor?
e. If a resistor is inserted in the circuit, how much energy is eventually dissipated as
heat?

15. A series of LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency 230 V source, L = 5.0 H,
,

a. Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in resonance.

b. Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of current at the resonating
frequency.
c. Determine the rms potential drops across the three elements of the circuit. Show
that the potential drop across the LC combination is zero at the resonating
frequency.

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 CBSE Test Paper-01
Class - 12 Physics (Alternating current)
Answers

1. b. 80
Explanation: VR = (1.20 V) cos(2500 rad/s)t

Capacitive reactance

2. d. equal to natural frequency of LCR system

Explanation: for maximum current in LCR series circuit impedance Z will be
minimum

impedance Z will be minimum when

hence

this is equal to natural frequency of LCR system

3. a. 146.0
Explanation:

resonant angular frequency

given that the angular frequency of the ac source

impedance

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4. a. Less resistance
Explanation: capacitive reactance

hence, for high frequency capacitor offers less resistance.

5. a. Vrms = 0.707 Vo

Explanation: Average value of V2 over a complete cycle is given by

The root-mean-square value of the alternating voltage is given by

Vrms = 0.707 V0

6. Heat produced by DC is H = I2RT.....(i)

Heat produced by AC is

....(ii)

Where IV = I0/ = rms value of the AC current

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get

where I stands for DC and I0 is the peak value of AC current.

7. It is defined as the value of Alternating Current (AC) over a complete cycle which

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 would generate same amount of heat in a given resistor that is generated by steady
current in the same resistor and in the same time during a complete cycle. It is also
called virtual value or effective value of AC.
Let the peak value of the current be I0

Where,
I0 peak value of AC.

8. The current in an AC circuit is said to be Wattless Current when the average power
consumed in such circuit corresponds to Zero.Such current is also called as Idle
Current.

9. Given, L = 50mH =

i. In the L-C-R, the resonant angular frequency when XL= XC

ii. Quality factor,

10. Transformation ratio

Since
Thus

11. i. Power factor, or Z = R [For power factor unity

] or

or

or

ii. Q-factor

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12. i
.
From diagram, by parallelogram law of vector addition, VR + VC = V

Using pythagorean theorem,

We get
, XC and R being

the capacitive reactance and resistance of the resistor respectively.

(say) where, Z =

Z = impedance of the circuit.

ii. The phase angle between resultant voltage and current is given by

tan-1( )
13. i. The average power dissipated,

ii. ) Power of the bulb P = 100 W

voltage, V = 220 V

14. a. Total initial energy

=1J

This energy shall remain conserved in the absence of resistance.

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 b. Angular frequency,

= 103 rads-1

c.
Or , where = 6.3 ms
Energy stored is completely electrical at t = 0, T/2, 3T/2 . . .
Electrical energy is zero i.e. energy stored is completely magnetic at

d. At

Electrical energy , which is half of the total energy.

e. R damps out the LC oscillations eventually. The whole of the initial energy 1.0 J is
eventually dissipated as heat.

15. Here, L = 5.0 H,

Ev = 230 volt

a. Resonance angular frequency,

= 50 rad/sec = 50 rad/sec.

b. Impedance

At resonance,

Amplitude of current at resonating frequency

= 8.13 amp

c. Potential drop across L

= 1437.5 V
Potential drop across R

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 = 230
volt Potential drop across C

= 1437.5 V

Potential drop across LC circuit

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