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Lecture 6

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6 views20 pages

Lecture 6

Uploaded by

Alper Kara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 6

Overview of datasets
Describing and presenting your data
Types of data

- Time series data: data collected at specific points in time. For example: changes in
price of stocks; GDP (Gross Domestic Product) (wages, interest rates, etc…) from a
specific period of time (e.g.: 1946-1998).
- We will use the notation Yt to indicate an observation on variable Y at time t.
- Cross sectional data: Individual units (people, companies, or countries). For example:
wage for every person in a certain company.
- We will use the notation Yi to indicate an observation on variable Y for
individual i.
- Panel data: Data which have both a time series and a cross sectional component.
- We will use the notation Yit to indicate an observation on variable Y for
individual I and time t.
Data transformations:
Levels and percentage change
Data transformations:
Index numbers
- Some times in areas such as Finance variables come in the form of index numbers.
For examples: stock market prices, inflation rates, etc.
- Suppose we have a price index for four years: Y1= 100,Y2= 106, Y3= 109, Y4= 111.
- The first year has been selected as a base year (Y1= 100)
- The numbers for the rest of the years are all relative to this base year and allow
for a simple calculation on how prices have changed since the base year.
- Y2= 106 means that prices have risen from 100 to 106 (6%) since the first year.
- Y3= 109 means that prices have risen from 100 to 109 (9%) from year 1 to year
3.
- Y4= 111 means that prices have risen from 100 to 111 (11%) from year 1 to
year 4.
How to obtain secondary data?
- Relevant datasets:
- Amadeus: European public & private companies
- Bankscope: Global coverage
- FAME: UK & Republic of Ireland companies
- Perfect Information (PI Navigator): Goverage
- Osiris: Global coverage
- DataStream: on some computers in BS
How to obtain secondary data?
- Relevant datasets:
- Amadeus: European public & private companies
- Bankscope: Global coverage
- FAME: UK & Republic of Ireland companies Access via university:
- Perfect Information (PI Navigator): Goverage Library A-Z electronic
- Osiris: Global coverage datasets
https://hud.libguides.com/az.php
- DataStream: on some computers in BS
How to obtain secondary data?
- Relevant datasets:
- Amadeus: European public & private companies
- Bankscope: Global coverage
- FAME: UK & Republic of Ireland companies Access via university:
- Perfect Information (PI Navigator): Goverage Library A-Z electronic
- Osiris: Global coverage datasets
https://hud.libguides.com/az.php
- DataStream: on some computers in BS

- Relevant statistical packages:


- Excel
- SPSS
- E-views
- Stata
How to obtain secondary data?
- Relevant datasets:
- Amadeus: European public & private companies
- Bankscope: Global coverage
- FAME: UK & Republic of Ireland companies Access via university:
- Perfect Information (PI Navigator): Goverage Library A-Z electronic
- Osiris: Global coverage datasets
https://hud.libguides.com/az.php
- DataStream: on some computers in BS

- Relevant statistical packages:


- Excel
- SPSS
- E-views
- Stata
How to obtain secondary data?
How to obtain secondary data?
Amadeus
How to obtain secondary data?
Bankscope
How to obtain secondary data?
FAME
How to obtain secondary data?
Osiris
Osiris
Company name Latest account date Turnover USD Number of employees. ISIN Number
1. WAL-MART STORES, 31/07/2016 482,130,000 2,300,000 US9311421039
INC.
2. CHINA PETROLEUM & 30/06/2016 311,953,617 351,019 CNE0000018G1
CHEMICAL
CORPORATION
3. PETROCHINA 30/06/2016 269,929,896 521,566 CNE1000003W8
COMPANY LIMITED

4. ROYAL DUTCH SHELL 30/06/2016 265,003,000 93,000 GB00B03MM408


PLC
5. EXXON MOBIL CORP 30/06/2016 259,488,000 73,500 US30231G1022

6. TOYOTA MOTOR 31/03/2016 252,180,739 348,877 JP3633400001


CORPORATION
7. VOLKSWAGEN AG 30/06/2016 240,156,240 610,076 DE0007664039

8. APPLE INC. 25/06/2016 233,715,000 110,000 US0378331005

9. BP PLC 30/06/2016 223,279,000 79,800 GB0007980591

10 MCKESSON 30/06/2016 190,884,000 68,000 US58155Q1031


. CORPORATION
Graphical analysis
Time series graphs
Graph that shows how a variable evolves over time.
Graphical analysis
Histograms
Cross sectional data: summarising data through a histogram. Class intervals
or bins that divide firms into groups based on their turnover
Graphical analysis
X-Y plots
Relationships between two or more variables. For example: are number of employees
associated with turnover?

X-Y plots: scatter diagrams


Descriptive Statistics

Mean: Statistical term for the average


𝑁
𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖
𝑌=
𝑁
Descriptive Statistics

Mean: Statistical term for the average


𝑁
𝑖=1 𝑌𝑖
𝑌=
𝑁

Standard deviation: Measures the variation/dispersion of a set of values from its


mean.
𝑁
− 𝑌)2
𝑖=1(𝑌𝑖
𝑠=
𝑁−1

Note: The square of the standard deviation is known as the variance.


Descriptive Statistics

Variable Observations Mean Std. Dev. Min Max

Turn over (millions) 20 213.4 82.227 143 482

Number of employees (millions) 20 .328 .4889 0 2.3

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