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WebD Unit-2

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14 views35 pages

WebD Unit-2

Uploaded by

trumantest73
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML Tags

When a web browser reads an HTML document, browser reads it from top to bottom and left
to right. HTML tags are used to create HTML documents and render their properties. Each
HTML tags have different properties.

An HTML file must have some essential tags so that web browser can differentiate between a
simple text and HTML text. You can use as many tags you want as per your code
requirement.

o All HTML tags must enclosed within < > these brackets.
o Every tag in HTML perform different tasks.
o If you have used an open tag <tag>, then you must use a close tag </tag> (except
some tags)

Syntax
<tag> content </tag>

HTML Tag Examples


Note: HTML Tags are always written in lowercase letters. The basic HTML tags are given
below:

<p> Paragraph Tag </p>

<h2> Heading Tag </h2>

<b> Bold Tag </b>

<i> Italic Tag </i>

<u> Underline Tag</u>

Test it Now

Unclosed HTML Tags


Some HTML tags are not closed, for example br and hr.

<br> Tag: br stands for break line, it breaks the line of the code.
<hr> Tag: hr stands for Horizontal Rule. This tag is used to put a line across the webpage.

HTML Meta Tags


DOCTYPE, title, link, meta and style

HTML Text Tags


<p>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <strong>, <em>, <abbr>, <acronym>,
<address>, <bdo>, <blockquote>, <cite>, <q>, <code>, <ins>, <del>, <dfn>, <kbd>, <pre>,
<samp>, <var> and <br>

HTML Link Tags


<a> and <base>

HTML Image and Object Tags


<img>, <area>, <map>, <param> and <object>

HTML List Tags


<ul>, <ol>, <li>, <dl>, <dt> and <dd>

HTML Table Tags


table, tr, td, th, tbody, thead, tfoot, col, colgroup and caption

HTML Form Tags


form, input, textarea, select, option, optgroup, button, label, fieldset and legends.
HTML Paragraph
HTML paragraph or HTML p tag is used to define a paragraph in a webpage. Let's take a
simple example to see how it work. It is a notable point that a browser itself add an empty
line before and after a paragraph. An HTML <p> tag indicates starting of new paragraph.

Note: If we are using various <p> tags in one HTML file then browser automatically adds a
single blank line between the two paragraphs.

See this example:

1. <p>This is first paragraph.</p>


2. <p>This is second paragraph.</p>
3. <p>This is third paragraph.</p>
Test it Now

Output:

This is first paragraph.

This is second paragraph.

This is third paragraph.

Space inside HTML Paragraph


If you put a lot of spaces inside the HTML p tag, browser removes extra spaces and extra line
while displaying the page. The browser counts number of spaces and lines as a single one.

1. <p>
2. I am
3. going to provide
4. you a tutorial on HTML
5. and hope that it will
6. be very beneficial for you.
7. </p>
8. <p>
9. Look, I put here a lot
10. of spaces but I know, Browser will ignore it.
11. </p>
12. <p>
13. You cannot determine the display of HTML</p>
14. <p>because resized windows may create different result.
15. </p>
Test it Now

Output:

I am going to provide you a tutorial on HTML and hope that it will be very beneficial for
you.

Look, I put here a lot of spaces but I know, Browser will ignore it.

You cannot determine the display of HTML

because resized windows may create different result.

As you can see, all the extra lines and unnecessary spaces are removed by the browser.

How to Use <br> and <hr> tag with paragraph?

An HTML <br> tag is used for line break and it can be used with paragraph elements.
Following is the example to show how to use <br> with <p> element.

Example:

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. </head>
5. <body>
6. <h2> Use of line break with pragraph tag</h2>
7. <p><br>Papa and mama, and baby and Dot,
8. <br>Willie and me?the whole of the lot
9. <br>Of us all went over in Bimberlie's sleigh,
10. <br>To grandmama's house on Christmas day.
11. </p>
12. </body>
13. </html>
Test it Now

Output:

An HTML <hr> tag is used to apply a horizontal line between two statements or two
paragraphs. Following is the example which is showing use of <hr> tag with paragraph.

HTML Lists
HTML Lists are used to specify lists of information. All lists may contain one or more list
elements. There are three different types of HTML lists:

1. Ordered List or Numbered List (ol)


2. Unordered List or Bulleted List (ul)
3. Description List or Definition List (dl)

Note: We can create a list inside another list, which will be termed as nested List.

HTML Ordered List or Numbered List


In the ordered HTML lists, all the list items are marked with numbers by default. It is known
as numbered list also. The ordered list starts with <ol> tag and the list items start with <li>
tag.

1. <ol>
2. <li>Aries</li>
3. <li>Bingo</li>
4. <li>Leo</li>
5. <li>Oracle</li>
6. </ol>
Test it Now

Output:

1. Aries
2. Bingo
3. Leo
4. Oracle

HTML Unordered List or Bulleted List


In HTML Unordered list, all the list items are marked with bullets. It is also known as
bulleted list also. The Unordered list starts with <ul> tag and list items start with the <li> tag.

1. <ul>
2. <li>Aries</li>
3. <li>Bingo</li>
4. <li>Leo</li>
5. <li>Oracle</li>
6. </ul>
Test it Now

Output:

o Aries
o Bingo
o Leo
o Oracle

HTML Description List or Definition List


HTML Description list is also a list style which is supported by HTML and XHTML. It is
also known as definition list where entries are listed like a dictionary or encyclopedia.

The definition list is very appropriate when you want to present glossary, list of terms or
other name-value list.

The HTML definition list contains following three tags:

1. <dl> tag defines the start of the list.


2. <dt> tag defines a term.
3. <dd> tag defines the term definition (description).

1. <dl>
2. <dt>Aries</dt>
3. <dd>-One of the 12 horoscope sign.</dd>
4. <dt>Bingo</dt>
5. <dd>-One of my evening snacks</dd>
6. <dt>Leo</dt>
7. <dd>-It is also an one of the 12 horoscope sign.</dd>
8. <dt>Oracle</dt>
9. <dd>-It is a multinational technology corporation.</dd>
10. </dl>
Test it Now
Output:
Aries
-One of the 12 horoscope sign.
Bingo
-One of my evening snacks
Leo
-It is also an one of the 12 horoscope sign.
Oracle
-It is a multinational technology corporation.

HTML Nested List


A list within another list is termed as nested list. If you want a bullet list inside a numbered
list then such type of list will called as nested list.

Code:

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>Nested list</title>
5. </head>
6. <body>
7. <p>List of Indian States with thier capital</p>
8. <ol>
9. <li>Delhi
10. <ul>
11. <li>NewDelhi</li>
12. </ul>
13. </li>
14. <li>Haryana
15. <ul>
16. <li>Chandigarh</li>
17. </ul>
18. </li>
19. <li>Gujarat
20. <ul>
21. <li>Gandhinagar</li>
22. </ul>
23. </li>
24. <li>Rajasthan
25. <ul>
26. <li>Jaipur</li>
27. </ul>
28. </li>
29. <li>Maharashtra
30. <ul>
31. <li>Mumbai</li>
32. </ul>
33. </li>
34. <li>Uttarpradesh
35. <ul>
36. <li>Lucknow</li></ul>
37. </li>
38. </ol>
39. </body>
40. </html>
Test it Now

Output:
Test it Now

HTML Ordered List | HTML Numbered List


HTML Ordered List or Numbered List displays elements in numbered format. The HTML
ol tag is used for ordered list. We can use ordered list to represent items either in numerical
order format or alphabetical order format, or any format where an order is emphasized. There
can be different types of numbered list:

o Numeric Number (1, 2, 3)


o Capital Roman Number (I II III)
o Small Romal Number (i ii iii)
o Capital Alphabet (A B C)
o Small Alphabet (a b c)

To represent different ordered lists, there are 5 types of attributes in <ol> tag.

Type Description

Type "1" This is the default type. In this type, the list items are numbered with numbers.

Type "I" In this type, the list items are numbered with upper case roman numbers.

Type "i" In this type, the list items are numbered with lower case roman numbers.

Type "A" In this type, the list items are numbered with upper case letters.

Type "a" In this type, the list items are numbered with lower case letters.

HTML Ordered List Example


Let's see the example of HTML ordered list that displays 4 topics in numbered list. Here we
are not defining type="1" because it is the default type.

1. <ol>
2. <li>HTML</li>
3. <li>Java</li>
4. <li>JavaScript</li>
5. <li>SQL</li>
6. </ol>
Test it Now

Output:

1. HTML
2. Java
3. JavaScript
4. SQL

ol type="I"

Let's see the example to display list in roman number uppercase.

1. <ol type="I">
2. <li>HTML</li>
3. <li>Java</li>
4. <li>JavaScript</li>
5. <li>SQL</li>
6. </ol>
Test it Now

Output:

I. HTML
II. Java
III. JavaScript
IV. SQL

ol type="i"

Let's see the example to display list in roman number lowercase.

1. <ol type="i">
2. <li>HTML</li>
3. <li>Java</li>
4. <li>JavaScript</li>
5. <li>SQL</li>
6. </ol>
Test it Now

Output:

i. HTML
ii. Java
iii. JavaScript
iv. SQL

ol type="A"

Let's see the example to display list in alphabet uppercase.

1. <ol type="A">
2. <li>HTML</li>
3. <li>Java</li>
4. <li>JavaScript</li>
5. <li>SQL</li>
6. </ol>
Test it Now

Output:

A. HTML
B. Java
C. JavaScript
D. SQL

ol type="a"

Let's see the example to display list in alphabet lowercase.

1. <ol type="a">
2. <li>HTML</li>
3. <li>Java</li>
4. <li>JavaScript</li>
5. <li>SQL</li>
6. </ol>
Test it Now

Output:

a. HTML
b. Java
c. JavaScript
d. SQL

start attribute

The start attribute is used with ol tag to specify from where to start the list items.

<ol type="1" start="5"> : It will show numeric values starting with "5".

<ol type="A" start="5"> : It will show capital alphabets starting with "E".

<ol type="a" start="5"> : It will show lower case alphabets starting with "e".

<ol type="I" start="5"> : It will show Roman upper case value starting with "V".

<ol type="i" start="5"> : It will show Roman lower case value starting with "v".

1. <ol type="i" start="5">


2. <li>HTML</li>
3. <li>Java</li>
4. <li>JavaScript</li>
5. <li>SQL</li>
6. </ol>
Test it Now

Output:

v. HTML
vi. Java
vii. JavaScript
viii. SQL
reversed Attribute:

This is a Boolean attribute of HTML <ol> tag, and it is new in HTML5 version. If you use
the reversed attribute with

tag then it will numbered the list in descending order (7, 6, 5, 4......1).

Example:

1. <ol reversed>
2. <li>HTML</li>
3. <li>Java</li>
4. <li>JavaScript</li>
5. <li>SQL</li>
6. </ol>
Test it Now

Output:
HTML Table
HTML table tag is used to display data in tabular form (row * column). There can be many
columns in a row.

We can create a table to display data in tabular form, using <table> element, with the help of
<tr> , <td>, and <th> elements.

In Each table, table row is defined by <tr> tag, table header is defined by <th>, and table data
is defined by <td> tags.

HTML tables are used to manage the layout of the page e.g. header section, navigation bar,
body content, footer section etc. But it is recommended to use div tag over table to manage
the layout of the page .

HTML Table Tags

Tag Description

<table> It defines a table.

<tr> It defines a row in a table.

<th> It defines a header cell in a table.

<td> It defines a cell in a table.

<caption> It defines the table caption.

<colgroup> It specifies a group of one or more columns in a table for formatting.

<col> It is used with <colgroup> element to specify column properties for each column.

<tbody> It is used to group the body content in a table.

<thead> It is used to group the header content in a table.

<tfooter> It is used to group the footer content in a table.

HTML Table Example

Let's see the example of HTML table tag. It output is shown above.

1. <table>
2. <tr><th>First_Name</th><th>Last_Name</th><th>Marks</th></tr>
3. <tr><td>Sonoo</td><td>Jaiswal</td><td>60</td></tr>
4. <tr><td>James</td><td>William</td><td>80</td></tr>
5. <tr><td>Swati</td><td>Sironi</td><td>82</td></tr>
6. <tr><td>Chetna</td><td>Singh</td><td>72</td></tr>
7. </table>
Test it Now

Output:

First_Name Last_Name Marks


Sonoo Jaiswal 60
James William 80
Swati Sironi 82
Chetna Singh 72

In the above html table, there are 5 rows and 3 columns = 5 * 3 = 15 values.

HTML Table with Border

There are two ways to specify border for HTML tables.

1. By border attribute of table in HTML


2. By border property in CSS

1) HTML Border attribute

You can use border attribute of table tag in HTML to specify border. But it is not
recommended now.

1. <table border="1">
2. <tr><th>First_Name</th><th>Last_Name</th><th>Marks</th></tr>
3. <tr><td>Sonoo</td><td>Jaiswal</td><td>60</td></tr>
4. <tr><td>James</td><td>William</td><td>80</td></tr>
5. <tr><td>Swati</td><td>Sironi</td><td>82</td></tr>
6. <tr><td>Chetna</td><td>Singh</td><td>72</td></tr>
7. </table>
Test it Now

Output:
First_Name Last_Name Marks
Sonoo Jaiswal 60
James William 80
Swati Sironi 82
Chetna Singh 72

2) CSS Border property

It is now recommended to use border property of CSS to specify border in table.

1. <style>
2. table, th, td {
3. border: 1px solid black;
4. }
5. </style>
Test it Now

You can collapse all the borders in one border by border-collapse property. It will collapse
the border into one.

1. <style>
2. table, th, td {
3. border: 2px solid black;
4. border-collapse: collapse;
5. }
6. </style>
Test it Now

Output:

Name Last Name Marks


Sonoo Jaiswal 60
James William 80
Swati Sironi 82
Chetna Singh 72

HTML Table with cell padding

You can specify padding for table header and table data by two ways:

1. By cellpadding attribute of table in HTML


2. By padding property in CSS

The cellpadding attribute of HTML table tag is obselete now. It is recommended to use CSS.
So let's see the code of CSS.

1. <style>
2. table, th, td {
3. border: 1px solid pink;
4. border-collapse: collapse;
5. }
6. th, td {
7. padding: 10px;
8. }
9. </style>
Test it Now

Output:

Name Last Name Marks

Sonoo Jaiswal 60

James William 80

Swati Sironi 82

Chetna Singh 72

HTML Table width:

We can specify the HTML table width using the CSS width property. It can be specify in
pixels or percentage.

We can adjust our table width as per our requirement. Following is the example to display
table with width.

1. table{
2. width: 100%;
3. }

Example:

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>table</title>
5. <style>
6. table{
7. border-collapse: collapse;
8. width: 100%;
9. }
10. th,td{
11. border: 2px solid green;
12. padding: 15px;
13. }
14.
15. </style>
16. </head>
17. <body>
18. <table>
19. <tr>
20. <th>1 header</th>
21. <th>1 header</th>
22. <th>1 header</th>
23. </tr>
24. <tr>
25. <td>1data</td>
26. <td>1data</td>
27. <td>1data</td>
28. </tr>
29. <tr>
30. <td>2 data</td>
31. <td>2 data</td>
32. <td>2 data</td>
33. </tr>
34. <tr>
35. <td>3 data</td>
36. <td>3 data</td>
37. <td>3 data</td>
38. </tr>
39. </table>
40. </body>
41. </html>
Test it Now

Output:

HTML Table with colspan

If you want to make a cell span more than one column, you can use the colspan attribute.

It will divide one cell/row into multiple columns, and the number of columns depend on the
value of colspan attribute.

Let's see the example that span two columns.

CSS code:

1. <style>
2. table, th, td {
3. border: 1px solid black;
4. border-collapse: collapse;
5. }
6. th, td {
7. padding: 5px;
8. }
9. </style>

HTML code:

1. <table style="width:100%">
2. <tr>
3. <th>Name</th>
4. <th colspan="2">Mobile No.</th>
5. </tr>
6. <tr>
7. <td>Ajeet Maurya</td>
8. <td>7503520801</td>
9. <td>9555879135</td>
10. </tr>
11. </table>
Test it Now

Output:

Name Mobile No.


Ajeet Maurya 7503520801 9555879135

HTML Table with rowspan

If you want to make a cell span more than one row, you can use the rowspan attribute.

It will divide a cell into multiple rows. The number of divided rows will depend on rowspan
values.

Let's see the example that span two rows.

CSS code:

1. <style>
2. table, th, td {
3. border: 1px solid black;
4. border-collapse: collapse;
5. }
6. th, td {
7. padding: 10px;
8. }
9. </style>

HTML code:

1. <table>
2. <tr><th>Name</th><td>Ajeet Maurya</td></tr>
3. <tr><th rowspan="2">Mobile No.</th><td>7503520801</td></tr>
4. <tr><td>9555879135</td></tr>
5. </table>
Test it Now

Output:

Name Ajeet Maurya

7503520801
Mobile No.
9555879135

HTML table with caption

HTML caption is diplayed above the table. It must be used after table tag only.

1. <table>
2. <caption>Student Records</caption>
3. <tr><th>First_Name</th><th>Last_Name</th><th>Marks</th></tr>
4. <tr><td>Vimal</td><td>Jaiswal</td><td>70</td></tr>
5. <tr><td>Mike</td><td>Warn</td><td>60</td></tr>
6. <tr><td>Shane</td><td>Warn</td><td>42</td></tr>
7. <tr><td>Jai</td><td>Malhotra</td><td>62</td></tr>
8. </table>
Test it Now

HTML Form
An HTML form is a section of a document which contains controls such as text fields,
password fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, submit button, menus etc.

An HTML form facilitates the user to enter data that is to be sent to the server for processing
such as name, email address, password, phone number, etc. .

Why use HTML Form

HTML forms are required if you want to collect some data from of the site visitor.
For example: If a user want to purchase some items on internet, he/she must fill the form such
as shipping address and credit/debit card details so that item can be sent to the given address.

HTML Form Syntax

1. <form action="server url" method="get|post">


2. //input controls e.g. textfield, textarea, radiobutton, button
3. </form>

HTML Form Tags

Let's see the list of HTML 5 form tags.

Tag Description

<form> It defines an HTML form to enter inputs by the used side.

<input> It defines an input control.

<textarea> It defines a multi-line input control.

<label> It defines a label for an input element.

<fieldset> It groups the related element in a form.

<legend> It defines a caption for a <fieldset> element.

<select> It defines a drop-down list.

<optgroup> It defines a group of related options in a drop-down list.

<option> It defines an option in a drop-down list.

<button> It defines a clickable button.


HTML <form> element

The HTML <form> element provide a document section to take input from user. It provides
various interactive controls for submitting information to web server such as text field, text
area, password field, etc.

Note: The <form> element does not itself create a form but it is container to contain all
required form elements, such as <input>, <label>, etc.

Syntax:

1. <form>
2. //Form elements
3. </form>

HTML <input> element

The HTML <input> element is fundamental form element. It is used to create form fields, to
take input from user. We can apply different input filed to gather different information form
user. Following is the example to show the simple text input.

Example:

1. <body>
2. <form>
3. Enter your name <br>
4. <input type="text" name="username">
5. </form>
6. </body>

Output:
HTML TextField Control

The type="text" attribute of input tag creates textfield control also known as single line
textfield control. The name attribute is optional, but it is required for the server side
component such as JSP, ASP, PHP etc.

1. <form>
2. First Name: <input type="text" name="firstname"/> <br/>
3. Last Name: <input type="text" name="lastname"/> <br/>
4. </form>

Output:
Note: If you will omit 'name' attribute then the text filed input will not be submitted to server.

HTML <textarea> tag in form


The <textarea> tag in HTML is used to insert multiple-line text in a form. The size of
<textarea> can be specify either using "rows" or "cols" attribute or by CSS.

Example

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>Form in HTML</title>
5. </head>
6. <body>
7. <form>
8. Enter your address:<br>
9. <textarea rows="2" cols="20"></textarea>
10. </form>
11. </body>
12. </html>

Output:

Label Tag in Form

It is considered better to have label in form. As it makes the code parser/browser/user


friendly.

If you click on the label tag, it will focus on the text control. To do so, you need to have for
attribute in label tag that must be same as id attribute of input tag.

NOTE: It is good to use <label> tag with form, although it is optional but if you will use it,
then it will provide a focus when you tap or click on label tag. It is more worthy with
touchscreens.

1. <form>
2. <label for="firstname">First Name: </label> <br/>
3. <input type="text" id="firstname" name="firstname"/> <br/>
4. <label for="lastname">Last Name: </label>
5. <input type="text" id="lastname" name="lastname"/> <br/>
6. </form>

Output:

HTML Password Field Control

The password is not visible to the user in password field control.

1. <form>
2. <label for="password">Password: </label>
3. <input type="password" id="password" name="password"/> <br/>
4. </form>

Output:
HTML 5 Email Field Control

The email field in new in HTML 5. It validates the text for correct email address. You must
use @ and . in this field

1. <form>
2. <label for="email">Email: </label>
3. <input type="email" id="email" name="email"/> <br/>
4. </form>

It will display in browser like below:

Note: If we will not enter the correct email, it will display error like:
Radio Button Control

The radio button is used to select one option from multiple options. It is used for selection of
gender, quiz questions etc.

If you use one name for all the radio buttons, only one radio button can be selected at a time.

Using radio buttons for multiple options, you can only choose a single option at a time.

1. <form>
2. <label for="gender">Gender: </label>
3. <input type="radio" id="gender" name="gender" value="male"/>Male
4. <input type="radio" id="gender" name="gender" value="female"/>Female <br/>
5. </form>

Checkbox Control

The checkbox control is used to check multiple options from given checkboxes
1. <form>
2. Hobby:<br>
3. <input type="checkbox" id="cricket" name="cricket" value="cricket"/>
4. <label for="cricket">Cricket</label> <br>
5. <input type="checkbox" id="football" name="football" value="football"/>
6. <label for="football">Football</label> <br>
7. <input type="checkbox" id="hockey" name="hockey" value="hockey"/>
8. <label for="hockey">Hockey</label>
9. </form>

Note: These are similar to radio button except it can choose multiple options at a time and
radio button can select one button at a time, and its display.

Output:

Submit button control

HTML <input type="submit"> are used to add a submit button on web page. When user
clicks on submit button, then form get submit to the server.

Syntax:

1. <input type="submit" value="submit">

The type = submit , specifying that it is a submit button

The value attribute can be anything which we write on button on web page.
The name attribute can be omit here.

Example:

1. <form>
2. <label for="name">Enter name</label><br>
3. <input type="text" id="name" name="name"><br>
4. <label for="pass">Enter Password</label><br>
5. <input type="Password" id="pass" name="pass"><br>
6. <input type="submit" value="submit">
7. </form>

Output:
HTML <fieldset> element:

The <fieldset> element in HTML is used to group the related information of a form. This
element is used with <legend> element which provide caption for the grouped elements.

Example:

1. <form>
2. <fieldset>
3. <legend>User Information:</legend>
4. <label for="name">Enter name</label><br>
5. <input type="text" id="name" name="name"><br>
6. <label for="pass">Enter Password</label><br>
7. <input type="Password" id="pass" name="pass"><br>
8. <input type="submit" value="submit">
9. </fieldset>
10. lt;/form>

Output:
HTML Form Example
Following is the example for a simple form of registration

1. <!DOCTYPE html>
2. <html>
3. <head>
4. <title>Form in HTML</title>
5. </head>
6. <body>
7. <h2>Registration form</h2>
8. <form>
9. <fieldset>
10. <legend>User personal information</legend>
11. <label>Enter your full name</label><br>
12. <input type="text" name="name"><br>
13. <label>Enter your email</label><br>
14. <input type="email" name="email"><br>
15. <label>Enter your password</label><br>
16. <input type="password" name="pass"><br>
17. <label>confirm your password</label><br>
18. <input type="password" name="pass"><br>
19. <br><label>Enter your gender</label><br>
20. <input type="radio" id="gender" name="gender" value="male"/>Male <br>
21. <input type="radio" id="gender" name="gender" value="female"/>Female <br/>
22. <input type="radio" id="gender" name="gender" value="others"/>others <br/>
23. <br>Enter your Address:<br>
24. <textarea></textarea><br>
25. <input type="submit" value="sign-up">
26. </fieldset>
27. </form>
28. </body>
29. </html>

Output:

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