V.

Summary/Synthesis/Feedback
● Many of the aud o-video recording technology apply the relationship between
electricity and magnetism known as electromagnetic induction.
● A typical recording studio consists of an audio-video console, microphones,
computers, studio monitors or speakers, disc players and cables used for the
exchange of audio and digital data signal during production, recording, mixing, and
even editing of all audio-video elements digitally stored on disk drives.
● Devices that detect and convert audio inputs to electric outputs or vice versa are
called transducers. Most transducers like microphones and speakers use the
"generator effect" characterized by the production of electromotive forces due to
either a changing electric signal within a magnetic field or a changing magnetic field
near a current-carrying conductor.
● Magnetism is commonly attributed to ferromagnetism and electromagnetism
depending on the material and moving charges. Every atom and all moving charges
are in constant motion and therefore has a bit of magnetism due to magnetic spins
and domains creating a net magnetic field.
● A magnet has two magnetic poles (north and south seeking poles).
● Stroking with a permanent magnet is one of the ways to induce or cause
magnetism in an object that can be magnetized. The polarity of the induced
magnetism in the object is opposite to the polarity of the nearer end of the
permanent magnet. Attraction happens after magnetic induction occurs.
● A magnet attracts, but do not repel, unmagnetized ferromagnetic materials such as
iron, nickel, cobalt and some of its alloys like steel and alnico.
● Both forces of attraction and repulsion is possible between magnets and between a
magnet and a temporarily magnetized object.
● A magnetic field surrounds a magnet. Within this region, the magnet affects
another magnet and other objects that can be magnetized.
● The magnetic field is strongest at the poles where the magnetic lines of induction
(flux) are closest. The magnetic field pattern can be shown using iron filings that
align along magnetic lines of induction.
● The magnetic lines of induction leave the north-pole and enter the south-pole in
close loops and can be indicated by the north pole of a compass.

other soos of magnetic feld lines between like poles bend a wales join each each othering
a force of rep lision. time lines befven unlike poles join with each other to form continuous
lines Thong a force of attraction.
● The earth act like a giant bar magnet and has a magnet feld simiar to it. an electe
has an electric field around it where other charges wil sarience an electromagnetic
fore elde charges repel while unlike charges atract.
 ● Moving charges or current in a wire produces a magnetic field.
● An electromagnet is a coil of wire that uses current to produce a strong
magnetic field.
● The magnetic field patterns of a disk magnet, an electromagnetic nail, a tharent
carrying straight conductor, and a current carrying coil are similar to that of the
single bar magnet.
● The magnetic field pattern between the poles of a U-shaped magnet resembles the
field pattern between unlike poles of two bar magnets. Compasses aligned along the
magnetic field show that the lines point from the north to the south poles and back
forming close loops.
● If the two bar magnets with two unlike poles which are close in between is brought
together, the magnetic field pattern will resemble that of the single bar magnet.
Lines from one pole enter the other pole.
● Most refrigerator magnets has a pattern of alternating bands of magnetic field.
● If the direction of the current is known, the direction of the magnetic field that is
perpendicular to it and the magnetic force that is perpendicular to both current and
magnetic field can be determined by applying the hand rules.
● Using the right hand rule, the direction of the magnetic field follows the direction
of the right hand fingers when the right thumb points in the direction of the
conventional current (from positive to negative).
● Using the left-hand rule, the direction of the magnetic field follows the direction of
the left hand fingers when the left thumb points in the direction of the real flow of
current (from negative to positive).
● The magnetic field is strongest at the center of a current-carrying coil.

● The magnetic field increases in direct proportion to the number of turns in a coil
with the compass needle, at the center of the coil of wire, deflecting about a wider
angle than the compass needle along the straightened wire.
● The end of the current-carrying coil where the magnetic lines of induction come
out acts as the north pole of the coil.
● A magnetic field exerts a force on a current-carrying conductor. Using the right-
hand rule, the direction of this force is in the direction where the palm faces.
● The motor effect is shown when a current-carrying conductor within a magnetic
field moves in the direction of the force. The force on a moving current-carrying
conductor may be varied by changing the magnetic field
● An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into rotational
mechanical energy. A simple DC motor can be assembled using a single coil that
rotates in a magnetic field. The direct current in the coil is supplied via two brushes.
●

The forces exerted on the current-carrying wire creates a rotation-causing force on

the coil.
● An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. A simple electric generator is made when a coil or any closed loop of
conductor moves through or cuts across magnetic field lines.
The coil will experience an induced voltage or an electromotive force that will cause
a pulsating direct current (DC) to be generated. The pulsating direct current
fluctuates in value but does not change direction.
● Electromagnetic induction is a process in which electric current is generated in a
conductor by a moving or changing magnetic field.
● A changing magnetic field occurs when there is relative motion between a source
of a magnetic field and a conductor, it does not matter which moves.
● A changing magnetic field may also arise from a changing nearby current.
The amount of voltage (EMF) induced when a conductor and a magnetic field are in
relative motion depends on (a) the length L of the conductor or the number of turns
in the coil, (b) the strength and orientation of the magnetic field B relative to the
conductor, and (c) The relative velocity v of the changing magnetic field.