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Channel:: Types

Information theory

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Ramcharan Kadam
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4 views10 pages

Channel:: Types

Information theory

Uploaded by

Ramcharan Kadam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Asignment-2

Fading. channel:
fodng channel sis ca Communication channell
that erperiences signal attenuation or distor tfon
due to Various environmental facters.
Types t faaing Channel:
4) Aarqe - Scale Fadig: Sgnal atttrualon oreurs
OVer a larqe are
area and due to shadouing
or path loss.
a) Small - Scale Fodng: Si¡nal attenuation ccurS
ver a Smal orea and due to
maltipath propa qotion or Doppler shift
Characteristics of fading Channel:
1) Rondoroness. Pading channels are random and
Afme -varging
3) Variabilkty: Stgnal skreng th and qualiy vory
sig nificantly over time and Space--
3) Corre lation: Fading chanriels of ten exh+bit
correlation bet ween signal samplea.
Effecks of Fading Channcl:
1) Error probabilty: Fading channels can cause
errors in digita Com municatton Sstems.
) Sanal dis tor tion : Fadfng cho
channels Can Cause
signal aistertion, leading erYOYS in
analog communicaton 'Systems.
Applicatins :
11) ading channels ave a maior Contern n wrtlesg
ommunfcation Sgteme such ay Cellular
netoor ks and Wi-Fi neloorks.
) Fading Channels con occur în sate lte Commukcoloy
Sytems due to almes phevte Condtl tons and
Satelfte molion
3) foding channel can otcur in radar Sylems
cue to environ mental fackors Such oy oeather
and tervain
SHamming Code
* Hamming Codesre
coc ype of ervor -c
Code that are widely wed n atgital
Communicolton sytems, wireless Commuscotion Siygtmy
Applications!
1) Digilal Cormmuricalien Sypemst
* tlamming codes are used to detect ard corect
erYors that occur
during digital dot tronsmini
Hamming codes are uged in meckem ceign to
dekeck and corret errorS that oCCur
Aata trontmi ssion er telephene nes ocur diring
2) Sateltite Cernmuniealfon Sytems:
Codes are uyed in Satelte
CommunYcotten Sytems to detect and
Correck errors Cauyed by noise and
interface.
) heless Communiealon Syykmgt
4 4lammg codes are wed ih tmeble phone
destgn to detect and correct erYoYs that
scur during oieless data thansnteston
-Alant Dat Drir Desgn
8) Compuder Netwoxks - Netunk prelecol Deign
)Error tectien n ryptographie Hath
Funettens during hahing proces is done by
hamming code and decade
3) Perform Viterbi algovithm fr l o10011 informatin.
* Thelf structure i ued i pevfor ming vilerb?
algorithm.
Trlli sYuclure
State state MM9

-tere pput is o then denoted dotted


sted by daihtd trne
tnes,f input ir i thn denoted
tterbi algerithrn on Snformatfon 1010011
o0)

orlo)

Decoded path Decoded data

4) Conskruct a deuble ervor Correcting binary


BCH code of bloc k length 4 (GF(2) ),determine
the dimensions this code , using this Codle
find the code ocrd the
nessage 2tl.
Given,
m=3 aad double error,t=2
Here the galois 4feld is GE (3) and its
primitive poynomia is Considered as

Elements value
is element
' finitive for Conjgate
Set
74141
'a' eemest pintve Set
for Conjugate
', (z) Conjugates
Gr of
polyromtal. ynwater odnlog
consdering
error dossle
(y'4n1) (*4)

Atere , q- degree c generator polynoi

kn-q

cta) dz) 3)
given, dta) 41
’c(x) = ( ) b4TA+ )
?+X1)

Code sord Vector - 4oooooo


s) For a (is,s) riple er ror
5) Correcling BcH
code oith generator polynomid g%)=°+
ySx x+l let all Zero Code LOord be.
4yansmitt ed and the tecieved polynornîal is
Given,

Levs Consider primitive polynomial


x+Xt|=0
As the BCH
BcH Code is tfle erTor
Sia Syndrome Caleulated
corveting.
Sl
elementvalue

42

3
The reieved polynomiol is

Hence he SyndroMes aoie


+22

32+ 4
Sy=

V3triple er ror Ceorrectng)


S
13
Sy

The deter minant el above mot

'lo-a)-"(o-)
3

N=2-1 =2

d
28

As e deteYminant s not Zxo


S S

S3
S1 S2
S

NOUO
S S
S

A()=

=(+a'ay(42')
There Loas ex TOY in 8+h an dl il th
Iocations. tlence vector s given
o0000o0010O\0000

Recieved poly nomfal is ' x" Hence


eie ved vector fs o0000000100)0000.
Modulo 2 (xOR) addtion eror Vector
and ieved vector fs giren a
30060656ol0016004 00606 00016O10006

ence cotained Zevo Ccde oord vector og


modulo 2 addfon.

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