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lecture-22

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ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

LECTURE-22

Environmental Pollution
When there is an undesirable change in the surrounding that has harmful
effects on plants and animals, it leads to environmental pollution. A
pollutant is a substance that causes pollution. We can have pollutants in
liquid, solid or gaseous form. A substance becomes a pollutant when its
concentration is greater than the natural abundance and this increase in
concentration is either due to human activities or natural
phenomenon. There are pollutants which can be degraded and rapidly
broken down by natural processes similar to the degradation of vegetables.
We also have pollutants which take decades to degrade, once released
cannot be easily removed. For example, DDT, plastic materials, heavy
metals and nuclear waste.

Effects of Environmental Pollution:


It has been seen that pollutants originate at a point and are then
transported to other places by the action of wind or water. Some pollutants
are dumped into the soil by human beings. This leads to air, water and soil
pollution respectively. If the soil is polluted, the useful microorganisms in it
will die and the fertility of soil will be lost. The production of crops will
decrease. If the soil is not fertile; it will have a harmful impact on the
human society. Similarly, if water is polluted then we have to purify it
before drinking. Purification needs resources. Lastly, if air is polluted,
respiration will become an issue and survival of life will be under
threat. Air pollution leads to many respiratory diseases and harms the
human body.
We can conclude by saying that environmental pollution will affect the life
on earth and should be reduced as far as possible. We harm the nature and
in turn, nature will harm us more. This should be stopped, our survival
depends on this environment so care should be taken and its balance
should be maintained.

Sources and Causes of Environmental Pollution

The sources and causes of environmental pollution includes the following:

 Industrial activities: The industries all over the world that brought
prosperity and affluence, made inroads in the biosphere and disturbed the
ecological balances. The pall of smoke, the swirling gases, industrial
effluents and the fall-out of scientific experiments became constant health
hazards, polluting and contaminating both air and water. The improper
disposal of industrial wastes are the sources of
soil and water pollution. Chemical waste resulting from industry can
pollute lakes, rivers and seas and soil too as well as releasing fumes.
 Dumping solid waste: Household and commercial waste pollutes the
environment when not disposed of properly.
 Vehicles: The smoke emitted by vehicles using petrol and diesel and the
cooking coal also pollutes the environment. The multiplication of vehicles,
emitting black smoke that, being free and unfettered, spreads out and
mixes with the air we breathe. The harmful smoke of these vehicles causes
air pollution. Further, the sounds produced by these vehicles
produces causes noise-pollution.
 Rapid urbanization and industrialization: The urbanization and the
rapid growth of industrialization are causing through environmental
pollution the greatest harm to the plant life, which in turn causing harm to
the animal kingdom and the human lives.
 Population overgrowth: Due to the increase in population, particularly in
developing countries, there has been surge in demand for basic food,
occupation and shelter. The world has witnessed massive deforestation to
expand absorb the growing population and their demands.
 Combustion of fossil fuels: The combustion of fossil fuels pollutes the air,
the soil and the water with noxious gases such as CO2 and CO.
 Agricultural waste: Fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture are key
causes of environmental pollution.

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