A.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (the Simple Present, the Present Continuous,
the Simple Past, the Past Continuous, Be going to) or the correct verb form.
A: ……………… you ……………… (know) Brian Bailey?
B: Yes, I ……………… (meet) him two years ago while I ……………… (work) in Germany.
……………… he still ……………… (live) there?
A: Yes, he does. He ……………… (live) in Frankfurt. He ……………… (have got) a good job
there but at the moment he ……………… (work) in London. He’s here for a few days and I’d
like ……………… (invite) him and you for dinner. Can you ……………… (come)?
B: Yes, I hope so. I’d love ……………… (see) Brian again! When I was in Germany we ……………
(see) each other quite often because his office was near the school where I ……………… (teach)
and so we sometimes ……………… (have) lunch together. I always enjoyed ……………… (talk)
to him. I wanted ……………… (write) to him but he moved and I ……………… (not have) his
new address.
A: Well, what about dinner on Friday?
B: That’s fine. What time?
A: Is 8 o’clock OK? I ……………… (ring) Brian yesterday to check the day, and I ………………
(ring) him again tomorrow to check the time.
B: Well, 8 o’clock is fine for me.
A: Great! See you on Friday then!

B. Read the letter from Chris to her friend, Jo. Chris is from San Francisco and just had a holiday with
Jo in London. Complete the sentences. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form.
Dear Jo,
Well, I (1) arrived (arrive) back safely two weeks ago. The flight (2) ............... (be) fine, but a
bit long. I (3) ............... (watch) two films and (4) ............... (eat) two breakfasts!
Thank you for everything. I (5) ............... (have) a really good time with you in London. I hope
you (6) ............... (enjoy) it too.
Everything here is very different from London. I (7) ............... (write) this letter outside in the
garden. I (8) ............... (sit) under a big umbrella because the sun is very hot today. I know we (9)
............... (have) some sunny days in London but I remember there (10) ............... (be) also some rain!
It was difficult for me to start work after my wonderful holiday, but it’s OK now. I (11) ...............
(be) in a new department since I come home and it is interesting. I (12) ............... (have) a new
manager now, and that’s good because the old one (13) ............... (be) horrible.
(14) ............... (you/like) rock music? My brother (15) ............... (be) a drummer in a new
group. He (16) ............... (practise) in his bedroom at the moment and it’s quite loud! I (17)..............
(just/send) you some of his cassettes. I hope you like them.
By the way, (18) ............... (you/find) a black leather photo album? I think I (19) ...............
(leave) it in the bedroom. Could you send it to me sometime? No hurry.
Jill (20) ............... (sit) in the garden with me and she sends her love to you. Please write soon,
and thank you again for a wonderful time.
Love Chris

C. Complete the sentences using the present perfect (have/has+v3) and the simple past tense
(Ved_V2).
1. One Sunday evening, two men ………met…………. (meet) in a London pub. One of them ………
was……. (be) very unhappy.
“Life is terrible, everything in the world is boring,” he ………said………….. (say). “Don’t say
that,”
……said…… (say) the other man. “Life is marvellous! The world is so exciting! Think about Italy.
It’s a wonderful country. Have you ever been (you/ever/be) there?
“Oh, yes. I …………………went…… (go) there last year and I …………………didn’t like……
(not like) it.”
“Well, ………have you ever been to……………… (you/ever/be) to Norway? …have you ever
seen…………………… (you/ever/seen) the midnight sun?” “Oh, yes. I ………went………………

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 (go) there in 1984 and I ……………………… (see) the midnight sun. I ……………………… (not
enjoy) it.”
“Well, I ……………………… (just/return) from a safari in Africa. ………………………
(you/visit) Africa yet?
“Yes, I ……………………… (go) on safari in Africa last year and I ……………………… (climb)
Mount Kilimanjaro. It ……………………… (be) really boring.”
“Well” ……………………… (say) the other man. “I think that you are very ill. Only the best
psychiatrist can help you. Go to see Dr. Greenbaum in Harley Street.”
“I am Dr. Greenbaum.” ……………………… (answer) the man sadly.
2. Monica Cox is a tennis player. She ……has won………… (win) many tournaments in her life. She
………………… (start) playing tennis with her father when she ……………… (be) three years old.
Two years ago, she ………………… (go) to America to a famous tennis school in California.
Monica and her father ………………… (travel) to many countries. Last month they
…………………… (go) to a tournament in Australia. Monica ………………… (play) well, but she
……………………… (win). She ………………… (not play) at Wimbledon yet, but she hopes to
do so next year.

D. Complete the following sentences. (Type 1 or 0 conditional)

Type 0
If it rains, the traffic is very heavy.
Type 1
If I do my homework, my teacher will check it.

1-) If Tom (finish) finishes his homework quickly, he (come) will come with us this evening.
2-) If you (smoke) smoke in here, people (be) ……will be………..angry.
3-) I (get) ……………..a cake if we (have) …………….. visitors tonight.
4-) If I (go) …………….. to bed late, I always (get up) …………….. late.
5-) The road is slippery. You (skid) ……………..if you (brake) ……………..suddenly.
6-) If I (watch) ……………..that programme, I always (get) ……………..angry.
7-) My neighbour (be) ……………..furious if you (park) ……………..in his parking space.
8-) If they (eat) …………….., I (not disturb) ……………..them.
9-) Laura never (want) …………….. breakfast if she (go) ……………..for an early-morning run..
10-) If Jane (misbehave) ………….. one more time, the teacher (ask) …………..her to leave the class.

E. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense to form either a first or a second conditional.

Type 2- For unreal/impossible events at presents

If I were in İzmir today, I wouldn’t see snow.
1. If it………………… (rain) this weekend, we ………………… (not be able to) play tennis.
2. Give me Peter’s letter. If I ………………… (see) him, I ………………… (give) it to him.
3. I have to work about 80 hours a week, so I’m very busy. But if I ………………… (have) any
spare time, I ………………… (take up) a sport like golf.
4. If I ………………… (be) taller, I ………………… (be) a policeman, but I’m too short.
5. Please start your meal. If you …………… (not have) your soup now, it ……………… (go)
cold.
6. You’re a brilliant cook! If I …………… (cook) as well as you, I ……………(open) a
restaurant.
7. What noisy neighbours you’ve got. If my neighbours ………………… (be) as bad as yours, I
………………… (go) crazy.
8. What ………………… you ………………… (do) if you ………………… (be) in my
situation?
9. Behave yourself Lucy. If you …………… (do) that again, you ………………(have) to go to
bed.
10. If you (have) …………….. a hangover, …………….. (drink) lots of fizzy water.

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 If you see James, (you) tell him he should call me.
If you are late to class, don’t enter the room.

F. Choose the most appropriate answer.

A boy in school (1).......................to bully me. I didn’t know what to do. Since my assertiveness
course, I have learned that if you stand up to bullies, your friends (2)....................... and make him
feel very small.
If someone (3).........................you, don’t run. Cross the road and start going the other way. If
someone really is following you, they (4)..........................the same. If they (5).............................a bit
of fun, they’ll walk on. At least (6).......................
If a stranger came up to talk to me, I (7)........................away or tell them that I
(8).............................interested in talking.
When the kids in this area called me names in the past, I used to get upset. If they do this now, I just
(9).........................round and tell them to say what they want because I don’t care. They stand there
open-mouthed, and I feel better.
If I (10)....................I was in the wrong, I wouldn’t try to hide it.
1. a. tried b. tries c. will try d. has tried
2. a. helps b. will help c. would help d. helped
3. a. followed b. will follow c. follows d. would follow
4. a. will do b. would do c. do d. did
5. a. have b. are having c. had d. will have
6. a. you knew b. you’ll know c. would know d. you know
7. a. will walk b. walk c. walked d. would walk
8. a. am not b. was not c. will not d. would not
9. a. will do b. did c. do d. would do
10. a. know b. knew c. would know d. will know

Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.

1. You can stay here tonight if you ……………… (not have) anywhere else to stay.
2. If you …………. (have) any problems, give me a ring.
3. If she has been working hard all day, she ………………….. (be) very tired when she gets in.
4. If this should happen again, ………… (come) and …………. (tell) me about it immediately.
5. You can’t expect kindness and support from your family if you ……………….. (not give) the
same to them.
6. If I …………….. (get) a pay rise, I’m going to buy a new car.
7. If I ………………… (finish) my homework on time, I will watch a film on TV.
8. A: What time will you be home tonight?
B: I’m not sure. If I ……………………. (have to) work late, I ……………. (call) you.
9. If you …………….. (be) bored, do something else.
10. If Henry jogs regularly, he ……………….. (lose) weight.

Unless= if not
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go on a picnic.

Unless it rains, we will go on a picnic.

We will call you if they don’t help us.

We will call you unless they help us.

Which word makes more sense? Put in if or unless.

1. Rachel will be pleased ……if…….. she passes her driving test.
2. The bus won’t stop ……unless………. you ring the bell.

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 3. I can’t read your letters ………unless…… you type them.
4. You can’t go into the reception ……unless…….. you’ve got a ticket.

EXPRESSING THE FUTURE IN TIME CLAUSES

In (a): When Bob comes is a time clause.

(a) Bob will come soon. When Bob comes, we When + subject + verb = a time clause
will see him. Will or be going to is NOT used in a time clause.
(b) Linda is going to leave soon. Before she The meaning of the clause is future, but the
leaves, she is going to finish her work. simple present tense is used.
(c) I will get home at 5:30. After I get home, I
will eat dinner. A time clause begins with such words as when,
(d) The taxi will arrive soon. As soon as it before, after, as soon as, until, while and
arrives, we’ll be able to leave for the airport. includes a subject and a verb. The time clause
(e) They are going to come soon. I’ll wait here can come either at the beginning of the sentence
until they come. or in the second part of the sentence.
When he comes, we’ll see him.
OR
We’ll see him when he comes.
Sometimes the present progressive is used in a
(f) While I am travelling in Europe next year, I’m time clause to express an activity that will be in
going to save money by staying in youth hostels. progress in the future, as in (f)

Occasionally, the present perfect is used in a time

(g) I will go to bed after I finish my work. clause, as in (h). Examples (g) and (h) have the
(h) I will go to bed after I have finished my work. same meaning. The present perfect in the time
clause emphasizes the completion of the act
before the other act ocurs in the future.

Use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ or ‘the simple present tense’. (In this exercise, both will and be going
to are possible when a future tense is necessary, with little or no difference in meaning.)

1. Peter is going to leave in half an hour. He will/is going to finish all of his work before he leaves.
2. I’m going to eat lunch at 12:30. After I ………………… (eat), I ………………….(take) a nap.
3. I’ll get home around six. When I ………………… (get) home, I ………………… (call) Sharon.
4. I’m going to watch a TV program at nine, but before I …………………(watch) the program, I
………………… (write) a letter to my parents.
5. Gary will come soon. I ………………… (wait) here until he ………………… (come).
6. I’m sure it will stop raining soon. As soon as the rain ………………… (stop), I …………………
(walk) to the store to get some film.
7. I ………………… (listen) to English language tapes while I ………………… (sleep) tonight. Do
you think it will help me learn English faster?
8.I ……………………… (not leave) until I ……………………………… (finish) this job.
9.We …………………….. (have) a party when the exams ……………………. (be) over.
10. Tell Jane I’ll call her as soon as I …………………… (have) some news.
11. The children ………………… (have) some ice-cream while they ……………… (be) there.
12. Do your homework as soon as you …………………. (get) home.

Complete the sentence for each situation, using conditionals type 1 or 2.

1. You are standing very close to the edge of a swimming-pool. You’re wearing all your
clothes, not a
swimming costume. A friend says:

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 If you (fall in) fall in, your clothes (get) will get wet!
2. You can’t answer a question in your English book. You ask a friend to help, but she doesn’t
know
the answer. She says:
If I (know) ……………………………….. the answer, I (tell)
……………………………….. you.
3. You are walking towards the bus-stop with a friend. Suddenly the bus arrives. The bus-stop
is far
away, but you think there is a chance of catching the bus. You say:
If we (run) ……………………………….., we (catch) ……………………………….. it!
4. You are planning to go to the beach tomorrow with some friends. You are not sure about
the
weather, because it sometimes rains at this time of the year. You arrange to meet tomorrow
afternoon and say:
If it (rain) ……………………………….., we (go) ……………………………….. to the
cinema
instead.
5. You are very busy, because you have lots of school work, and you also play in two teams.
A friend
asks you to join a computer club. You say:
If I (have) ……………………………….. more free time, I (join)
………………………………..
the club. But it’s impossible at the moment because I’m too busy!

Choose the correct option.

1. If you search the house carefully, you would find / may find / find your ring.
2. If Mary found out about this, she would feel / may feel / felt bad about it.
3. According to the timetable, if the train leaves / leave / left on time we will arrive / would
arrive /
arrives at 5.30.
4. When it will get / get / gets dark, the temperature goes down.
5. Unless he apologised / apologises / will apologise, I won’t speak to him again.
6. What will we do if Karen will already visit / has already visited / may already visit the
Science
Museum?
7. I can’t understand what he sees in her! If she treats / will treat / treated me like that, I am /
will be
/ would be extremely angry!
8. If you put an empty bottle into the water, it has floated / must float / floats.
9. You can leave your dog with me if / unless / not unless you want to take him with you on
holiday.
10. If I were / am / have been you, I’d buy her an album.
11. If Jake stopped / has stopped / will stop talking on the phone, I’ll make a phone call.
12. Please will buy / bought / buy me a bottle of wine if you go shopping.
13. If I had / have / am having a driving licence, I could drive my father’s car.
14. You will be in a lot of trouble unless you don’t tell / will tell / tell your parents the truth.
15. If you want to visit the museum, don’t go / won’t go / not go after 7:00 p.m. because it
will be
closed.

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16. I don’t know how to play baseball, but I’m sure that if I will / do / did, I play / will play /
would
play a lot better than anyone in this awful team!

Rewrite the following sentences using conditionals type 0, 1 or 2.

1. I don’t know how to change a tyre, otherwise I would do it myself.
If I knew how to change a tyre, I would do it myself. (knew)
2. If you don’t finish your homework, you won’t come with us tonight.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
(unless)
3. It’s raining. We can’t go to the beach.
………………………………………………………………………………………..
(could)
4. Add five and six. You get eleven.
………………………………………………………………………………………... (if)
5. I think that you shouldn’t drive so carelessly.
………………………………………………………………………………………...
(were)
6. You’ll catch a cold unless you’re warmly dressed.
………………………………………………………………………………………… (if)
7. Maybe she has already bought this record. I won’t buy it for her.
………………………………………………………………………………………... (if)
8. I don’t have a car, so I have to wait for the bus every day.
………………………………………………………………………………………... (had)
9. I’ll call the police if you don’t leave me alone!
………………………………………………………………………………………...
(unless)

Cathy and her brother Tom are visiting websites. Complete the dialogue with the
correct form of the First or Second Conditional.

The News Website

Cathy: If we visit (visit) this website here, we ……………………….. (see) a virtual museum.
Tom: No, that one’s better. ‘News from around the world’. If we ………………………..
(go) to that site, we ……………………….. (get) the news from the USA, Australia,
New Zealand. Everywhere!
Cathy:OK. Just a minute. Here we are. (Cathy reads the website.) ‘New Zealand news. An
Auckland man has found $1,000 on the beach’. That’s interesting! If I
……………………….. (find) all that money, I ……………………….. (go) to
Auckland. ……………………….. you ……………………….. (go) to New Zealand
if you ……………………….. (have) the money?
Tom: No, the USA. But things like that don’t happen to me. I ……………………….. (not
find) money if I ……………………….. (be) on a beach, like that Auckland man. I
……………………….. (not win) the lottery if I ……………………….. (have) a
ticket, so I don’t buy one.
Cathy:You are a pessimist, Tom! Look, this is from a newspaper in the USA. A python has
escaped from a woman’s house.

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Tom: If I ……………………….. (have) a python, I ……………………….. (give) it to a
zoo, not keep it in the house. What ……………………….. (happen) if we all
……………………….. (keep) dangerous animals at home?