Solution

CHAPTERWISE SAMPLE PAPER: RAY OPTICS & OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
(d) act as a convex lens irrespective of the side on which the object lies
Explanation:
The relation between focal length f, the refractive index of the given material μ , R1 and R2 is known as lens maker's formula
and it is 1

f
= (μ − 1) (
1

R1
−
1

R2
)

R1 = ∞, R2 = −R
R
f =
(μ−1)

Here, R = 20 cm, μ = 1.5. On substituting the values, we get

R 20
f = = = 40cm
μ−1 1.5−1

As f > 0 means converging nature. Therefore, the lens act as a convex lens irrespective of the side on which the object lies.

2.
(c) 30o
Explanation:

In △AQR
∠ A + ∠ Q + ∠ R = 180o
30° + 90 - r + 90 = 180o
r = 30o
δ = 90o - 30o - r
δ = 90o - 30o - 30o
δ = 30o
so angle of deviation is 30 degree.

3.
(d) both objective and eye-piece have short focal lengths
Explanation:
Angular magnification or magnifying power of compound microscope is defined as ratio of angle made at eye by image formed
at infinity to the angle made by object, if placed at distance of distinct vision from an unaided eye.
Magnification = LD

fo fe

where, L- length of the tube of microscope, D = 25 cm

Now as, m ∝ 1/fo
and m ∝ 1/fe
∴ both eye piece and objective must be of smaller focal lengths, so, that magnification is higher.

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4.

(d)

Explanation:

5.
(b) 21 cm
Explanation:

Distance between two positions of lens, L1L2 = 40 cm and OI = 100cm

Let distance of object from L1 = x, therefore u = -x, hence x + 40 + x = 100 or x = 30 cm
For L1 we have, u = -30 cm and v = 70 cm
Putting values in lens formula,
1 1 1
= −
f v u

1 1 1
= +
f 70 30

On solving we get, f = +21 cm

6.
(d) 1.47
Explanation:
the refractive index of liquid must be equal to refractive index of glass=1.47

7.
(c) 21.28 cm
Explanation:
1 μ2 1 1
= ( − 1)( − )
f μ1 R1 R2

For violet light,

1 1 1 1 1
= (1.5 − 1)( − ) = 0.5( − )
fv R1 R2 R1 R2

For red light,

1 1 1 1 1
= (1.47 − 1)( − ) = 0.47( − )
f R1 R2 R1 R2
r

Hence, f r =
0.5

0.47
fv = 1.064 × 20 = 21.28cm

8.
(d) lesser than the focal length of eyepiece
Explanation:

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 lesser than the focal length of eyepiece

9. (a) 2f
Explanation:
The focal length of each part will be 2f
10.
(c) zero
Explanation:
zero

11.
(d) red colour.
Explanation:
For a glass prism, the angle of minimum deviation will be smallest for the light of red color.
1
As wavelength of red color is maximum among all, hence, μ ∝ λ
, hence μis smaller. As μ decreases, angle of deviation
decreases.

12.
(b) 3 cm
Explanation:
Apparent depth = (Real depth) / (refractive index)
Now, Height raised = real depth - apparent depth
apparent depth
= real depth(1 - real depth
)
= real depth(1 - 1

ref ractive index

)

= d(1 − 1

μ
) = 12 (1 −
1

4
) = 12 (1 −
3

4
) =
12

4
= 3cm

13.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation:
Air bubbles shine in water due to total internal reflection. Total internal reflection occurs when light passes from denser
medium (water) to rarer medium (air inside the bubble) and angle of incidence is more than the critical angle.
So, the assertion is true and the reason is false.

14. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
RP ∝ diameter of objective.
15.
(d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is correct statement.
Explanation:
We cannot interchange the objective and eye lenses of a microscope to make a telescope because focal length of lenses are very
small in microscope and hence their difference (fo - fe) is also very small.
Whereas in telescope, objective has a very large focal length as compared to eye lens. So, difference between focal length of
objective and eye piece is large in telescope as compared to the same in case of microscope.

16. (a) μ < μ ; μ = μ

2 1

Explanation:
Since light rays do not get refracted while entering the lens, hence, μ = μ 1

After emerging from concave lens, light rays converge, hence, μ < μ 2

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17.
(c) make an angle of 32o with each other
Explanation:

sin i 1 ∘
= [∵ i = 30 ]
sin r 1.44
1.44
sin r = = 0.72
2

∘ ∘ ∘
∠AC B = 2[180 − (120 + 90 − r)]

∘ −1 ∘ o
= 2(r − 30 ) = 2[sin (0.72) − 30 ] ≈ 32

18.
(b) μ = μ < μ
1 2

Explanation:
Since light rays do not suffer any refraction while entering the lens, μ = μ 1

But as light rays diverge when they emerge from convex lens, μ < μ 2

Section B
19. Given, h1 = 12 m, u = -15 m, v = ?
h2 = 12 cm = 0.12 m (symbols have their usual meanings)
h2 h2
As, h1
= −
v

u
,v = −
h1
× u [as pin hole camera uses convex lens]
0.12
v = − × −15
12

⇒ v = 0.15m

⇒ v = 15cm

Thus, the screen should be placed 15 cm from the pinhole to obtain a 12 cm tall image of the tree.
Real depth
20. As, μ = =
12.4
⇒ μ=
4

Apparent depth 9.3 3

4
Refractive index of water is 3
or 1.33.
Again for another liquid, μ = 1.6
12.4
1.6 =
Apparent depth
⇒ Apparent depth =
12.4

1.6
= 7.75cm

Distance moved by microscope will be the difference of two apparent heights

= 9.3 − 7.75 = 1.55cm

21. Angle of prism, A = 60o (Since prism is an equilateral glass prism) We are given that
We are given that
3 3 ∘
i = A= × 60
4 4
1

sin i sin 45
∘ √2 2 –
∴ μ= = ∘
= = = √2
sin r sin 30 1
√2
2

At minimum deviation,
A ∘
r = = 30
2
1

sin i sin 45
∘ √2 2 –
∴ μ= = ∘
= = = √2
sin r sin 30 1
√2
2

∴ Speed of light in the prism is given by

= 2.1 × 108 m/s
8
c 3×10
v = =
μ √2

f0
22. i. m = fe
(1+fe/D)
The distance of the eyepiece is so adjusted that the objective's image lies within its focal length. The eyepiece magnifies this

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 image so that the final image is magnified and inverted with respect to the object
condition: By increasing fo or decreasing fe
ii. (a) No chromatic aberration.
(b) No spherical aberration.
(c) Mechanical advantage - low weight, easier to support.
(d) Mirrors are easy to prepare.
(e) More economical.
23. Focal length of the convex lens, f1 = 30 cm.
Focal length of plane concave lens of liquid be = f2
and,
Combined focal length, F = 45.0 cm
As, 1

f1
+
1

f2
=
1

f
1
=
1

F
−
1

f
= 45
1
−
30
1

2 1

1
= −
90

f2 = -90 cm
For glass lens, ket R1 = R, R2 = -R
Using lens maker's formula,
1 1 1
= (μ − 1) ( − )
f R1 R2
1

We have,
1 3 1 1
∴ = ( − 1) ( + )
30 2 R R

1 2 1
= × =
2 R R

Thus, R = 30 cm
For liquid lens,
R1 = -R = -30.0 cm
R2 = ∞

1 1 1
= (μl − 1) ( − )
f2 R1 R2

1 1
= (μl − 1) ( − )
−30 ∞

1 1
⇒ = (μl − 1) ×
−90 −30

30 1
⇒ (μl − 1) = =
90 3
30 1
⇒ (μl − 1) = =
90 3

μl = 1 +
1

3
=
4

3
,this is required refractive index
Section C

24.

for small angles,

tan ∠NOM = MN

OM

tan ∠NCM = MN

MC

tan ∠NIM = MN

MI

Now, for △NOC, ∠i i is the exterior angle. Therefore, ∠i = ∠NOM + ∠NCM

i= MN

OM
+ MN

MC

Similarly,
r = ∠NCM - ∠NIM
MN MN
i.e. r = MC
- MI

By Snell's law

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 n1 sin i = n2 sin r
or for small angles, sin i ≈ i and sin r ≈ r
n1 i = n2 r
Substituting i and r, we get
n1 n2 n2 − n1

OM
+ MI
= MC

Where OM, MI and MC represent magnitude of distances.

Applying the Cartesian sign convention
OM = -u, MI = +v, MC = +R
Substituting these in equation, we get
n2 n1 n2 − n1

v
- u
= R

25. f3 = + 20 cm, v3 = 20 cm
1 1 1
= +
20 20 u3

⇒ u3 = ∞

It shows that L2 must render the rays parallel to the common axis. It means that the image (I1), formed by L1 must be at a distance
of 20 cm from L2 (at the focus of L2)
Therefore, distance between L1 and L2 (= 40 + 20) = 60 cm and distance between L2 and L3 can have any value.
Given, f1 = f2 = f3 20 cm
For lens, L1
u = - 40 cm
f = 20 cm
1 1 1
− =
v u f

1 1 1
= +
v u f

1 1 1
= − +
v 40 20
1 1
=
v 40

v = 40 cm
( + ve sign shows it is right hand side of lens L1)
Now for L3 the final image is at its focus, that means v3 = + 20 cm.
Hence u3 = ∞
Now, since image of the object AB formed by convex lens L2 is virtual object for L3 therefore v2 = ∞ .
Hence for lens L2, u2 = ?, f2 = 20 cm and u2 = ∞ .
Using the lens formula,
1 1 1
− =
v2 u2 f2

1 1 1
⇒ − =
∞ u2 20

u2 = - 20 cm
So, the separation between L1 and L2
= 40 + 20 = 60 cm
As v2 = ∞ and u3 = ∞ , therefore the distance between L2 and L3 does not matter it may take any value because image by L2 is
formed at infinity.
Hence, the distance between L2and L3 can have any value.
OR

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 a.

δ = (i - r1) + (e - r2)
δ = (i + e) - (r1 + r2)
In Quadrilateral AQOR
∠ Q = ∠ R = 90o
∴ ∠ A + ∠ O = 180o ...(1)
In △QOR
O + r1 + r2 = 180o ...(2)
Comparing (1) and (2)
∴ A = r1 + r2

∴ δ = (i + e) - A

b. If a ray passes symmetrically through a prism (parallel to base of prism), the value of angle of deviation is minimum.
At this angle∠ i = ∠ e and ∠ r1 = ∠ r2

26. Three rays (1, 2, 3) of different colours fall normally on one of the sides of an isosceles right-angled prism as shown. At plane
AC, the incident angle for ray 1, ray 2 and ray 3 = 45°

Let critical angle for total internal reflection for ray 1 = C1

1
1.39 =
sin C1

1
⇒ sin C1 =
1.39

= 0.719
Hence C1 > 45° (sin 450 = 0.707)
Let critical angle for total internal reflection for ray 2 = C2
1
1.47 =
sin C2

1
⇒ sin C2 = = 0.68
1.47

Hence C2 < 45°

Let critical angle for total internal reflection for ray 3 = C3
1
1.52 =
sin C3

1
⇒ sin C3 = = 0.657
1⋅52

Hence C3 < 45°

As in the case of ray 1, the incident angle is less than the critical angle, it would emerge out from AC. In the figure path of the ray
1 is shown.
In the case of ray 2, ray 3, incident angle is greater than the critical angle, they would get total internal reflection at AC and
emerge from BC. In the figure path of the rays, 2 and 3 are shown.

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27.

In right angled triangle ABC,

tan(90
∘
− θ) =
h

r
⇒ cot θ =
h

r
.... (i)
where h is the depth of water and r is the radius of a water surface.
Given: μ = , h = 80 cm = 0.8 m 4

Now, μ = 1

sin θ
3
∴ sin θ =
4

√7
cot θ =
3

From eqn. (i),

√7 0.8
=
3 r

⇒ r = 0.9 m
Surface area (A) = πr 2

2
= 3.14 × 0.9

= 2.5 m2
OR
Given: A = 60°, δ m = 40
∘

A+δ m
sin( ) ∘ ∘
sin( 60 + 40 )/2
Now, a μg =
2

A
=
∘
sin 60 /2
sin
2
∘
sin 50 0.766
a μg = ∘ = = 1.532
sin 30 0.54

After the prism is placed in water,

sin(A+δ ′
m)

2
w μg =
A
sin
2

60+δ ′
m
a sin( )
μg 2

or α
μw
=
sin 30
∘

′
δm
∴ sin(30 +
′

2
) =
1

2
×
1.532

1.33
= 0.5759
′
δm
or 30 ∘
+
2
= 35 10
∘ ′

or δ ′
m = 10 20
∘ ′

Thus, the new angle of minimum deviation of a parallel beam of light is 10o20'.
Section D

28. i.

h h
From the diagram β = fe
and α = fo

f
Magnifying Power = fe
O

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 ii.

Fr lens L1,
1 1 1
− =
v u f

1 1 1
− =
v −36 24

1 1 1
= −
v 24 36
1 3−2 1
= =
v 72 72

v = 72 cm
For lens L2:
1 1 1
′
− ′
= ′
v u f

1 1 1
− =
′ −18
v (72−45)

1 1 1
= +
′ −18 27
v
1 −3+2 −1
= =
′ 54 54
v

v = -54 cm
Final distance v = -54 - (-45) ′
1

v = -9 cm (to the left of convex lens)

′
1
′
hi v

Magnification ho
=
1

hi −9

1
=
−36
⇒ hi = + 1

4
cm
1
hence,height of the image formed 4
cm
OR
Referring to the figure, we have shown an opaque hemispherical bowl of radius aa with center O. AM is the direction of in a bowl,
BM is the direction of the incident ray. Refracted ray in both cases is same as that along MN. Referring to the figure, AM is the
direction of in a bowl, BM is the direction of the incident ray. Refracted ray in both cases is the same as that along MN.

Let the disc is separated by O at a distance d as shown in the figure. Also, considering the angle
P = 90o, OM = a, CB = R, BP = a - R, AP = a + R
a−R
Here, in ΔBM P , sin i = BP

BM
= ....(i)
2 2
√d +(a−R)

a+R
and in ΔAM P cos(90 ∘
− α) = sin α = ....(ii)
2 2
√d +(a+R)

But on applying Snell's law at point M

μ × sin i = 1 × sin r
a−R a+R
μ× = 1 ×
2 2 2 2
√d +(a−R) √d +(a+R)

2 2
μ(a − R )

⇒ d =
2 2
√(a+R) −μ(a−R)

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29. i. Due to refraction of light

In △OAB,
sin i = AB

OB

In △IAB, sin r = AB

IB

According to Snell's law

1

μ
= =
sin i

sin r
When angles are small, OB ≈ OA and IB ≈ IA
IB

OB

μ = OA

IA
= x

Height through which object is raised = x - y

=x- x

= x (1 − 1

μ
)

ii. f0 = 2 cm
fe = 6.25 cm
L = v0 + |u e| = 15 cm
ve = -25 cm
1 1 1

Ve
−
ue
= fe
;

−25
1
- ue
1
= 6.25
1

ue = -5 cm
Now, L = v0 + |-5| = 15 cm
Vo = 10 cm
Now, 1

f
= 1

Vo
- 1

uo
o

u0 = 2.5 cm
Vo
MP = uo
[1 +
fo
D
]

= -20
OR
a.

where AB = object, A'B' = image formed by objective, A''B'' = image formed by eyepiece
L is the separation between the eyepiece and the objective,
f0 is the focal length of the objective,

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 fe is the focal length of the eyepiece,
D is the least distance for clear vision
b. For the least distance of clear vision, the total magnification is given by:
m = −
L
(1 +
D
) = mo ⋅ me ...(i)
fo fe

Also, the given magnification for the eyepiece:

me = 5 = (1 + D

f
)
e

⇒ 5=1+ 20

f
e

⇒ fe = 5 cm
Substituting the value of m and me in equation (i), we get:
m = m0 . me
⇒ mo =
m

me
=
20

5
=4
Now, we have:
L
mo =
| fo |

⇒ f0 = 14

4
= 3.5 cm

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