Solution

CHAPTERWISE SAMPLE PAPER: MOVING CHARGES & MAGNETISM

Class 12 - Physics
Section A
1.
(c) 4B
Explanation:
The radii of the coils in two cases are R1 and R2.
R1
Then, L = 2πR 1 = 2 × 2πR2 ⇒ R2 =
2
μ I μ nI μ 2I μ I
∴ B=
2R1
0
and B ′
=
0

2R2
=
0

R1
= 4
0

2R1
= 4B
2( )
2

2.
(d) 117 Ω
Explanation:
117 Ω

3.
(c) 8 N in -z direction.
Explanation:
⃗ ⃗
F = q(v ⃗ × B)

−6 6 −1
^ ^ ^
= −2 × 10 C [(2 i + 3 j ) × 10 ms × 2 j T]

^
= −8k

i.e., 8 N in the -ve z direction.

4.
μ
(c) 0

Explanation:
μo N I μe ×1×1 μ0
B= = =
2a 2×1 2

5.
(c) 50 V range and 10 kΩ resistance in series.
Explanation:
50 V range and 10 kΩ resistance in series.

6.
(b) 0.39 T
Explanation:
0.39 T

7.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
In this case, we cannot be sure about the absence of the magnetic field because if the electron moving parallel to the direction
of the magnetic field, the angle between velocity and applied magnetic field is zero, and the force experienced by the electron
is zero (F = 0).
Then, the also electron passes without deflection.

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 8. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
The magnetic lines of force due to current carrying straight solenoid is same as that of a bar magnet (That's why at some places
solenoid is used as a temporary magnet).
9.
2
μ0 I
(d)
√2πd

Explanation:
2
μ0 I
FBA = FBC =
2πd

But F BA ⊥ FBC
2 2
– – μ0 I μ0 I
∴ F = √2FBA = √2 =
2πd √2πd

10. (a) along OY

Explanation:
The field B⃗ due to current I act normally into the plane of paper i.e., along -ve Z-direction
⃗ ⃗ ^ ^
F = Q(v ⃗ × B) = Q[v i × (−Bk)]

^ ^ ^
= QvBk × i = QvBj , thus the force on the charge is along OY direction.
Section B
11. i. Current sensitivity, I S =
α

I
=
N BA

Since it is easier to change N than k, A or B, so the current sensitivity can be increased by increasing N. To increase it by 25%,
N should be increased from 24 to 30.
α α N BA
ii. Voltage sensitivity, V S =
V
=
RI
=
kR

As k, A, B are same in the two cases, we need to compare only N/R ratio.
For original meter, = = 1.7
N

R
24

14

For modified meter, N

R
=
30

21
= 1.4

Thus the modified meter has less voltage sensitivity than the original meter. By increasing the number of turns, it has gained in
current sensitivity but lost in voltage sensitivity.
12. A = 5 cm × 2 cm = 10 × 10-4 m2 = 10-3 m2
B = 2.5 × 10-2 Wb m-2, k = 1.5 × 10-8 Nm rad-1
θ= 0.2 rad, I = 2 μ A = 2 × 10-6 A
As I = ⋅ α
N BA
k

k
∴ N = ⋅ α
IBA
−8
1.5× 10 ×0.2
= = 60
−6 −2 −3
2× 10 ×2.5× 10 × 10

13. Current sensitivity: It is defined as the deflection of coil per unit current flowing in it.
Current sensitivity = θ

Voltage sensitivity: It is defined on the deflection of coil per unit potential difference across its ends.
current sensitivity
Voltage sensitivity = θ
=
θ
=
V IR Resistance
If current sensitivity increases and the resistance also increases in same order, the voltage sensitivity will remain unchanged.
14. If r is the radius of the coil, then
N × 2πr = L or r =
L

2πN
2
μ0 N I μ0 N I μ0 π N I
Magnetic field produced at the centre of the coil due to current I, B = 2r
=
2(L/2πN )
=
L

As the current flows clockwise throughout coil, the direction of the magnetic field will be out of the plane of the coil.

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 Section C
15. a. Formula and
Calculation of work done in the two cases
i. Work done = mB(cos θ - cos θ ) 1 2

θ1= 60°, θ = 90° and magnetic field B = 0.44 T

2

∴ Work done = mB(cos 60° - cos 90°)

= mB( 1

2
− 0) =
1

2
mB

= 1

2
× 6 × 0 ⋅ 44J = 1 ⋅ 32J

ii. θ = 60°, θ = 180°

1 2

∴ Work done = mB(cos 60° - cos 180°)

= mB( 1

2
− (−1)) =
3

2
mB

= 3

2
× 6 × 0.44J = 3.96J

b. Calculation of torque in case

Torque = |m⃗ × B⃗ | =mB sin θ
For θ = 180°, we have
Torque = 6 × 0.44 sin 180° = 0
16. Here B⃗ = 4.0 × 10 −3 ^
k T ,
⃗ ^ ^ −10 −9
F = (4.0 i + 3.0 j ) × 10 N, q = 10 C

Let ^ ^
v ⃗ = vx i + vy j . Then
⃗ ⃗
F = q(v ⃗ × B)

or (4.0^i + 3.0^j ) × 10 −10

−9 ^ ^ −3 ^
= 10 [(vx i + vy j ) × (4.0 × 10 k)]

−12 ^ ^ ^ ^
= 4 × 10 [ vx i × k + vy j × k]

^ ^
4.0 i +3.0 j
or −2
^ ^
= [− vx j + vy i ]
4×10

or 100^i + 75^j = v ^i − v y x
^
j

∴ by = 100 and vx = -75

Here v ⃗ = v x
^ ^ ^ ^
i + vy j = (−75 i + 100 j )ms
−1

17. i. The force experienced, F ⃗ = q(v ⃗ × B⃗ )

The charge will go undeflected when v ⃗ is parallel or antiparallel to B⃗
∵ F
⃗
=0
[Alternatively, If v makes an angle of 0° or 180° with B⃗ ]
ii. The KE of electron
= eV ,V is equal to 104 V.
2 2 2

KE = e r B

2m
−−−−− −−−−−−−−−−−
1 2mV −31 4

∴ r = √ = [√ 2×9.1× 10 × 10

−19
×
1

0.04
]
e 1.6×10
B

= 8.4 × 10-3 m
Section D
18. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
Galvanometer can sense/measure current. Thomson intended the instrument to read weak signal currents on very long submarine
telegraph cables.
The fundamental problems of transmitting/ receiving a signal through a lengthy submarine cable was that the electrical current
tended to be very low (as little as th of a standard light bulb). So, it was very difficult to detect it. To solve the problem it
1

1,00,000

was thought that larger amount of electric current would be sent through the line. But Thomson had a different approach. He
thought the best response was to devise a device that could read faint signals. The galvanometer, first invented in 1802 , was a
means of detecting electric current. It consisted of a needle that was deflected by the magnetic field created by the electric current.
But the galvanometers of the day couldn't detect the weak signals that came through a long underwater cable. But the improved
version of galvanometer was highly sensitive to detect the lowest current.
The mirror galvanometer consists of a long fine coil of silk-covered copper wire. In the heart of that coil, within a little air-
chamber, a small round mirror is hung by a single fibre of floss silk, with four tiny magnets cemented to its back.

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 The air in the little chamber surrounding the mirror is compressed, so as to act like a cushion, and deaden the movements of the
mirror; the mirror is thus prevented from idly swinging about at each deflections.

(i) (a) Lord Kelvin

Explanation:
Improved mirror galvanometer was developed by William Thomson, later to become Lord Kelvin, in 1858.
(ii) (a) measure the weak current received through lengthy submarine cable
Explanation:
The fundamental problem was that the transmitting/receiving a signal through a lengthy submarine cable was very
low. Instead of increasing the magnitude of the current transmission, Lord Kelvin modified the existing galvanometer
so that it became capable to measure the weakest current.
(iii) (d) magnetic effect of current.
Explanation:
The galvanometer, is a means of detecting electric current. It consists of a needle that is deflected by the interaction of
the magnetic field created by the electric current and the magnetic field produced by the permanent magnet.
(iv) (b) a long fine coil of silk-covered copper wire and a small round mirror hung by a single fibre of floss silk, with four
tiny magnets cemented to its back.
Explanation:
The mirror galvanometer consists of a long fine coil of silk-covered copper wire. In the heart of that coil, within a
little air-chamber, a small round mirror is hung by a single fibre of floss silk, with four tiny magnets cemented to its
back.
OR
(b) The little chamber surrounding the mirror was filled with compressed air.
Explanation:
The air in the little chamber surrounding the mirror is compressed, so as to act like a cushion, and deaden the
movements of the mirror; the mirror is thus prevented from ideal swinging about at each deflections.
19. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:
A galvanometer can be converted into voltmeter of given range by connecting a suitable resistance Rs in series with the
galvanometer, whose value is given by
Rs = V
− G
Ig

where V is the voltage to be measured, Ig is the current for full scale deflection of galvanometer and G is the resistance of
galvanometer.

The series resistor (Rs) increases the range of the voltmeter and the effective resistance of the galvanometer. It also protects the
galvanometer from damage due to large current.
A voltmeter is a high resistance instrument and it is always connected in parallel with the circuit element across which potential
difference is to be measured. An ideal voltmeter has infinite resistance. In order to increase the range of voltmeter n times the
value of resistance to be connected in series with galvanometer is Rs = (n - 1)G.

(i) (c) 9975 Ω

Explanation:

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 galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter of given range by connecting a suitable high resistance R in series of
galvanometers, which is given by
R= V
− G =
Ig
− 25 = 10000 - 25 = 9975 Ω
100

−3
10×10

(ii) (b) 15,000 Ω

Explanation:
An ideal voltmeter should have a very high resistance.
(iii) (b) 990 Ω
Explanation:
Resistance of voltmeter = 25

−3
= 1000 Ω
25×10

∴ X = 1000 - 10 = 990 Ω
(iv) (c) a high resistance R is connected in series with MCG
Explanation:
To convert a moving coil galvanometer into a voltmeter, it is connected with high resistance in series. The voltmeter
is connected in parallel to measure the potential difference. As the resistance is high, the voltmeter itself does not
consume current.
OR
(c) 9500 Ω
Explanation:
galvanometer can be converted into a voltmeter of given range by connecting a suitable high resistance R in series of
galvanometers, which is given by
R= V
− G =
Ig
− 25 = 10000 - 500 = 9500Ω
100

−3
10×10

Section E
nh
20. i. Using the condition mvr = 2π

For H-atom n = 1, v = 2πmr

h

Time period T = 2πr

v
2 2 Q
∴ T= 4π

h
mr
,I= T
=
eh

2 2
4π mr

M = IA
M=( eh

2 2
) (πr )
2

4π mr

eh
M= 4πm

ii. A coil of many circular turns of insulated copper wire wrapped closely in the shape of a cylinder is called a solenoid. The
magnetic field lines for current-carrying solenoid when rod made of copper, aluminium and iron are inserted in solenoid as
shown:

a. Cu = Diamagnetic
b. Al = Paramagnetic
c. Fe = Ferromagnetic
OR
a. Biot Savart law is the law that is used to determine the magnetic field at a point due to a current element.
Let finite conductor XY carrying current I as shown in Figure. Let dl be the infinitesimal element of the conductor. The
magnetic field, dB due to a current element, dl at a point P which is at a distance r, is given by

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 →
→
μo dl × r ⃗
dB = 4π
I
3
r

The magnitude of this field is,

→
∣ ∣ μo Idl sin θ
∣d B ∣ =
4π 2
∣ ∣ r

Now, to calculate the magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop of radius R, consider the figure below:

−−−−−−−
Now here, r = √R + x . Also |dl × r| = r dl 2 2

So, the magnitude of dB due to dl is,

→
∣ ∣ μo Idl
∣d B ∣ =
4π 2 2
∣ ∣ x +R

Now dB has two components. The perpendicular component gets cancelled and only x-component survives. So,
dBx = dB cosθ
cosθ = R

2 1/2
2
(x + R )

μo Idl
Thus, dBx = 4π
R

2 3/2
2
(x + R )

Therefore, field due to the whole circular loop is,

2
μ I μ I μ IR
⃗
|B| = ∫ dBx = o

4π
R

2 3/2
∫ dl = o

4π
R

2 3/2
× 2π R = o

2 3/2
2 2 2
(x + R ) (x + R ) 2( x + R )

At the centre of loop, x = 0, thus

μ0 I
⃗
|B| = 2R

b.

→ μ
|dB| = o

4π
Idl sin θ

2
r
−2 ∘

= 4× 10-8 T
−7 10×(1× 10 )×sin 90

= 4π×10

4π
×
2
(0.5)

And the field is directed perpendicular to the plane and directed into it.
21. i. Consider a rod of uniform cross sectional area A and length l. Let the number density of mobile charge carriers in it be n.
Thus the total number of mobile charge carriers in it is n l A.
→
For steady current I, drift velocity of electrons v , in the presence of external magnetic field B⃗ , the force on these carriers is
d

⃗ → ⃗
F = nlAq (vd × B)

⃗ ⃗
= [jAl] × B

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 ⃗ ⃗
= I (l × B)
→
Where nqv is current density (j)⃗ and |j ⃗ A| is current (I)
d

Fleming’s left hand Rule: If forefinger, middle finger and thumb are stretched in mutually perpendicular directions, such that
forefinger indicates the direction of magnetic field, middle finger indicates the direction of current in the conductor, then
thumb indicates the direction of force on the conductor.

ii.

μo 2I1 I2
F = l
4π d
−7
10 ×2×5×2.5 −2
= × 10 × 10 N
−2
2.5×10

= 10-5 N
22. i. Application of Ampere's law to a long straight cylindrical wire: By symmetry, the magnetic lines of force will be circles,
with their centres on the axis of the cylinder and in planes perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. So we consider Amperean
loop as a circle of radius r.
The field at outside points. The Amperean loop is a circle labelled 2 having radius r > a.
Length of the loop, L = 2π r
Net current enclosed by the loop = I
By Ampere's circuital law,
BL= μ I 0

or B × 2πr = μ I 0

μ I
or B = 2πr
0
...[for r > a]
i.e., B ∝ 1

r
...[For outside points]
Field at inside points. The Amperean loop is a circle labelled 1 with r < a.
Length of the loop, L = 2π r
Clearly, the current enclosed by loop 1 is less than As the current distribution is uniform, the fraction of I enclosed is
2

I' = I

2
× πr
2
=
Ir

2
πa a

Applying Ampere's law,

BL = μ I 0
′

or B × 2πr = μ 0
Ir

2
a
μ0 I
or B = ( 2
)r ...[for r > a]
2πa

i.e., B ∝ r ...[For inside points]

Thus the field B is proportional to r as we move from the axis of the cylinder towards its surface and then it decreases as 1

r
.
The variation of B with distance r from the centre of the wire is shown in given figure

Above diagram is the sketch of the magnitude of the magnetic field for the long conductor of radius a.
ii. Suppose the point P lies at distance above the surface of the wire and point Q lies at distance below the surface as shown
a

2
a

in below figure.

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 Magnetic field at point P at distance r = 3a

2
from the axis of the wire is
μ I μ I μ I
BP = 0

2πr
=
0

3
=
3πa
0

2π( )a
2
a
Magnetic field at point Q at distance r = 2
from the axis of the wire is
μ Ir μ I μ I
BQ = 0

2
=
0

2
(
a

2
)=
0

4πa
2πa 2πa

BP μ0 I 4πa
∴
B
=
3πa
×
μ I
=4:3
Q 0

Clearly, B is maximum on the surface of the wire i.e., at r = a. Hence,

μ I
Bmax = 0

2πa

OR
2
μ IR N
a. Given B = 0

3/2
2 2
2(x + R )

At the centre of the coil, x = 0, so

2
μ0 I R N μ0 IN
B= =
3 2R
2R

This is the standard result for the field at the centre of the coil.
b. As shown in Fig., consider a small region of length 2d about the midpoint O between the two coils.

2
μ IN R
Given B = 0

3/2
2 2
2(R + x )

Therefore, the magnetic field at the point P due to coil 1

2
μ0 I R N
B1 =
3/2
, acting along PO2
R 2
2
2[R + ( +d) ]
2

Magnetic field at the point P due to coil 2

2
μ IR N
B2 =
0

3/2
, acting along PO2
2
2 R
2[R + ( −d) ]
2

Total magnetic field at the point P will be

B = B1 + B2

⎡ ⎤
2
μ IR N
0 1 1
= ⎢ + ⎥
2 ⎢ 3/2 3/2 ⎥
2 R2 2 2 R2 2
⎣ (R + +d +Rd) (R + +d −Rd) ⎦
4 4

⎡ ⎤
2
μ IR N
0 1 1
= ⎢ + ⎥
2 ⎢ 3/2 3/2 ⎥
5R2 5R2
⎣ ( +Rd) ( −Rd) ⎦
4 4

3/2
μ IN
=
0

2R
(
4

5
) [(1 −
6d

5R
) + (1 +
5R
6d
)] [Expanding by binomial theorem and neglecting higher powers of d

2
]
μ0 IN
or B = 0.72 2R

The magnetic field will also be same at the point Q. In fact, it will be uniform over the small region of length 2d around the
midpoint O.

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