‭Chapter 6‬

‭Triangle‬

‭1.‬ ‭Cardboard Pieces Activity‬

‭In a classroom, students were playing with some pieces of cardboard as shown below.‬

‭ ll of a sudden, the teacher entered into classroom. She told students to arrange all the‬
A
‭pieces. On seeing this beautiful image, she observed that AADH is a right-angled triangle,‬
‭which contains‬

(‭ i) Right triangles ABJ and IGH‬

‭(ii) quadrilateral GFJI‬
‭(iii) squares JKLM and LCBK‬
‭iv) rectangles MLEF and LCDE.‬
‭After observation, she asks certain questions to students.‬
‭Help them to answer these questions.‬

(‭ i) If an insect (small ant) walks 24 m from H to F, then walks 6 m to reach M, then walks 4 m‬
‭to reach L and finally crosses K, reaches J. Find the distance between the initial and final‬
‭position of the insect.‬
‭(a) 25 m‬
‭(b) 26 m‬
‭(c) 27 m‬
‭(d) 28 m‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ s JKLM is a square.‬
A
‭ML = JM = 4 m‬
‭So, JF = 6 + 4 = 10 m Required distance between initial and final position‬
‭of insect = HJ‬
‭2‬
‭=‬ (‭𝐻𝐹‬)‭²‬ + (‭𝐽𝐹‬)
‭2‬
‭=‬ (‭24‬)‭²‬ + (‭10‬)
= ‭576‬ + ‭100‬= ‭676‬= ‭26‬‭‬‭𝑚‬

(‭ ii) If m, n, and rare are the sides of the right triangle ABJ, then which of the following can be‬
‭correct?‬
‭(a) m² + n² = r²‬
‭(b) m² + n² + r² = 0‬
‭(c) m² + n² = 2r‬‭2‬
‭(d) none of these‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭By Pythagoras,‬‭𝑛‬‭²‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭𝑚‭²‬ ‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭𝑟‭²‬ ‬

‭(iii) If AABJ ~ AADH, then which similarity criterion is used here?‬

‭(a) AA‬
‭(b) SAS‬
‭(c) AAS‬
‭(d) SSS‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭In ∆ABJ and ∆ADH‬
‭∠B = ∠D = 90°‬
‭∠A = ∠A (common)‬
‭∴ By AA similarity criterion,‬
‭∆ABJ ~ ∆ADH.‬

(‭ iv) If ∠ABJ = 90° and B, J are midpoints of sides AD and AH respectively and BJ || DH, then‬
‭which of the following options is false?‬
‭(a) ∆ABJ-∆ADH‬
‭(b) 2BJ = DH‬
‭(c) AJ² = JB² + AB‬‭2‬
‭𝐴𝐵‬ ‭𝐴𝐽‬
‭(d)‬ ‭𝐵𝐷‬ = ‭ 𝐻‬
𝐴
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since, ∆ABJ ~ ∆ADH [ By AA similarity criterion]‬
‭ 𝐵‬
𝐴 ‭ 𝐽‬
𝐴
‭ ‬‭‬ ‭𝐴𝐷‬‭‬
∴ = ‭𝐴𝐻‬
‭(v) If ΔPQR is a right triangle with QM丄PR, then which of the following is not correct?‬

(‭ a) ΔPMQ ~ ΔPQR‬
‭(b) QR‬‭2‬ ‭= PR².PQ²‬
‭(c) PR² = PQ + QR‬
‭(d) ΔPMQ ~ ΔQMR‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭Since,‬‭𝑃𝑅‬‭²‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭𝑃‬‭𝑄‬ + ‭‬‭𝑄‭𝑅
‬ ‬

‭2.‬ ‭Application of Pythagoras Theorem‬

‭ n aeroplane leaves an airport and flies due north at a speed of 1200 km/hr. At the same‬
A
‭time, another aeroplane leaves the same station and flies due west at the speed of 1500‬
‭1‬
‭km/hr as shown below. After 1‬‭2‬ ‭hr both the aeroplanes‬‭reach points P and Q respectively.‬

‭Based on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭1‬
‭(i) Distance traveled by aeroplane towards north after 1‬‭2‬ ‭hr is.‬
(‭ a) 1800 km‬
‭(b) 1500 km‬
‭(c) 1400 km‬
‭(d) 1350 km‬
‭ nswer:(a)‬
A

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Speed of aeroplane 1200 km/hr‬
 ‭1‬ ‭3‬
‭𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒‬ = ‭1‬ ‭2‬ ‭‬‭ℎ𝑟‬ = ‭ ‬‭‬
2
‭ℎ𝑟‬
‭Required distance = Speed x Time‬
‭‬
3
‭𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒‬‭‬ = ‭‭1
‬ 200‬ × ‭2‬
= ‭1800‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑚‬

‭1‬
‭(ii) Distance traveled by aeroplane towards the west after 1‬‭2‬ ‭hr is.‬
(‭ a) 1600 km‬
‭(b) 1800 km‬
‭(c) 2250 km‬
‭(d) 2400 km‬
‭ nswer:(c)‬
A

‭Solution:‬

‭Speed = 1500 km/hr‬

‭1‬ ‭3‬
‭𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒‬ = ‭1‬ ‭2‬ ‭‬‭ℎ𝑟‬ = ‭ ‬‭‬
2
‭ℎ𝑟‬
‭‬
3
‭𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑‬‭‬‭𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒‬‭‬ = ‭‭1
‬ 500‬ × ‭2‬
= ‭2250‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑚‬

‭(iii) In the given figure, ∠POQ is‬

‭(a) 70°‬
‭(b) 90°‬
‭(c) 80°‬
‭(d) 100°‬

‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭ learly, directions are always perpendicular to each other.‬

C
‭∴‬‭‬‭∠‬‭𝑃𝑂𝑄‬‭‬ = ‭‭9
‬ 0°‬

‭1‬
‭(iv) Distance between aeroplanes after 1‬‭2‬ ‭hr‬‭is.‬
‭(a) 450‬ ‭41‬ ‭km‬
‭(b) 350‬ ‭31‬ ‭km‬
‭(c) 125‬ ‭12‬ ‭km‬
(‭ d) 472‬ ‭41‬‭‬‭km‬
‭ nswer:(a)‬
A

‭Solution:‬
‭1‬
‭Distance between aeroplanes after 1‬‭2‬ ‭hr‬
‭2‬
= ‭‬ (‭1800‬)‭²‬ + (‭2250‬)
= ‭‬ ‭3240000‬ + ‭5062500‬
‭=‬ ‭8302500‬
= ‭450‬ ‭41‬‭‬‭𝑘𝑚‬

‭(v) Area of △POQ is‬

‭(a) 185000 km²‬
‭(b) 179000 km²‬
‭(c) 186000 km²‬
‭(d) 2025000 km²‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭‬
1
‭𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭Δ‬‭𝑃𝑂𝑄‬ = ‭2‬
× ‭𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒‬‭‬‭×‭‬‬‭ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡‬
‭1‬
‭𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭Δ‬‭𝑃𝑂𝑄‬ = ‭2‬
× ‭2250×1800‬‭‬
‭𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭Δ‬‭𝑃𝑂𝑄‬ = ‭2250‬‭‬ × ‭‬‭900‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭2025000‬‭‭𝑘
‬ 𝑚‬‭²‬

‭3.‬ ‭Measurement of Height‬

‭ ohit's father is a mathematician. One day he gave Rohit an activity to measure the height‬
R
‭of a building. Rohit accepted the challenge and placed a mirror on ground level to determine‬
‭the height of the building. He is standing at a certain distance so that he can see the top of‬
‭the building reflected in a mirror. Rohit eye level is at 1.8 m above ground. The distance of‬
‭Rohit from the mirror and that of the building from the mirror are 1.5 m and 2.5 m‬
‭respectively.‬

‭ ased on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

B
‭(i) Two similar triangles formed in the above figure is‬
‭(a) △ABM and △CMD‬
‭(b) △AMB and △CDM‬
‭(c) △ABM and △CDM‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since,∠B = ∠D=90°, ∠AMB = ∠CMD‬

‭(∵ Angle of incident = Angle of reflection)‬

‭∴‬‭‬‭𝐵𝑦‬‭‬‭𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑦‬‭‬‭𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑛‬, ‭‬‭ΔΑ‬‭𝐵𝑀‬‭‬‭~‬‭‭Δ
‬ ‬‭𝐶𝐷𝑀‬

‭(ii) Which criterion of similarity is applied here?‬

‭(a) AA similarity criterion‬
 (‭ b) SSS similarity criterion‬
‭(c) SAS similarity criterion‬
‭(d) ASA similarity criterion‬
‭ nswer:(a)‬
A

‭(iii) The height of the building is‬

‭(a) 1 m‬
‭(b) 2 m‬
‭(c) 3 m‬
‭(d) 4 m‬

‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭∆А‬‭𝐵𝑀‬‭‬‭~‭‬‬‭∆‬‭𝐶𝐷𝑀‬
‭𝐴𝐵‬ ‭𝐵𝑀‬
‭ 𝐷‬‭‬
𝐶
= ‭𝐷𝑀‬
‭𝐴𝐵‬ ‭2‬.‭5‬
‭⇒‬‭1‬.‭8‭‬‬ = ‭1‬.‭5‬
‭2‬.‭5×1‬.‭8‬
‭⇒‬‭𝐴𝐵‬ = ‭1‬.‭5‬ = ‭3‬‭‭𝑚
‬ ‬

‭(iv) In △ABM, if ∠BAM = 30°, then MCD is equal to‬

‭(a) 40°‬
‭(b) 30°‬
‭(c) 65°‬
‭(d) 90°‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since,‬‭∆АВМ‬‭‬‭~‭‬‬‭∆‭𝐶‬ 𝐷𝑀‬
‭∠‬‭𝐴‬ = ‭∠‭𝐶
‬ ‬ = ‭30°‬ ‭[ ∵Corresponding angles of similar‬‭triangles are also equal]‬

(‭ v) If △ABM and △ACDM are similar where CD = 6 cm, MD = 8 cm and BM = 24 cm, then‬
‭AB is equal to‬
‭(a) 16 cm‬
‭(b) 18 cm‬
‭(c) 12 cm‬
‭(d) 14 cm‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒‬, ‭‭∆
‬ АВМ‬‭‬‭~‭‬‬‭∆‬‭𝐶𝐷𝑀‬
‭𝐴𝐵‬ ‭𝐵𝑀‬
‭∴‬‭‬ ‭𝐶𝐷‬‭‬ = ‭ 𝐷‬
𝑀
‭𝐴𝐵‬ ‭24‬
‭⇒‬ ‭6‬‭‬ = ‭8‬
‭𝐴𝐵‬ = ‭18‬‭‬‭𝑐𝑚‬
 ‭ hapter 7‬
C
‭Coordinate Geometry‬

‭1.‬‭Analysing Distance‬
‭ lia and Shagun are friends living on the same street in Patel Nagar. Shagun's house is at‬
A
‭the intersection of one street with another street on which there is a library. They both study‬
‭in the same school and that is not far from Shagun's house.‬
‭Suppose the school is situated at point O, i.e., the origin, Alia's house is at A.‬
‭Shagun's house is at B and the library is at C.‬

‭Based on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) How far is Alia's house from Shagun's house?‬

‭(a) 3 units‬
‭(b) 4 units‬
‭(c) 5 units‬
‭(d) 2 units‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since the coordinates of A and B are (2, 3) and (2, 1) respectively.‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭∴ Required distance = AB =‬ (‭2‬ − ‭2)‬ + (‭1‬ − ‭3)‬ = (− ‭2)‬ = ‭2‭‬‭𝑢
‬ 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠‬

‭(ii) How far is the library from Shagun's house?‬

‭(a) 3 units‬
‭(b) 2 units‬
‭(c) 5 units‬
‭(d) 4 units‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since, library is situated at C(4, 1)‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭∴ Required distance = BC =‬ (‭4‬ − ‭2)‬ + (‭1‬ − ‭1)‬ = ‭2‬ = ‭2‭‬‬‭𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡‬

‭(iii) How far is the library from Alia's house?‬

‭(a) 2 units‬
‭(b) 3 units‬
‭(c) 4 units‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭: Required distance = AC‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭2‬
= (‭4‬ − ‭2)‬ + (‭1‬ − ‭3)‬ = ‭2‬ + (− ‭2)‬ = ‭4‬ + ‭4‬
= ‭8‬= ‭2‬ ‭2‭‬‬‭𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠‬

‭(iv) Which of the following is true?‬

‭(a) ∆ABC forms a scalene triangle‬
‭(b) ∆ABC forms an isosceles triangle‬
‭(c) ∆ABC forms an equilateral triangle‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since AB = BC‬≠ ‭AC, therefore ∆ABC is an isosceles‬‭triangle.‬

‭(v) How far is the school from Alia's house than Shagun's house?‬
‭(a) √13 units‬
‭(b) √5 units‬
‭(c) (√13+√5) units‬
‭(d) (√13-√5) units‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭Distance between O and A =‬ ‭2‬ + ‭3‬ = ‭4‬ + ‭9‬= ‭13‬‭‭𝑢
‬ 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠‬

‭2.‬ ‭Satellite View‬

‭ satellite image of a colony is shown below. In this view, a particular house is pointed out by‬
A
‭a flag, which is situated at the point of intersection of x and y-axes. If we go 2 cm east and 3‬
‭cm north from the house, then we reach to a Grocery store. If we go 4 cm west and 6 cm‬
‭south from the house, then we reach to a Electrician's shop. If we go 6 cm east and 8 cm‬
‭south from the house, then we reach to a food cart. If we go 6 cm west and 8 cm north from‬
‭the house, then we reach a bus stand.‬

‭ ased on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

B
‭(i) The distance between the grocery store and the food cart is‬
‭(a) 12 cm‬
 (‭ b) 15 cm‬
‭(c) 18 cm‬
‭(d) none of these‬
‭ nswer:(d)‬
A

‭Solution:‬

‭ onsider the house is at origin (0, 0), then coordinates of grocery store, electrician's shop,‬
C
‭food cart and bus stand are respectively (2, 3), (-4, -6),‬
‭(6,8) and (-6, 8)‬
‭Since, grocery store is at (2, 3) and food cart is at (6, -8)‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭∴ Required distance =‬ (‭6‬ − ‭2)‬ + (− ‭8‬ − ‭3)‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
= ‭4‬ + (− ‭11‬) = ‭16‬ + ‭121‬= ‭137‬‭‭𝑐‬ 𝑚‬

‭(ii) The distance of the bus stand from the house is‬
‭(a) 5 cm‬
‭(b) 10 cm‬
‭(c) 12 cm‬
‭(d) 15 cm‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭Required distance‬= (− ‭6)‬ + ‭8‬ = ‭36‬ + ‭64‬= ‭100‬= ‭10‬‭𝑐𝑚‬

(‭ iii) If the grocery store and electrician's shop lie on a line, the ratio of the distance of the‬
‭house from the grocery store to that from the electrician's shop, is‬
‭(a) 3:2‬
‭(b) 2:3‬
‭(c) 1:2‬
‭(d) 2:1‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Let O divides EG in the ratio k: 1, then‬

‭2‬‭𝑘−
‬ ‭4‬
‭0‬ = ‭𝑘‬+‭1‬
‭ ‬‭𝑘‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭4‬
2
‭𝑘‬ = ‭2‬
‭Thus, O divides EG in the ratio 2: 1‬
‭Hence, required ratio = OG : OE‬
‭i.e., 1:2‬

‭(iv) The ratio of distances of a house from the bus stand to the food cart is‬
 (‭ a) 1:2‬
‭(b) 2:1‬
‭(c) 1:1‬
‭(d) none of these‬
‭ nswer:(c)‬
A

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since, (0, 0) is the mid-point of (-6, 8) and (6, -8), therefore both bus stand and food cart are‬
‭at equal distances from the house.‬
‭Hence, required ratio is 1: 1.‬

(‭ v) The coordinates of positions of the bus stand, grocery store, food cart, and electrician's‬
‭shop form a‬
‭(a) rectangle‬
‭(b) parallelogram‬
‭(c) square‬
‭(d) none of these‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Mid-point of grocery store and electrician's‬
( ‭2‬−‭4‬
‭2‬
‭3‬−‭6‬
, ‭‬ ‭2‬ )‭,‬‭𝑖‬. ‭𝑒.‬ (− ‭1,‬ )
−‭3‬
‭2‬
‭ hus, the diagonals does not bisect each other (∴Mid-point are not same)‬
T
‭Hence, they form a quadrilateral.‬

‭3.‬ ‭Republic Day Parade Programme‬

I‭n order to facilitate the smooth passage of the parade, movement of traffic on certain roads‬
‭leading to the route of the Parade and Tableaux was always restricted. To avoid traffic on the‬
‭road Delhi Police decided to construct a rectangular route plan, as shown in the figure.‬
‭Based on the above information, answer the following questions.‬
‭(i) If Q is the midpoint of BC, then the coordinates of Q are‬
‭(a) (2, 4)‬
‭(b) (2, -4)‬
‭(c) (1,-1)‬
‭(d) (-1, 1)‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Q(x, y) is mid-point of‬‭𝐵‬(− ‭2,‬ ‭‭4
‬ )‬ ‭‭a
‬ nd‬‭𝐶‬(‭6,‬ ‭‬‭4)‬
‭∴‬‭(‬ ‭𝑥‬, ‭𝑦‬) = (
−‭2‬+‭6‬
‭2‬
‭4‬+‭4‬
, ‭‬ ‭2‬ ) = ( ‭‬
4
‭2‬
‭8‬
, ‭‬ ‭2‬ ) = (‭2‬, ‭‬‭4)‬
‭(ii) Quadrilateral PQRS is a‬
‭(a) Trapezium‬
‭(b) Square‬
‭(c) Rectangle‬
‭(d) Rhombus‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since P, Q, R and S are mid-points of sides AB, BC, CD and AD respectively.‬
‭∴ PQRS is a rhombus.‬
‭[∴ The quadrilateral formed by joining the midpoints of a rectangle is a rhombus]‬

‭(iii) What is the length of sides of quadrilateral PQRS?‬

‭(a) 5 units each‬
‭(b) 3, 4, 5, 6 units‬
‭(c) 4, 5, 6, 7 units‬
‭(d) 8 units each‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭Since PQRS is a rhombus, therefore, PQ = QR = RS = PS.‬

‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭PQ=‬ (− ‭2‬ − ‭2)‬ + (‭1‬ − ‭4)‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
= (− ‭4)‬ + (− ‭3‬)
= ‭16‬ + ‭9‬= ‭25‬= ‭5‭‬‬‭𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠‬

‭Thus, length of each side of PQRS is 5 units.‬

‭(iv) What is the length of route PQRS?‬

‭(a) 20 units‬
‭(b) 25 units‬
‭(c) 35 units‬
‭(d) 45 units‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Length of route PQRS =‬‭‬‭4‬ × ‭𝑃𝑄‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭4‭‬‬ × ‭‬‭5‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭20‬‭‬‭𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠‬

‭(v) What is the length of route ABCD?‬

‭(a) 26 units‬
‭(b) 27 units‬
‭(c) 28 units‬
‭(d) 29 units‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Length of CD‬= ‭‬‭4‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭2‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭6‭‬‬
‭units and length of AD‬= ‭6‬ + ‭2‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭8‭‬‭𝑢 ‬ 𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠‬
‭∴‬‭‬‭𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ‬‭‬‭𝑜𝑓‬‭‬‭𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑒‬‭‭𝐴
‬ 𝐵𝐶𝐷‬‭‬ = ‭‭2
‬ ‬(‭6‭‬‬ + ‭‬‭8)‬ ‭‬ = ‭‭2
‬ 8‬‭‬‭𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠‬
 ‭ hapter 8‬
C
‭Introduction to Trigonometry‬

‭1.‬ ‭Hide and Seek‬

‭ hree friends - Anshu, Vijay, and Vishal are playing hide and seek in a park. Anshu and Vijay‬
T
‭hide in the shrubs and Vishal has to find both of them. If the positions of three friends are at‬
‭A, B, and C respectively as shown in the figure, and form a right-angled triangle such that‬
‭AB = 9 m, BC = 3√3 m, and ∠B = 90°, then answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) The measure of ∠A is‬

‭(a) 30°‬
‭(b) 45°‬
‭(c) 60°‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭We have, AB = 9 m, BC = 3‬‭√3‬ ‭m‬
‭In ∆ABC, we have‬
‭𝐵𝐶‬‭‬ ‭3√3‬ ‭1‬
‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭‬‭𝐴‭‬‬ = ‭ 𝐵‬‭‬
𝐴
= ‭9‬
= ‭√3‬
𝑡‭ 𝑎𝑛‬‭‬‭𝐴‭‬‬ = ‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭30°‬‭‬
‭∠‬‭𝐴‬ = ‭30°‬‭‬

‭(ii) The measure of ∠C is‬

‭(a) 30°‬
‭(b) 45°‬
‭(c) 60°‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭𝐴𝐵‬ ‭9‬ ‭3‬ ‭3‬× ‭3‬
‭𝑆𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦‬, ‭‬‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭‬‭𝐶‬‭‬ = ‭ 𝐶‬‭‬
𝐵
= = = = ‭3‬
‭3‬ ‭3‬ ‭3‬ ‭3×
‬ ‭3‬
𝑡‭ 𝑎𝑛𝐶‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭60°‬
‭⇒∠‬‭𝐶‬ = ‭60°‬

‭(iii) The length of AC is‬

 (‭ a) 2√3 m‬
‭(b) √3 m‬
‭(c) 4√3 m‬
‭(d) 6√3 m‬

‭Answer:(d)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭ 𝐶‬
𝐵
‭‬‭𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒‬, ‭‬‭𝑠𝑖𝑛‬‭‭𝐴
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭𝐴𝐶‬
‭‬
‭ 𝐶‬
𝐵
‭𝑠𝑖𝑛‬‭‬‭30°‬‭‬ = ‭𝐴𝐶‬
‭‬
1 ‭3√3‬
‭2‬
= ‭𝐴𝐶‬

‭⇒‬‭𝐴𝐶‬ = ‭6‬ ‭3‭‬‬‭𝑚‬

‭(iv) cos2A =‬
‭(a) 0‬
‭1‬
‭(b)‬ ‭2‬
‭1‬
‭(c)‬
‭2‬
‭3‬
‭(d)‬ ‭2‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬

‭∵‬‭‬‭∠‬‭𝐴‬‭‬ = ‭‭3
‬ 0°‬ ‭[From (1)]‬
‭‬
1
‭𝑐𝑜𝑠‬‭‭2
‬ ‭𝐴
‬ ‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑐𝑜𝑠‬(‭2‭‬‬‭×‬‭‬‭30°‬)‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝑐𝑜𝑠‬‭‭6
‬ 0°‬‭‬ = ‭2‬

‭𝐶‬
‭(v) sin(‬‭2‬ ‭)=‬
‭(a) 0‬
‭1‬
‭(b)‬ ‭2‬
‭1‬
‭(c)‬
‭2‬
‭3‬
‭(d)‬ ‭2‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭‬‭∠‬‭𝐶‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭60°‬
‭𝑠𝑖𝑛‬ ( ) = ‭𝑠𝑖𝑛‬( )
‭‬
𝐶
‭2‬
‭60°‬
‭2‬
‭1‬
= ‭‬‭𝑠𝑖𝑛‬‭‭3
‬ 0°‬ = ‭2‬
 ‭2.‬ ‭Bird House‬
‭ nita, a student in class 10th, has to do a project on 'Introduction to Trigonometry. She‬
A
‭decides to make a birdhouse that is triangular. She uses cardboard to make the birdhouse‬
‭as shown in the figure. Considering the front side of the house as a right-angled triangle‬
‭PQR, right-angled at R, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) If ∠PQR = θ, then cosθ =‬

‭12‬
‭(a)‬ ‭5‬
‭5‬
‭(b)‬ ‭12‬
‭12‬
‭(c)‬ ‭13‬
‭13‬
‭(d)‬ ‭12‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭ΔPQR is a right angled triangle.‬
‭PR‬‭2‬ ‭+ RQ² = PQ²‬
‭PR‬‭2‬ ‭= (13)² - (12)² = 25‬
‭PR = 5 cm‬
‭ 𝑅‬
𝑄 ‭ 2‬
1
‭‬‭𝑐𝑜𝑠‬‭θ‬‭‬ = ‭𝑃𝑄‬
= ‭13‬

‭(ii) The value of secθ =‬

‭5‬
‭(a)‬ ‭ 2‬
1
‭12‬
‭(b)‬ ‭5‬
‭13‬
‭(c)‬ ‭12‬
‭12‬
‭(d)‬ ‭13‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭1‬ ‭ 3‬
1
‭‬‭𝑠𝑒𝑐‬‭θ‬ = ‭𝑐𝑜𝑠‬‭θ‬‭‬
= ‭12‬

‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭‬‭θ‬
‭(iii) The value of‬ ‭‭1‬ ‬‭‬+‭‭𝑡‬ 𝑎𝑛‬‭²‬‭‭θ‬ ‬ ‭=‬
‭5‬
‭(a)‬ ‭ 2‬
1
‭12‬
‭(b)‬ ‭5‬
 ‭60‬
‭(c)‬ ‭ 69‬
1
‭169‬
‭(d)‬ ‭60‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭𝑃𝑅‬ ‭5‬
‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭θ‭‬‬ = ‭ 𝑄‬
𝑅
= ‭12‬
‭5‬ ‭5‬
‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭θ‬‭‬ ‭12‬ ‭ 2‬
1 ‭60‬
‭2‬ = ‭25‬ = ‭169‬ = ‭169‬
‭1‬+‭𝑡𝑎‬‭𝑛‬ ‭θ‭‬‬ ‭1‬+ ‭144‬ ‭144‬

‭(iv) The value of cote cosec²‬‭θ‬ ‭=‬

‭(a) -1‬
‭(b) 0‬
‭(c) 1‬
‭(d) 2‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭1‬ ‭12‬
‭𝑐𝑜𝑡‬‭θ‬ = ‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭θ‬
= ‭5‬ [‭𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔‬‭‬(‭1)‬ ]
‭𝑃𝑄‬‭‬ ‭13‬
‭𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐‬‭θ‬ = ‭𝑃𝑅‬ = ‭5‬ ‭‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬ ‭144‬‭‬ ‭169‬
‭𝑐𝑜‬‭𝑡‬ ‭θ‭‬‬ − ‭‬‭𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒‬‭𝑐‬ ‭θ‬ = ‭25‬ − ‭25‬ =− ‭1‭‬‬

‭(v) The value of sin‬‭2‭θ

‬
‬ ‭+ cos‬‭2‭θ
‬
‬ ‭=‬
‭(a) 0‬
‭(b) 1‬
‭(c) -1‬
‭(d) 2‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭2‬ ‭2‬
‭𝑠𝑖‬‭𝑛‬ ‭θ‬‭‬ + ‭‭𝑐‬ 𝑜‬‭𝑠‬ ‭θ‭‬‬ = ‭‬‭1‭‬‬‭‬‭‬‭‬‭‭‬‬‭‬‭‬‭‭‬‬‭‬‭‭‬‬‭‬‭‬‭‬(‭𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔‬‭‬‭𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦‬)
 ‭ hapter 9‬
C
‭Application of Trigonometry‬

‭1.‬ ‭Visit to Temple‬

‭ here are two temples on each bank of a river. One temple is 50 m high. A man, who is‬
T
‭standing on the top of a 50 m high temple, observed from the top that the angle of‬
‭depression of the top and foot of the other temple are 30° and 60° respectively. (Take √3 =‬
‭1.73)‬

‭ ased on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

B
‭(i) The measure of ∠ADF is equal to‬
‭(a) 45°‬
‭(b) 60°‬
‭(c) 30°‬
‭(d) 90°‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒‬, ‭‭𝐴
‬ 𝐸‬‭‭|‬ |‬‭‬‭𝐹𝐷‬
‭∠‬‭𝐸𝐴𝐷‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭∠‭𝐴 ‬ 𝐷𝐹‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭30°‬ ‭[Alternate‬‭interior angles]‬

‭(ii) The measure of ∠ACB is equal to‬

‭(a) 45°‬
‭(b) 60°‬
‭(c) 30°‬
‭(d) 90°‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭ 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒‬, ‭‭𝐴
𝑆 ‬ 𝐸‬‭‭|‬ |‬‭‬‭𝐵𝐶‬‭‬
‭𝐸𝐴𝐶‬‭‬ = ‭‭∠‬ ‭𝐴 ‬ 𝐶𝐵‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭60°‬ ‭[Alternate interior angles]‬

‭(iii) Width of the river is‬

‭(a) 28.90 m‬
‭(b) 26.75 m‬
‭(c) 25 m‬
‭(d) 27 m‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝐼𝑛‬‭‭∆
‬ АВС‬,
‭ 𝐵‬
𝐴
‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭60°‬ = ‭𝐵𝐶‬
‭50‬
‭⇒‬ ‭3‬= ‭ 𝐶‬
𝐵
‭50‬
‭𝐵𝐶‬ = ‭√3‬
== ‭‬‭28‬. ‭90‬‭‬‭𝑚‬

‭(iv) The height of the other temple is‬

‭(a) 32.5 m‬
‭(b) 35 m‬
‭(c) 33.33 m‬
‭(d) 40 m‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭Solution:‬
‭𝐴𝐹‬
‭𝐼𝑛‬‭‭∆
‬ ‬‭𝐴𝐷𝐹‬, ‭‬‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭‬‭30°‬‭‬ = ‭ 𝐷‬
𝐹
‭1‬ ‭𝐴𝐵‬−‭𝐵𝐹‬
‭⇒‬ = ‭𝐹𝐷‬
‭‬
3
‭1‬ ‭50‬−‭𝐶𝐷‬ ‭50‬
‭⇒‬ = ⎡‭∵‬‭𝐹𝐷‬ = ‭𝐵𝐶‬ = ⎤
‭3‬
‭50‬
‭3‬
⎣ ‭ 3‬ ⎦
√

‭50‬
‭ ‬ ‭3‬
⇒ = ‭50‬ − ‭𝐶𝐷‬
‭50‬ ‭150‬−‭50‬ ‭100‬
‭⇒‬‭𝐶𝐷‬ = ‭50‬ − ‭3‬
= ‭3‬
= ‭3‬
= ‭33‬. ‭33‬‭‭𝑚
‬ ‬

‭(v) Angle of depression is always‬

‭(a) reflex angle‬
‭(b) straight‬
‭(c) an obtuse angle‬
‭(d) an acute angle‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭2.‬ ‭Observation of a Balloon‬

‭ here are two windows in the house. The first window is at a height of 2 m above the ground‬
T
‭and the other window is 4 m vertically above the lower window. Ankit and Radha are sitting‬
‭inside the two windows at points G and F respectively. At an instant, the angles of elevation‬
‭of a balloon from these windows are observed to be 60° and 30° as shown below...‬
‭Based on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) Who is closer to the balloon?‬

‭(a) Ankit‬
‭(b) Radha‬
(‭ c) Both are at an equal distance‬‭8‬ ‭2‭𝑚
‬ ‬
‭(d) Can't be determined‬
‭ nswer:(b)‬
A

‭ olution:‬
S
‭The person who makes small angle of elevation is more closer to the balloon.‬
‭∴ Radha is more closer to the balloon.‬

‭(ii) The value of DF is equal to‬

‭ℎ‬
‭(a)‬ ‭m‬
‭3‬

‭(b)‬‭ℎ‬ ‭3‬ ‭m‬

‭ℎ‬
‭(c)‬ ‭2‬
(‭ d)‬‭2‬‭ℎ‬ ‭m‬
‭ nswer:(b)‬
A

‭Solution:‬
‭ 𝐷‬
𝐸
‭𝐼𝑛‬‭‭∆
‬ ‬‭𝐸𝐹𝐷‬, ‭‬‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭30°‬‭‬ = ‭𝐷𝐹‬
‭1‬ ‭ℎ‬
‭⇒‬ = ‭𝐷𝐹‬
‭3‬

‭⇒‬‭𝐷𝐹‬ = ‭ℎ‬ ‭3‭‬‬‭𝑚‬

‭(iii) The value of h is‬

‭(a) 2‬
‭(b) 3‬
‭(c) 4‬
‭(d) 5‬
‭Answer:(b)‬
‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝐼𝑛‬‭‭∆
‬ ‬‭𝐺𝐶𝐸‬,
‭ 𝐶‬‭‬
𝐸 ‭ℎ+
‬ ‭4‬
‭𝑡𝑎𝑛‬‭‬‭60°‬‭‬ = ‭𝐺𝐶‬
= ‭𝐷𝐹‬
‭ℎ‬+‭4‬
‭3‬=
‭3‬‭ℎ‬
‭ ‬‭ℎ‬ = ‭ℎ‬ + ‭4‬
3
‭ℎ‬ = ‭2‬
‭(iv) The height of the balloon from the ground is‬
‭(a) 4 m‬
‭(b) 6 m‬
‭(c) 8 m‬
‭(d) 10 m‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Height of the balloon from the ground‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝐵𝐸‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝐵𝐶‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭𝐶𝐷‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭𝐷𝐸‬ = ‭2‬ + ‭4‬ + ‭2‬ = ‭8‭‬‭𝑚
‬ ‬

‭(v) If the balloon is moving toward the building, then both angles of elevation will‬
‭(a) remain same‬
‭(b) increases‬
‭(c) decreases‬
‭(d) can't be determined‬
‭Answer:(b)‬
 ‭Chapter 10‬
‭Circle‬

‭1.‬ ‭Park with Fountain‬

I‭n a park, four poles are standing at positions A, B, C, and D around the fountain such that‬
‭the cloth joining the poles AB, BC, CD, and DA touches the fountain at P, Q, R, and S‬
‭respectively as shown in the figure.‬

‭Based on the above information, answer the following questions.‬

‭(i) If O is the center of the circular fountain, then ∠OSA =‬

‭(a) 60°‬
‭(b) 90°‬
‭(c) 45°‬
‭(d) None of these‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Here, OS the is radius of circle.‬
‭Since radius at the point of contact is perpendicular to tangent.‬
‭𝑆𝑜‬, ‭‬‭∠‬‭𝑂𝑆𝐴‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭90°‬

‭(ii) Which of the following is correct?‬

‭(a) AS = AP‬
‭(b) BP = BQ‬
‭(c) CQ = CR‬
‭(d) All of these‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭Since, length of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.‬
‭𝐴𝑆‬ = ‭𝐴𝑃‬, ‭‬‭𝐵𝑃‬ = ‭𝐵𝑄‬‭‬
‭𝐶𝑄‬‭‬ = ‭‭𝐶 ‬ 𝑅‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝐷𝑆‬‭‬ ‭…………...(1)‬
‬ 𝑅‬‭‬‭𝑎𝑛𝑑‬‭‭𝐷

‭(iii) If DR = 7 cm and AD = 11 cm, then AP =‬

‭(a) 4 cm‬
‭(b) 18 cm‬
‭(c) 7 cm‬
‭(d) 11 cm‬
‭Answer:(a)‬
‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝐴𝑃‬‭‬ = ‭‭𝐴
‬ 𝑆‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝐴𝐷‬ − ‭𝐷𝑆‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝐴𝐷‬ − ‭𝐷𝑅‬‭‬(‭𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔‬‭(‬ ‭1)‬ )
= ‭11‬ − ‭7‬ = ‭4‭‬‬‭𝑐𝑚‬

‭(iv) If O is the center of the fountain, with ∠QCR = 60°, then ∠QOR =‬
‭(a) 60°‬
‭(b) 120°‬
‭(c) 90°‬
‭(d) 30°‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭In quadrilateral OQCR,‬
‭∠‬‭𝑄𝐶𝑅‬‭‬ = ‭‭6 ‬ 0°‬‭‬(‭𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛‬)
‭𝐴𝑛𝑑‬‭‬‭∠‭𝑂‬ 𝑄𝐶‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭∠‭𝑂‬ 𝑅𝐶‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭90°‬
‭[Since, radius at the point of contact is perpendicular to tangent.]‬
‭∴‬‭‬‭𝑄𝑂𝑅‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭360°‬‭‬ − ‭‭9
‬ 0°‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭90°‬‭‬ − ‭‬‭60°‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭120°‬

‭(v) Which of the following is correct?‬

‭(a) AB+BC = CD + DA‬
‭(b) AB+ AD = BC + CD‬
‭(c) AB+ CD = AD + BC‬
‭(d) All of these‬
‭Answer:(c)‬

‭ olution:‬
S
‭𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚‬‭‬(‭1)‬ , ‭‬‭𝑤𝑒‬‭‬‭ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒‬‭‭𝐴
‬ 𝑆‬‭‬ = ‭‭𝐴
‬ 𝑃‬, ‭‬‭𝐷𝑆‬ = ‭𝐷𝑅‬,
‭𝐵𝑄‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝐵𝑃‬‭‭𝑎‬ 𝑛𝑑‬‭‬‭𝐶𝑄‬‭‬ = ‭‬‭𝐶𝑅‬
‭Adding all above equations, we get‬
‭𝐴𝑆‬ + ‭𝐷𝑆‬ + ‭𝐵𝑄‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭𝐶𝑄‬‭‬ = ‭‭𝐴 ‬ 𝑃‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭𝐷𝑅‬‭‬ + ‭‭𝐵
‬ 𝑃‬‭‬ + ‭‭𝐶
‬ 𝑅‬
‭𝐴𝐷‬ + ‭𝐵𝐶‬‭‬ = ‭‭𝐴‬ 𝐵‬‭‬ + ‭‬‭𝐶𝐷‬

‭ .‬
2
‭Smita always finds it confusing with the concepts of tangent and secant of a circle. But this‬
‭time she has determined herself to get concepts easier. So, she started listing down the‬
‭differences between tangent and secant of a circle along with their relation. Here, some‬
‭points in question form are listed by Smita in her notes. Try answering them to clear your‬
‭concepts also.‬

‭(i) A line that intersects a circle exactly at two points is called‬

‭(a) Secant‬
‭(b) Tangent‬
‭(c) Chord‬
‭(d) Both (a) and (b)‬
‭Answer:(a)‬
‭(ii) The number of tangents that can be drawn on a circle is‬
‭(a) 1‬
‭(b) 0‬
‭(c) 2‬
‭(d) Infinite‬
‭Answer:(d)‬

‭(iii) The number of tangents that can be drawn to a circle from a point not on it, is‬
‭(a) 1‬
‭(b) 2‬
‭(c) 0‬
‭(d) Infinite‬
‭Answer:(b)‬

‭(iv) Number of secants that can be drawn to a circle from a point on it is‬
‭(a) infinite‬
‭(b) 1‬
‭(c) 2‬
‭(d) 0‬
‭Answer:(a)‬

‭(v) A line that touches a circle at only one point is called‬

‭(a) Secant‬
‭(b) Chord‬
‭(c) Tangent‬
‭(d) Diameter‬
‭Answer:(c)‬