SET A

1. What is the primary purpose of language in the context of communication?

A. Analyzing mathematical concepts
B. Exploring cultural heritage
C. Serving as a means of communication
D. Studying visual aesthetics

2. As a means of communication, what distinguishes the focus of linguistics from the focus of language?
A. Linguistics studies language in historical context, while language as a means of communication emphasizes
speech sounds.
B. Linguistics delves into visual communication, while language as a means of communication emphasizes
studying language form.
C. Linguistics examines language's scientific aspects, while language as a means of communication centers on
social context and interaction.
D. Linguistics explores mathematical structures within language, while language as a means of communication
involves analyzing grammatical structures.

3. Which subfield of linguistics deals with how the meaning of an utterance may be influenced by the speaker or
hearer within the context?
A. Morphology
B. Pragmatics
C. Phonetics
D. Semantics

4. Ms. C is teaching her class the correct pronunciation of words. What element of language is being taught?

A. Pragmatics
B. Semantics
C. Syntax
D. Phonetics

5. What branch of linguistics focuses on the classification and production of the world's speech sounds?
A. Phones
B. Phonetics
C. Phonemes
D. Phonology

6. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of "displacement" as a characteristic of language?
A. A child learns to speak by mimicking the sounds made by their parents.
B. A person describes an event that happened in the past using complex sentences.
C. A parrot repeats the same phrase without understanding its meaning.
D. A poet uses metaphors to convey emotions in their writing.

7. Which of the following produces a voiceless sound?

A. Sound of the English letter “d”
B. Sound of the English letter “e”
C. Sound of the English letter “f”
D. Sound of the English letter “g”

8. The following words contain /i:/ except:

A. Fit
B. Feel
C. Heat
D. See

9. Say the words: man, bad, dip, and jazz. How does the place of articulation work?
A. Retract the tongue back a bit from the alveolar ridge
B. Block/constrict the airflow by curling your lower lip back and raising it to touch your upper row of teeth.
C. "Block/constrict airflow out of the mouth by bringing your lips together"
D. The teeth meet the gum

10. If you make using the front part of your tongue, which vowel sounds you produce?
A. /iː/ /ɪ/ /e/ /æ/
B. /ə/ /ɜː/ /ʌ/
C ./uː/ /ʊ/ /ɔː/ /ɒ/
D. /uː/ /ʊ/ /ɔː/ /ɒ/ / ɑː/

11. Which of the following words does NOT have palatal consonant?
A. Check
B. Come
C. Queen
D. Youth

SET B

12. Consider the word "ship." What is the place and manner of articulation for the initial sound?
A. Palatal, Fricative
B. Alveolar, Fricative
C. Velar, Stop (Plosive)
D. Labiodental, Fricative

13. What is the mental representation of speech-sound patterns?

A. Morphemes
B. Morphology
C. Phonemes
D. Phonology

14. What is the smallest unit of speech?

A. Morphemes
B. Morphology
C. Phonemes
D. Phonology

15. What is a minimal pair?

A. A sound representation of the phoneme.
B. A pair of words with one phonemic difference.
C. A closely related set, which functions as a single sound.
D. The different ways in which the phoneme can be represented or the different ways a word is pronounced.

16. A student pronounces the word "sing" as [sɪn]. Which part of the articulation process does he fail to execute
correctly?
A. Voicing the initial sound correctly
B. Using the correct manner of articulation for the final sound
C. Using the correct place of articulation for the final sound
D. Using the correct place of articulation for the initial sound

17. Which of the following is an example of a minimal set?

A. {Bad, ban}
B. {Die, lie}
C. {Hip, hit}
D. {Sin, tin}

18. Why are allophones considered to be variations of a single phoneme rather than distinct phonemes?
A) Allophones occur in different linguistic environments and do not change word meaning.
B) Allophones always occur in the same environment as the phoneme they represent.
C) Allophones are distinct sounds that can change meaning in a language.
D) Allophones are used interchangeably with other allophones to create minimal pairs.

19. Which is NOT TRUE about co-articulation?

A. It is the process of making one sound almost at the same time as the next sound.
B. A general term in phonetics for the process by which a speech sound becomes similar or identical to a
neighboring sound.
C. Its general sense refers to a situation in which a conceptually isolated speech sound is influenced by, and
becomes more like, a preceding or following speech sound.
D. Co-articulation is the way the brain organizes sequences of vowels and consonants, interweaving the individual
movements necessary for each into one smooth whole.

20. Design an example sentence that demonstrates both assimilation and elision. Explain how these processes
contribute to the natural flow of speech.
A. "She's going to the library." - In connected speech: "She's goin' to th' library."
B. "The cat is sleeping on the couch." - In connected speech: "The cat's sleepin' on th' couch."
C. "I need to buy some vegetables for dinner." - In connected speech: "I need to buy some veg'tables for dinner."

D. "He is playing the piano in the music room." - In connected speech: "He's playin' th' piano in th' music room."

21. Develop a sentence that showcases both assimilation and co-articulation effects. How do these processes
contribute to the natural rhythm and fluidity of spoken language?
A. "She is going to the gym after work." - In connected speech: "She's gonna th' gym after work."
B. "He always takes the train to the city." - In connected speech: "He alwaystakes the train to th' city."
C. "The red car is parked near the entrance." - In connected speech: "The redcar is parked near th' entrance."
D. "We should have lunch at the Italian restaurant." - In connected speech: "We should've lunch at th' Italian
restaurant."

SET C
22. Which of the following BEST defines a syllable?
A. A group of letters in a word.
B. The first letter of a word.
C. The last letter of a word.
D. The smallest unit of sound in a word.

23. Which of the following has no ONSET but has a RHYME?

A. At
B. Pa
C. Hi
D. Not

24. “Walkathon” which means walking marathon is a word formed by:

A. Coinage
B. Analogy
C. Derivation
D. Affixation

25. What word formation process may be written as one word or two words joined with a hyphen?
A. Blending
B. Borrowing
C. Coinage
D. Compounding

26. Which word formation has the element of reduction wherein a word with more than one syllable is reduced to a
shorter form?
A. Backformation
B. Blending
C. Clipping
D. Coinage

27. Which of the following used a coinage word?

A. Can you Xerox these documents?
B. Are you up for brunch?
C. You are a simpleton.
D. These are my favorite soup dishes.

28. Which word formation was used in the underlined word of the sentence: "I will babysit my little sister this
weekend."?
A. Affixation
B. Backformation
C. Clipping
D. Compounding

29. The word "happily" is an example of which word formation process?

A. Compounding
B. Conversion
C. Inflection
D. Suffixation

30. In the Philippines, some people call diaper as Pampers and Colgate for toothpaste. What word-formation is being
observed in the word Pampers and Colgate?
A. Blending
B. Compounding
C. Coinage
D. Etymology

31. Which of the following morphemic analysis is accurate?

A. Dancers = dance + -ers
B. Flowering = flow +- er +-ing
C. Magical = magic + -al
D. Tape recorder = tape + recorder
32. What is the primary focus of the Prescriptive Approach in linguistics?
A. To describe how language is actually used by speakers.
B. To establish rules and norms for how language should be used.
C. To document language change over time.
D. To analyze the historical development of languages.

SET D
33. Which of the following words is formed by adding a suffix to the word "childish" and means "resembling the
characteristics of a child"?
A. Childlike
B. Childless
C. Childishness
D. Childproof

34. What is morphology?

A. It deals with words, their external structure, and how they are formed.
B. It deals with words, their internal structure, and how they are formed
C. It deals with internal words, their external structure, and how they are formed.
D. It deals with external words, their internal structure and how they are formed.

35. Which of the following is grammatically correct?

A. This is she.
B. This is her.
C. Where are you going to?
D. This is what I came here for.

36. The word [reopened] has ___ morphemes.

A. Qne
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four

37. For the sentence "The artist who painted the mural that adorns the museum's wall is famous," determine the
structure of the noun phrase (NP) in the tree diagram. How is the relative clause (RC) structured within the NP?
A. NP → Det + N + RC RC → S + VP S → NP + VP
B. NP → Det + RC + N RC → S + VP S → NP + VP
C. NP → Det + RC RC → NP + VP NP → Det + N
D. NP → Det + N + RC RC → NP + CP CP → C + S S → NP + VP

38. Joan is a pretty girl. How would you identify the underlined morpheme?
A. Derivational
B. Functional
C. Inflectional
D. Lexical

39. The following are definitions of grammar, EXCEPT:

A. System of a language
B. Simply a reflection of a language at a particular time
C. Making sounds, which evolved into words, phrases and sentences
D. Set of structural rules governing the composition of clauses, phrases and words in a natural language.
40. Among the sentences, which of the following has a helping verb?
A. My father is a teacher at the college on Spring Street.
B. She mixed and rolled the dough for the sugar cookies.
C. The tall man on television was shopping for a nice suit.
D. We ran into the hardware store and quickly bought blue paint for our house.

41. What statement BEST describes descriptive grammar?

A. Descriptive grammar is the study of a language, its structure, and its rules."
B. Descriptive grammar is an assumption that has attempts to explain how a particular language works.
C. Descriptive grammar does not describe the language, its structure, and the syntactic rules that govern sentence
and phrase constructions.
D. Descriptive grammar is judgmental, and it does not have the goal of determining what represents good or bad
language, correct or incorrect structures, or grammatical or ungrammatical forms.

42. According to a prescriptivist view of language, what is the primary focus in evaluating grammar?
A. The historical origins of the language.
B. Whether the language is evolving over time.
C. How creative and unique the language usage is.
D. Standard forms of grammar and syntactic constructions.

43. Why do most linguists or language hobbyists tend to adopt a descriptive grammar approach?
A. Linguists prefer to enforce strict language rules in their analyses.
B. Linguists are primarily concerned with historical language norms.
C. Descriptive grammar allows for a more flexible and practical analysis of language use.
D. Descriptive grammar is favored by practicing teachers due to its focus on standardized language.

SET E
44. Why might practicing teachers generally prefer to work with prescriptive grammars?
A. Prescriptive grammars offer specific rules for language usage.
B. Descriptive grammars are too flexible for classroom instruction.
C. Descriptive grammars are too flexible for classroom instruction.
D. Prescriptive grammars provide historical context for language usage.

45. Imagine you are editing a book written in a casual and conversational style, aiming to capture the authentic
voices of its characters. The dialogue often includes nonstandard grammar and slang. Which approach to
grammar would be most suitable for maintaining the authenticity of the characters' voices?
A. Completely rewriting the dialogue to adhere strictly to standard grammar rules.
B. Prescriptive grammar, to ensure grammatical correctness and standard language use.
C. A combination of both prescriptive and descriptive grammar, depending on the context.
D. Descriptive grammar, to preserve the natural language and dialects used by the characters.

46. What is the primary purpose of a generative grammar?

A. To define the deep structure of a language.
B. To employ a large number of obligatory transformations.
C. To focus on surface structure for semantic interpretation.
D. To generate all well-formed syntactic structures (sentences) and ensure only grammatical sentences are
produced.

47. In the sentence, “Children in the preschool classroom napped after lunch.” Which part of the sentence makes it
grammatically incorrect?
A. After
B. Classroom
C. Lunch
D. Napped

48. Which sentence features the deep structure?

A. Visiting doctors can be nuisance
B. The doctors visiting us is a nuisance.
C. Doctors visit us. They can be nuisance.
D. It can be nuisance to have doctors visit us.

49. Which of the following sentences uses the phrase structure rules S=NP+VP, in which NP= Det&N, VP=Aux&V?
A. That glass will fall.
B. He drives slowly.
C. This book is mine.
D. The boy walks across the street.

50. The following statements define or describe conceptual meaning, EXCEPT:

A. It is the literal meaning of a word.
B. It is the same with dictionary meaning.
C. It is a meaning derived from the personal insights of people.
D. It describes the components or elements of the word being defined.

51. What is the associative meaning of the word “needle”?

A. Blood
B. Illness
C. Pain
D. Sharp

52. Sandy smelled the rose in the garden." In this sentence, which one has the semantic role of the experiencer?
A. Garden
B. Sandy
C. Smelled
D. The rose

53. What is true about this sentence: The wind whistles my blues to you.
A. The sentence misplaces the agent and the theme.
B. The sentence is syntactically and semantically odd.
C. The sentence is syntactically good but semantically odd.
D. The sentence has non-human agent performing a human act.

54. "I went home early yesterday." What is the semantic role of the boldfaced word?
A. The HOME is the agent since it is the decision.
B. The HOME is the theme because it is the main focus.
C. The HOME is the goal since it describes the purpose or objective.
D. The HOME is the source since it refers to the origin where someone is from.

SET F
55. What is a hyponym?
A. The study of how sounds are created.
B. The hidden and implied meanings within language.
C. The hierarchical structure that exists between lexical items.
D. The study of symbols that pertain to words that have significant meanings.
56. How does polysemy differ from homonymy in lexical relations?
A. Polysemy involves a single word having multiple related meanings, while homonymy involves different words that
happen to have the same form but are unrelated in meaning.
B. Polysemy refers to words that are spelled the same but have completely unrelated meanings, whereas homonymy
involves words with similar but not identical meanings.
C. Polysemy deals with words that are pronounced the same but have different spellings, while homonymy involves
words that sound different but have the same meaning.
D. Polysemy and homonymy both describe words that have different meanings based on their context in a sentence.

57. The head of a company is similar to the head of a person on top of (and controlling) the body. This sentence is
an example of which lexical relations?
A. Hyponymy
B. Metonymy
C. Polysemy
D. Prototypes

58. Among the following sentences which is NOT semantically correct?

A. My cat sings well.
B. My mom slapped me with a slipper.
C. Blackberry is known for its sweet taste.
D. Beware of the owner, never mind the dog.

59. As far as I know his hair was kind of long. Now, correct me if I’m wrong, but the book cover is sort of yellow.
Which of the following is not a hedge?
A. kind of
B. sort of
C. as far as I know
D. I'm wrong

60. What is a technical term (from Greek) for one of the most basic things we do with utterances, which means
'pointing' via language?
A. Deixis
B. Demonstrative Pronoun
C. Pragmatics
D. Semantics

61. Which theory is based on the assumption that language originated as a result of human instinct to imitate sounds?

A. The gesture theory

B. The ding dong theory
C. The bow-wow-theory
D. The pooh-pooh theory

62. When Pragmatics expert Jenny Thomas says that pragmatics considers the negotiation of meaning between
speaker and listener, she means _______.
A. Speech is transactional
B. Speech is manipulative
C. Speech is pre-programmed
D. Speech fixates the roles of the participants

63. When the speaker says, “I’m excited,”, what illocutionary act is presented?
A. The speaker is giving instructions.
B. The speaker is expressing an emotion.
C. The speaker commits to do something.
D. The speaker is expressing his condition or state.

64. When the speaker says, “It’s cold,”, which of the following situations shows a perlocutionary act?
A. The listener nods.
B. The listener says, “Yes, it’s cold.”
C. The listener waits for the speaker to say something more.
D. The listener immediately stands up and closes the window.

65. Which principles states that, “make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it
occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged”?
A. Co-operative principle
B. Gricean principle
C. Maxims principle
D. Politeness principle

SET G

66. What communicative strategy occurs in a conversation when one person listens while the other person speaks?
A. Turn-taking
B. The Quality maxim
C. The Quantity maxim
D. Take turns at speaking

67. Which among these types of speech acts. Which one refers to the act of affecting the listeners?
A. Illocutionary act
B. Face-saving act
C. Locutionary act
D. Perlocutionary act

68. What is the term for the phenomenon where a person with aphasia has difficulty repeating words or sentences
accurately, despite having intact comprehension and speech production abilities?
A. Wernicke’s Aphasia
B. Broca’s Aphasia
C. Conduction Aphasia
D. Global Aphasia

69. How do speakers mark completion points at the end of a turn?

A. Completion point
B. Intonation, pausing, phrasing
C. Interpret (or to be interpreted) and how we accomplish it
D. Speakers can mark completion points by asking a question or by pausing at the end of a completed syntactic
structure such as a phrase or sentence.

70. What maxim is violated in this conversation?

A: Where did you go last night?
B: It was full moon
A. Maxim of manner
B. Maxim of relation
C. Maxim of quality
D. Maxim of quantity

71. What maxim is flouted when a girl mixed up the answer to the questions because of the trauma the accident
had caused her?
A. Manner
B. Relation
C. Quality
D. Quantity

72. Which maxims do these speakers seem to be particularly careful about?

A: I may be mistaken, but I thought I saw a wedding ring on his finger.
B: I won't bore you with all the details, but it wasn't a pleasant experience."
A. Language beyond the sentence
B. Interpret (or to be interpreted) and how we accomplish it
C. Hedges are words or phrases used to indicate that we're not really sure that what we're saying is sufficiently
correct or complete.
D. Quality, because the speaker indicates that he or she "may be mistaken”. Quantity, because the speaker is
avoiding "all the details."

73. Which of the following phrases is an example of a hedge often used to mitigate the force of a statement and
make it less assertive?
A. "Absolutely...1’
B. "It is certain that..."
C. "Without a doubt..."
D. "One could argue that..."

74. When a speaker commits pronunciation errors excessively, how should one react to observe cooperative
principle?
A. Correct the errors
B. End the conversation politely.
C. Grab the opportunity to speak.
D. Tolerate the errors for as long as the meanings communicated are clear.

75. Which part of the brain controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere,
that directs the muscle movements involved in speech?
A. Broca's area
B. LAD (Language Acquisition Device)
C. Right hemisphere
D. Wernicke's area

SET H
76. Which refers to the study of how language and its activities is represented in the brain?
A. Neurology
B. Neuroscience
C. Neurosemantics
D. Neurolinguistics

77. When we are retrieving a word from memory, what part of the brain is processing the information?
A. Angular Gyrus
B. Broca's Area
C. Corpus Callosum
D. Wernicke's Area
78. Why might some patients with Broca's aphasia be able to produce speech?
A. They were misdiagnosed
B. Broca's area is not damaged.
C. Speech is automatic and over-learned
D. An area outside Broca's area is damaged.

79. Why might some patients with Broca's aphasia be able to produce speech?
A. They were misdiagnosed
B. Broca's area is not damaged.
C. Speech is automatic and over-learned
D. An area outside Broca's area is damaged.

80. What is aphasia?

A. A speech disorder that affects voice.
B. A language disorder diagnosed at birth.
C. A speech disorder that affects articulation.
D. A language disorder caused by damage to the brain.

81. Which among the following is an exception to the property of arbitrariness of language?
A. Homonyms
B. Homophones
C. Onomatopoeia
D. Portmanteau

82. Which of the following situations show mild aphasia?

A. The person hardly talks and could not understand anything that he hears.
B. The person recovers quickly from a communication breakdown caused by what he calls "vocabulary block".

C. The person stopd in the middle of his sentence, and then talks again with obvious lack of coherence in his ideas.

D. The person can communicate but keeps on repeating words and phrases, uses a lot of gestures, or even
abandons his topic.

83. When a child has difficulty recalling the visual appearance of the numbers, letters and words and thus may spell
oil as 710 or b for d or note as tone, the child is said to have___________.
A. Aphasia
B. Anomic aphasia
C. Dyslexia
D. Global aphasia

84. Joy is fluent in Aphasia with good comprehension and good repetition skills. What type of Aphasia is present
here?
A. Anomic
B. Expressive
C. Global aphasia
D. Receptive

85. What source of language believes that the origin of language begins with the sounds of a person involved in
physical effort such as grunts, hums, and groans?
A. Bow-Wow Theory
B. Yo-He-Ho Theory
C. Pooh-Pooh Theory
D. Physical Adaptation Source

86. What theory of language where words developed from the imitation of sounds in the environment?
A. The pooh-pooh theory
B. Social interaction source
C. Social interaction source (yo-he-ho theory)
D. Natural sound source (bow-wow theory)

87. Which of the following theories may support the Pooh-Pooh Theory?
A. Mothers hum when they cook.
B. The child imitates the sound of his pet cat.
C. Aside from intelligible words, humans use utterances that are very emotive.
D. Laborers usually create grunts and other noises that accompany heavy work.

88. "In the book, you will find this quote:

""...an Egyptian pharaoh named Psammetichus tried the experiment with two newborn babies. After
two years of isolation except for the company of goats and a mute shepherd, the children were
reported to have spontaneously uttered, not an Egyptian word, but something that was identified as
the Phrygian."" This corresponds to..."
A. Social interaction source
B. The Divine Source Theory
C. The physical adaptation Source
D. Natural sound source (bow-wow theory)

89. How does the La-La Theory explain the origin of language?
A. The La-La Theory posits that language originated from the imitation of natural sounds in the environment.
B. The La-La Theory suggests that language developed from early humans’ attempts to make pleasing vocal sounds
in social contexts.
C. The La-La Theory claims that language arose from the necessity of creating complex grammatical structures for
communication.
D. The La-La Theory argues that language emerged from the use of gestures and physical signs.
90. Which is the study of how the vocal tracts produce the sounds?
A. Acoustic Phonetics
B. Auditory Phonetics
C. Articulatory Phonetics
D. Phonemics