Copyright (C) 1989, 1995 Aladdin Enterprises. All rights reserved.

This file is part of Aladdin Ghostscript.

Aladdin Ghostscript is distributed with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. No author

or distributor accepts any responsibility for the consequences of using it,
or for whether it serves any particular purpose or works at all, unless he
or she says so in writing. Refer to the Aladdin Ghostscript Free Public
License (the "License") for full details.

Every copy of Aladdin Ghostscript must include a copy of the License,

normally in a plain ASCII text file named PUBLIC. The License grants you
the right to copy, modify and redistribute Aladdin Ghostscript, but only
under certain conditions described in the License. Among other things, the
License requires that the copyright notice and this notice be preserved on
all copies.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

****************************************************
* This file describes version 3.53 of Ghostscript. *
****************************************************

********
******** An overview of Ghostscript ********
********

Ghostscript is the name of a set of software that provides:

- An interpreter for the PostScript (TM) language, and

- A set of C procedures (the Ghostscript library) that implement

the graphics capabilities that appear as primitive operations in the
PostScript language.

How is Ghostscript licensed? Where can I find it?

--------------------------------------------------

Ghostscript is a copyrighted work (Aladdin Enterprises owns the copyright);

it is not shareware or in the public domain. Different versions of it are
distributed with three different licenses:

- Versions entitled "Aladdin Ghostscript" are distributed with a

license called the Aladdin Ghostscript Free Public License that allows free
use, copying, and distribution by end users, but does not allow commercial
distribution. You can always get the current version of Aladdin
Ghostscript with this license by Internet FTP from
ftp.cs.wisc.edu:/ghost/aladdin/ghostscript*NNNN*
or
/afs/cs.wisc.edu/public/ghost/aladdin/ghostscript*NNNN*
where NNNN is the version number. If you do not have convenient access to
the Internet, Aladdin Enterprises can send you Aladdin Ghostscript on
PC-compatible diskettes for a small fee; please contact Aladdin for more
information. The address and phone number are given later on in this
document. Please note that this is not "commercial licensing"; you are
still getting free software, with no support and no warranty.

- Versions entitled "GNU Ghostscript" are distributed with the GNU

General Public License, which allows free use, and free copying and
redistribution under certain conditions (including, in some cases,
commercial distribution). GNU Ghostscript versions are released
approximately a year after the corresponding Aladdin Ghostscript version.
You can always get the current version of GNU Ghostscript by Internet FTP
from
ftp.cs.wisc.edu:/ghost/gnu/ghostscript*NNNN*
or
/afs/cs.wisc.edu/public/ghost/gnu/ghostscript*NNNN*
or from any of the GNU distribution sites, such as ftp.uu.net:/systems/gnu
or gatekeeper.dec.com:/pub/GNU; you can also get GNU Ghostscript on tape
or CD-ROM from the Free Software Foundation. For a more complete list of
sites, including sites outside the U.S., send e-mail to
[email protected].

- Versions of Ghostscript are also available for commercial

licensing. See the next section for details.

Aladdin Ghostscript and GNU Ghostscript come with NO WARRANTY and NO

SUPPORT. If you have a question or a bug to report, please see the
section "If you need help" below for information about what to do.

The Ghostscript source code distribution includes a library written by the

Independent JPEG Group (IJG). This library does NOT fall under either the
GNU License or the Aladdin Ghostscript Free Public License; it comes with
its own license, which is less restrictive. For more information, please
see the README file in the jpeg subdirectory of the Ghostscript source
code. The executable versions of Ghostscript are based in part on the
work of the Independent JPEG Group.

What about commercial use?

--------------------------

GNU Ghostscript may not be incorporated into commercial products which

forbid copying or for which customers cannot obtain source code for no
more than the cost of reproduction, although it may be distributed
("aggregated") with commercial products; Aladdin Ghostscript may not be
incorporated into commercial products at all, and may only be distributed
commercially under extremely limited circumstances. However, Ghostscript
is also available for commercial licensing, which in addition to the right
to incorporate Ghostscript into commercial products includes support, a
limited warranty, high-quality fonts, and other benefits. For more
information about commercial licensing of Ghostscript, please contact
Aladdin Enterprises' commercial distribution partners, which are the only
entities legally authorized to distribute Ghostscript per se on any terms
other than the GNU or Aladdin free licenses:

In the U.S. and all parts of the world except Europe:

Licensing Information
Artifex Software Inc.
454 Las Gallinas Ave., suite 108
San Rafael, CA 94903 U.S.A.
voice +1-415-492-9861
fax +1-415-492-9862
e-mail: [email protected]

In Europe, as a representative of Artifex Software:

Informationstechnik, Netzwerke und Systeme Vertriebs-GmbH

 Christoph Strozyk
Postfach 101312
D-44543 Castrop-Rauxel
Germany
Tel. +49-2305-356505
Fax. +49-2305-18018
e-mail: [email protected]

Currently, Artifex does not offer commercial support as a separate service;

support is available only to OEM licensees.

What platforms does Ghostscript run on?

---------------------------------------

Ghostscript is written entirely in C (with some optional assembly-language

accelerators for MS-DOS platforms), with special care taken to make it run
properly on systems of either byte order and of various word lengths.

GNU Ghostscript is known to run on the following platform families:

- A wide variety of Unix systems using X Windows version 11, release

4, 5, and 6, including Sun-3, Sun-4, Sun-386i, and Sun
SPARCStation; generic 80386/486/Pentium machines running Linux,
386/ix, FreeBSD, ISC Unix, SCO Unix, and Solaris; H-P 9000/300 and
9000/800; DECStation 2100 and 3100; VAX running Ultrix and OSF/1;
Sequent Symmetry; Convex C1 and C2; Tektronix 4300; SGI Iris
Indigo; 4.4bsd Unix systems (FreeBSD (intel), NetBSD (intel,
sparc, m68k (apple, amiga, sun & hp) and vax) and 386BSD (intel)).

- Sun workstations (Sun-3, SPARC, Sun-386i) running SunView;

- VAX or AXP systems running VMS with X11R4/5 and DEC C or gcc.

Aladdin Ghostscript is known to run on all of the above, and additionally

the following platform families:

- IBM PC and compatibles with EGA, VGA, SuperVGA, or compatible

graphics under MS-DOS 3.1, 3.3, 5.0, or 6.22, with or without
Microsoft Windows 3.0 or 3.1;

- IBM PC and compatibles under DR DOS 6.0;

- IBM PC and compatibles under OS/2 2.0, 2.1 and Warp 3.0.

- Macintosh with System 7 or later, both 680x0 and PowerPC native.

For specific information on the Macintosh implementation, please
see http://www.glyphic.com/glyphic/projects/macgs.html

It is very likely that Ghostscript will run under other versions of MS-DOS,
and other versions of Unix that support X11, but it has not been tested in
these environments. (Ghostscript does not run well on PC-compatibles with
Hercules display cards, since text and graphics output interfere with each
other, but you can work around this by redirecting the text output to a file.)
Versions for Microsoft Windows NT and Windows 95 are under development.

Ghostscript has also been ported a number of platforms by users, who are
willing to be contacted regarding problems on those specific platforms:

- For information and possibly precompiled binaries for NeXT

 machines, contact Alan Barclay <[email protected]>,
in the U.K. at +44-1224-591779 (voice & fax).

- For information on a port to the Amiga, contact Andreas Maschke

([email protected]). This port includes drivers for
IFF (file format)
RETINA (graphics board) and
INTUI (Amiga Window system)
by Andreas Heitmann ([email protected]).

- For information on a port to the Atari ST, contact Tim

Gallivan ([email protected]).

- For information on a port to the Acorn Archimedes, contact

David Elworthy ([email protected]).

********
******** Related work
********

We know of two freely available X Windows screen previewers based on

Ghostscript: Ghostview and GSPreview. For information on Ghostview, contact
Tim Theisen ([email protected]). For information on GSPreview, contact
Richard Hesketh ([email protected]).

There is a freely available previewer for OpenVMS (both VAX and AXP) called
GhostView-VMS or gv-vms, derived from Tim Theisen's Ghostview 1.5 by
Johannes Plass ([email protected]). Some places you can find
it are:
WWW:
http://www.wku.edu/htbin/fileserv?X11KIT
FTP:
site: ftp.wku.edu
file: VMS/FILESERV/X11Kit.ZIP
site: nic.switch.ch
file: mirror/vms/spc/macro32/savesets/x11kit.zip
site: ada.cenaath.cena.dgac.fr
files: DECWINDOWS/XAW3D/
site: axp.psl.ku.dk
files: DECWINDOWS/XAW3D/

There is a freely available MS Windows screen previewer based on

Ghostscript, called GSView for Windows, and a similar OS/2 previewer called
PM GSview. For technical information on GSview for Windows or PM GSview,
please contact Russell Lang ([email protected]). (Aladdin provides Lang with
a mail alias, but Lang is not an employee or agent of Aladdin.) These
programs are also available for commercial licensing from Artifex Software
Inc.

Users have contributed two packages that provide a set of GSview-like

commands that MS-DOS users can enter through the keyboard. One is available
from
ftp.pg.gda.pl:/pub/TeX/GUST/contrib/PS/PS_VIEW/ps_view.ps
and is in the public domain. The other is available from
puccini.ujf-grenoble.fr:pub/contrib-ps/DOS-PSV/*
and appears to be redistributable with no restrictions.

A set of additions that provide a usable Kanji capability for Ghostscript

version 2.4.1 is available for anonymous FTP from
ftp.cs.titech.ac.jp:GNU/gs241j11.tar.Z. For more information, please
contact Mr. Norio Katayama ([email protected]). Mr. Katayama is
working on adapting this package for newer Ghostscript versions
(specifically, for versions 2.6.1 and 3.0), and expects to make the newer
version of the package available sometime in early 1995.

An extensive list of Unix systems and the fonts available on them is

available on
http://www.math.utah.edu/~beebe/#PostScript-fonts
courtesy of Nelson H. F. Beebe.

There is a good free utility "pstotext" that works with Ghostscript to

extract plain-text from PostScript files. It is much better than the
ps2ascii utility distributed with Ghostscript. You can read the pstotext
documentation at:

http://www.research.digital.com/SRC/virtualpaper/manpages/pstotext.1.html

You can download pstotext from the following URL (after reading and agreeing
to the license offered there):

http://www.research.digital.com/SRC/virtualpaper/pstotext.html

There is no formal technical support for pstotext, but the authors are happy
to receive your questions and comments by e-mail at the following locations:

http://www.research.digital.com/SRC/virtualpaper/comments.html
mailto:[email protected]
mailto:[email protected]

For more information about the authors' Virtual Paper project, which
attempts to make on-line reading of lengthy material (like research reports,
manuals, or entire books) comfortable, read:

http://www.research.digital.com/SRC/virtualpaper

********
******** Documentation overview ********
********

There is a Ghostscript World Wide Web home page at

http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/index.html

All the file names mentioned in the documentation, except for README,
are in lower case, which is the usual convention for Unix systems.
On MS-DOS systems, all file names are actually upper-case.

What should I read first?

-------------------------

When you receive Ghostscript, you should start by reading:

> README - this file.

> current.doc - information about problems, and major changes and new
features in the current release.

If you have used a previous release of Ghostscript, you probably should also
read any more recent sections of:
> NEWS - a complete, detailed history of changes in the most recent
Ghostscript releases.

What if I'm a new user?

-----------------------

If you are a new user of Ghostscript, you should read:

> use.doc - information about to install and use Ghostscript. Some of this
information is also contained in gs.1 - a `man' page for Ghostscript.

> The catalog at the beginning of devs.mak, which lists all the devices for
which Ghostscript is able to produce output (although if you got Ghostscript
in binary form, it will only include a subset of these devices).

> devices.doc - more detailed information about some specific devices that
Ghostscript knows about.

> ps2epsi.doc, unix-lpr.doc - more detailed information about some of

the shell scripts and batch files distributed with Ghostscript.

If you have Aladdin Ghostscript, as opposed to the GNU Ghostscript releases

distributed by the Free Software Foundation, you should read (or at least
skim through):

> public.doc - additional information about Aladdin Ghostscript releases

that is not relevant to GNU Ghostscript releases.

If you are going to compile Ghostscript, rather than just use an executable
you got from somewhere, you should read:

> make.doc - how to install, compile and link Ghostscript.

If you run into any questions, or if you are going to be using Ghostscript
extensively, you should at least skim, and probably eventually read:

> fonts.doc - information about the fonts distributed with

Ghostscript, including how to add or replace fonts.

> language.doc - A description of the Ghostscript language, and its

differences from the documented PostScript language.

> psfiles.doc - information about the .ps files distributed with

Ghostscript (other than fonts).

There is also a FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions) file available on the

Internet. See "If you need help" below for the location.

What if I'm a developer?

------------------------

If you are going to be writing a new driver for Ghostscript, you

should read:

> drivers.doc - the interface between Ghostscript and device drivers.

> xfonts.doc - the interface between Ghostscript and platform-supplied

fonts. (Read drivers.doc first.)
If you are considering distributing Ghostscript (either Aladdin or GNU
versions) in conjunction with a commercial product, you should read the
PUBLIC license carefully, and you should also read:

> commprod.doc - additional clarification of the circumstances under which

Ghostscript can be distributed with a commercial product.

If you intend to use Ghostscript in the form of a DLL under OS/2 or

Microsoft Windows, you should read:

> dll.doc - documentation on Ghostscript as a DLL.

If you intend to use Ghostscript as part of another program and not as a

DLL, rather than as a self-contained executable application, you should
start by reading:

> imain.h - the documented API for Ghostscript not as a DLL.

Other files
-----------

> devarch.doc - notes on the architecture of device handling in

Ghostscript 3.0.

> ps2epsi.doc - documentation for the PostScript to EPSI conversion

utility.

> helpers.doc - a note of thanks to all the people who have helped with
Ghostscript development.

> hershey.doc - information about the Hershey fonts, which are the
basis of some of the Ghostscript fonts.

> history*.doc - a history of changes in older Ghostscript releases.

> humor.doc - a humorous comment on Ghostscript contributed by a user.

> lib.doc - information about the Ghostscript library.

> unix-lpr.doc - information about how to integrate Ghostscript with

Unix printer spooling.

********
******** If you need help ********
********

There is a Frequently Asked Questions file available for Internet anonymous

FTP from
ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/ghost/gsfaq.txt
(i.e., FTP to ftp.cs.wisc.edu, file name /ghost/gsfaq.txt)
or
/afs/cs.wisc.edu/public/ghost/gsfaq.txt
and also available by HTTP (World Wide Web) from
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsfaq.html
It isn't updated very often, so it may be a little out of date.

Aladdin Enterprises doesn't have the resources to respond to questions

from users of the freely available versions of Ghostscript. (Responding
to questions and bug reports is one of the benefits that Artifex Software
provides to commercial users in exchange for the licensing fee.) If you
have problems with Ghostscript, and you have access to Usenet news, we
suggest you post your question to one of the following Usenet newsgroups:

- If your question is about GNU Ghostscript (currently, versions

2.6.1 and below), post it to gnu.ghostscript.bug. If you have access to
Internet mail, but not news, send e-mail to
[email protected], which is equivalent to posting to the
gnu.ghostscript.bug newsgroup.

- If your question is about Aladdin Ghostscript (currently,

versions 3.0 and above), post it to comp.lang.postscript. If you have
access to Internet mail, but not news, send e-mail to
[email protected], which is equivalent to posting
to the comp.lang.postscript newsgroup. (We hope to establish a separate
newsgroup for Aladdin Ghostscript in the future, since
comp.lang.postscript was not intended for Ghostscript discussion per se.)

There are hundreds of Ghostscript user sites all over the world, and often
another user will be able to help you. If you are having trouble with
a specific device driver, look in the file devs.mak and see if it is a
user-maintained driver. If so, please contact the person listed there
directly; please do not contact Aladdin Enterprises regarding
user-maintained drivers.

Aladdin Enterprises does want Ghostscript to be of high quality, so if you

have been running Ghostscript and encounter a problem, we encourage you to
post bugs to the newsgroups mentioned above. We will consider
investigating problems reported to those newsgroups if (and only if) the
posted report meets all the following criteria:

- You are using the most recent version of Aladdin Ghostscript.

- You obtained Ghostscript directly from Aladdin Enterprises, or

from the FTP or AFS site on the Internet mentioned above (i.e., not
from a bulletin board system or a commercial system such as
CompuServe or GEnie).

- You have installed Ghostscript successfully, and used it

successfully on other input data.

- Your problem is reproducible, and you can send us the input

data that evokes it (by e-mail, anonymous FTP, or PC diskette).
(But please do not send anything unless we ask you for it.)

- You post the bug report using the following form, completely
filled out:

------snip------snip------snip------snip------snip------snip------snip------

Ghostscript version:

Where you got Ghostscript:

Hardware you are using:

Operating system you are using:

(If you compiled Ghostscript yourself)
C compiler you are using:

(Use as much space as you need for the remaining items.)

Symptoms:

Suggested fix (if any):

Other comments:

------snip------snip------snip------snip------snip------snip------snip------

Bug reports that include suggested fixes are especially welcome.

As time permits, Aladdin Enterprises may also respond to e-mail from the
following classes of users:

- Beta testers who have actually given us at least one report on

some beta version supplied to them.

- People developing drivers that are for, or applications that

are based on, Ghostscript and that will be made freely available.

- People who express serious interest in commercial licensing

of Ghostscript.

Aladdin Enterprises owns or has access to the following hardware and

software:

Pentium and 486 PCs with color SuperVGA displays;

Epson-compatible printer (the printer also is compatible with
the IBM Proprinter); various H-P printers; Canon BubbleJet.
These systems run both MS-DOS 5.0 and 6.22 and Microsoft Windows
3.1 with Borland C++ 3.1 (and several older versions), and Linux
with gcc.

SPARCstation, SunOS 4.1, cc and gcc, X11R5 and SunView;

both monochrome and color displays.

DECstation, Ultrix.

IBM RS/6000 and PowerPC, Unix (AIX 3.n).

DEC AXP (Alpha), OSF/1.

If your problem turns out to be specific to some other hardware or

software configuration, it may take longer to track down, since we
will have to rely on other users to help.

Aladdin's contact information is as follows:

Aladdin Enterprises
P.O. box 60264
Palo Alto, CA 94306
phone +1-415-322-0103 (8:30 AM - noon, Pacific time)
fax +1-415-322-1734
[email protected]

Please do not contact us if all you want is help with the freely distributed
versions of Ghostscript! Ghostscript is free, but our time is not. If you
call for help, we will tell you politely that we cannot answer your
question. Ghostscript's documentation, while not of commercial end-user
quality, has been adequate for thousands of users (for many of whom English
is a foreign language), so the answer to your question is very likely in it
somewhere.

********
******** Things you can do to help ********
********

There are some projects that users could do that are somewhat
decoupled from the main body of the code, and that would help improve
Ghostscript:

- Someone is needed to take responsibility for texinfo and/or man

page documentation for Ghostscript. What this would involve is updating
this documentation during the beta test period for each release, and
sending it to Aladdin to be included in the final fileset. (Aladdin would
continue to supply the plain-text documentation as it currently exists.)

- Ghostscript needs some good, free, Type 1 (outline) fonts. Karl

Berry is working on this, but it might go faster if he got some
knowledgeable assistance. Contact [email protected] if you want to help
with this.

- Adobe has donated the specification of the Display PostScript C

API to the X distribution, as well as the client-side implementation.
Modifying Ghostscript to interface with this code as a substitute for a
Display PostScript server might make Ghostscript a lot more useful, since
it would then be "plug compatible" with Display PostScript in an important
way. Contact [email protected] if you would like to help with this.

- Ghostscript should provide compression and decompression filters

that use the same algorithms as gzip. This would require restructuring
gzip to use Ghostscript's buffer-to-buffer model of stream processing, and
simplifying it so that the compression and decompression code could
reasonably fit in a single file. Please contact [email protected] if you
would like to do this.

********
******** Acknowledgements ********
********

Ghostscript was originally created, and is primarily developed and

maintained, by L. Peter Deutsch, President of Aladdin Enterprises.

Special thanks are due to Russell Lang, for the GSview for Windows and PM
GSview programs and for contributing most of the code for the Microsoft
Windows and OS/2 environments; to Tim Theisen, for the Ghostview program for
X Windows and for major contributions to, and ongoing assistance with
support of, the code for the X Windows environment; to Martin Fong, for the
original port of Ghostscript to the Macintosh, and Mark Lentczner, for the
current Macintosh port; and to the Independent JPEG Group, for creating the
JPEG DCT library that Ghostscript uses.

Special thanks are due to Richard Stallman and the Free Software Foundation
for originating the GNU License, for originally motivating the creation of
Ghostscript, and for being the primary distributor of GNU Ghostscript on
the Internet.

The file helpers.doc contains a list of the many other people who have
contributed significantly to improving Ghostscript.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

PostScript is a trademark of Adobe Systems, Incorporated.