Course Code: HES 087

General Microbiology Lecture

Module #12 Student Activity Sheet

Name: TAN, AYESA RAEANN Class number:

Section: 3DDM-C2 Schedule: Date:

Lesson Title: Gram Negative Bacilli Materials:

(Enterobacteriaceae) Book, pen and notebook, paper

Learning Targets: References:

At the end of the module, dentistry students will be
able to:
Jawetz, M. A. (2013). Medical Microbiology
1. Evaluate correctly the microorganisms
based on their: 26th Edition. United States of America: The
a. reservoir McGraw-Hill Companies.
b. transmission
c. metabolism
d. virulence factors and toxins
e. clinical syndromes
f. treatment and prevention
g. diagnosis

A. LESSON REVIEW
Oops before we proceed, let’s check first your previous knowledge!

Bacillus cereus
1) What bacteria can cause fried rice syndrome? ___________________
2) What bacteria has a distinct ‘Chinese characters’ morphology? _________________________
Corynebacteria
Albet's Stain and Ponder's Stain
What is the name of its metachromatic granules? _________________________

You can check your answers at the Lesson Wrap-up of this module. Let’s get started!

B. MAIN LESSON

Open and read your book (Jawetz’s book of Medical Microbiology, 26th Edition.) to Chapter 15. Below are concepts that
can aid you in studying the constructs of this topic.

Gram Negative Bacilli (Enterobacteriaceae)

(Medical Importance)
I. Escherichia III. Proteus V. Salmonella
II. Klebsiella IV. Shigella VI. Yersinia

Enterobacteriaceae
General characteristics:
• Peritrichous flagella when motile
Review: What are the characteristics of the peritrichous flagella? __________________________________

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 Course Code: HES 087
General Microbiology Lecture
Module #12 Student Activity Sheet

• Ferment glucose
• Antigens used in typing:
- Flagella → H Antigen
- Envelope → K Antigen
- Cell wall LPS
(lipopolysaccharide – O Ag)
• All possess LPS endotoxin; some exotoxin

I. Escherichia coli
❖ Habitat: human colon
❖ Colonizes the vagina and urethra
❖ Distinct characteristic: shows a green metallic sheen on EMB

Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli,

and Shigella dysenteriae all
holding hands. Escherichia coli
can cause diarrhea
indistinguishable from shigellosis
and cholera. The big picture here
is that the different types
of diarrhea produced by
Escherichia coli and the other
enterics are dependent on
virulence acquisition from
plasmids, and there is active
sharing of these factors. So
Escherichia coli diarrhea can look
just like cholera (ricewater stools)
or just like shigellosis (diarrhea
with blood and white cells)

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 Course Code: HES 087
General Microbiology Lecture
Module #12 Student Activity Sheet

II. Klebsiella pneumoniae

❖ Non-motile; has capsule
❖ Habitat: Upper respiratory and GIT
Remember the 5A’s of
Clinical Syndromes KlebsiellaA:

Aspiration pneumonia
Abcess in lungs and liver
Alcoholics
DiAbetics
CurrAnt jelly sputum

III. Proteus mirabilis

❖ Virulence Factors – motile, fimbriae: for adherence; lipopolysaccharide; urease production
❖ Clinical Syndromes - complicated UTI (UTI is associated with nephrolithiasis)
❖ Weil- Felix Reaction – a test that uses antibodies against certain strains of Proteus to diagnose ricketssial
disease

IV. Shigella

Habitat Transmission
Human colon only Fecal-oral route
4Fs: Food, Fingers, Feces, Flies

Shigella species group

She shigella is the face you

won’t forget...
Shigella is more toxic an invasive
than Salmonella
IgA is best for immunity

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 Course Code: HES 087
General Microbiology Lecture
Module #12 Student Activity Sheet

Virulence Factor Toxin Clinical Syndrome

EYES HERE!!

Shigella is never considered part of the normal

intestinal flora! It is always a pathogen.

Shigella is similar to enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

(EIEC) in that they both invade intestinal epithelial cells
and release Shiga toxin, which causes cell destruction.

Visualize Shazam Shigella with his Shiga

blaster laser, entering the intestinal epithelial cells and
blasting away at the 60S ribosome, causing epithelial
cell death. White cells arrive in an inflammatory
reaction. The colon, when viewed via colonoscopy,
has shallow ulcers where cells have sloughed off.

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 Course Code: HES 087
General Microbiology Lecture
Module #12 Student Activity Sheet

V. Salmonella

Reservoir: S. typhi found only in humans (colon)

S. enteritidis is found in enteric tract of humans and animals (e.g. chickens and domestic livestock)
Transmission: S. typhi is transmitted via fecal-oral route
Virulence Factors: Motile (H-antigen)
Capsule (called the Vi antigen) protects from the intracellular killing; siderophores

Salmonella-Shigella Tragic Love

Story

Salmonella and Shigella had a happy

relationship. They used to work together
for a various purpose such as on SS Agar
media for getting nutrition and
survivability.
One day Salmonella felt that he has
fallen in love with Shigella. Salmonella
expressed his feeling to Shigella but
Shigella was unwilling to receive
Salmonella’s love because of her
parents. For that reason, Salmonella
planned that he and Shigella should run
off in secret and get married without
telling anyone – even their parents.
UNFORTUNATELY,
Shigella can’t to do that.
Why?
Because Shigella is a Non-motile
microbe. She cannot move.

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 Course Code: HES 087
General Microbiology Lecture
Module #12 Student Activity Sheet

VI. Yersinia pestis

Reservoir: Wild Rodents (city rats, squirrels and

prairie dogs in the US)
Transmission: Flea bite
Contact with infected animal tissue
Inhaled aerosolized organisms: human to
human transmission occurs during epidemics

A few months ago, the world was shocked by media reports of a suspected case
of the bubonic plague – named the deadliest pandemic in human history, in the
Chinese region of Inner Mongolia. A local herdsman was taken to a hospital after
eating marmot meat.

A Bubonic plague within COVID-19 pandemic! Hopefully not...

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 Course Code: HES 087
General Microbiology Lecture
Module #12 Student Activity Sheet

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING

After studying this module, answer the following multiple-choice questions. You will answer this by yourself.

Choices for Items: 1-3:

A. ETEC C. EIEC
B. EPEC D. EHEC

1. Traveler’s watery diarrhea

A
Answer: __________
2. Bloody diarrhea marked with fever
C
Answer: ___________
3. Secretes shiga-like toxin transmitted via undercooked meat
D
Answer: ___________

4. Statement 1: Salmonella, a non-motile organism is transmitted via fecal-oral route

Statement 2: Salmonella has H Ag that protects the bacteria from intracellular killing
A. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false C. Both of the statements are true
B. Statement 2 is true; statement 1 is false D. Both of the statements are false
Answer: ___________
D

5. Statement 1: Shigella has low infective dose

Statement 2: Shigella is highly infectious
A. Statement 1 is true; statement 2 is false C. Both of the statements are true
B. Statement 2 is true; statement 1 is false D. Both of the statements are false
C
Answer: ___________

Match the clinical manifestations in Column A to their causative agent in Column B

Column A Column B
A. Salmonella typhi
C
___________6. Bacillary dysentery B. Proteus mirabilis
C. Shigella
D
___________7. Bubonic plague D. Yersinia pestis
E. Klebsiella pneumoniae
E
___________8. Friedlander’s pneumonia F. Escherichia coli

A
___________9. Enterocolitis and typhoid fever

B
___________10. UTI associated with nephrolithiasis

C. LESSON WRAP-UP

Feedback Exercise:

1) What bacteria can cause fried rice syndrome?

Bacillus cereus
2) What bacteria has a distinct ‘Chinese characters’ morphology?
Corynebacterium diphtheria; its metachromatic granules is also known as the Babes-ernst or Volutin granules

For next session, review Chapter 23, 24, and 27 of Jawetz’s Medical Microbiology

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