SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

BASIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS

(Dr. K.Murugesan, Professor, EEE Department, SRMIST, Ramapuram)

 Electronic components are the elements of an electronic circuit. They work together to create
wonderful modern electrical systems.
Active  possess gain, i.e. can amplify or energize the given signal

Active Passive Passive  do not possess gain, i.e. cannot amplify or energize the signal;
(Diode,Transistor, battery) (R, L, C, Transformers) but can only attenuate the signal
 Resistor is a component that resists the flow of current. Resistance is measured in unit of Ohm (Ω).
 Similar to water flow reduction in a narrow path from a wider path ,
water water

current R Ω current

resistor restricts or limits or controls the amount of current flowing through it to a desired value.

 The value of the resistance Some Forms of Resistors

can be identified from the
colour bands on its surface.

The resistor colour coding can be remembered easily by sentence:

“B B ROY of Great Britain has a Very Good Wife”. Example

01 234 5 6 7 8 9

1/ Resistance = Conductance. Unit: mho or Siemen

SRMIST, RAMAPURAM
SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Fixed Resistors

Types of Resistors (Based on uses, materials, construction technology, etc.)

Variable Resistors

Fixed Resistors

1. Surface Mount Technology 6. Metal Film Resistor

2. Carbon Film Resistor 7. 5-W Wire-Wound Resistor

3. Carbon Composition Resistor 8. PCB Mounting WWR

4. 1-W Resistor 9. High-Power Metal Film Resistor

5. Wire-Wound Resistor (WWR) 10. Fusible Wire-Wound Resistor

Variable Resistors

When a number of ‘n’ resistors are connected in series, the effective resistance is R= R 1+ R2+ . . . + Rn.
1 1 1 1
When they are connected in parallel, the effective resistance is    .. .  .
R R1 R 2 Rn
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Capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic
component with two terminals. It is also called as Condensor or Condensator.
 Most capacitors contain at least two electrical conductors often in the form of metallic plates or surfaces
separated by a dielectric medium.
 The conductor may be a foil, thin film, sintered bead of metal, or an electrolyte.
 Dielectric Materials commonly used are glass, ceramic, plastic film, paper, mica, air, and oxide layers.

SRMIST, RAMAPURAM
SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 Capacitors are simple passive devices that can store electrical charge on their plates when connected to a
voltage source, Q = C x V Coulombs.
 When used in a direct current or DC circuit, a capacitor charges up to its supply voltage but blocks the
flow of current through it because the dielectric of a capacitor is non-conductive and basically an insulator.
 When it is connected to an alternating current or AC circuit, the flow of the current appears to pass
straight through the capacitor with little or no resistance.
 The generalised equation for the capacitance of a parallel plate
capacitor is given as: C = ε (A / d)
where
ε represents the permittivity of the dielectric material
A is the cross-sectional area of the parallel plates
d is the distance between the parallel plates.
 The effect of capacitor is called the capacitance and is measured in
Farad. The inverse of capacitance is called the elastance and its
unit is daraf. Non-polarized Polarized

1 1 1 1
When ‘n’ number of capacitors are connected in series, the effective capacitance is    .. . 
C C1 C 2 Cn
When they are connected in parallel, the effective capacitance is C= C1+ C2+ . . . + Cn.
Types of Capacitors

SRMIST, RAMAPURAM
SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Applications of Capacitors

 Power Supply Smoothing

 Audio Frequency Coupling
 RF Coupling Capacitor Applications
 RF Decoupling Applications
 Tuned Circuits

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Inductor (also called a coil, choke, or reactor) is a passive two-terminal electrical component that stores
energy in a magnetic field when electric current flows through it. An inductor typically consists of an
insulated wire wound into a coil around a core.It works on Faraday’s law of Electromagnetic induction.
 An electric current flowing through a conductor generates a magnetic field surrounding it.
 The magnetic flux linkage generated by a given current depends on the geometric shape of the circuit.
Their ratio defines the inductance L.
 Many inductors have a magnetic core made of iron or ferrite inside the coil, which serves to increase the
magnetic field and thus the inductance.
 Inductor is characterized by its inductance, which is the ratio of the voltage to the rate of change of
current. The unit of inductance is the Henry (H), equivalent to weber/ampere.

SRMIST, RAMAPURAM
SRMIST, Ramapuram Campus Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

 They are used to block AC while allowing DC to pass. They are also used in electronic filters to separate
signals of different frequencies, and in combination with capacitors to make tuned circuits, used to tune
radio and TV receivers.
 Two (or more) inductors in proximity that have coupled magnetic flux (mutual inductance) form a
transformer, which is a fundamental component of every electric utility power grid.

Inductor types based on core

 Air Core Inductor

 Iron Core Inductor
 Ferrite Core Inductor
 Iron Powder Inductor
 Laminated Core Inductor
 Bobbin based inductor
 Toroidal Inductor
* When a number of inductors are connected in series, the total self
 Multi-layer Ceramic Inductors
inductance is given by LTotal = L1 + L2 + . . . + Ln When inductors
1 1 1 1
 Film Inductor are connected in parallel,    .. . 
 Variable Inductor L L1 L2 Ln
 Coupled Inductors * Mutual Inductance M is the interaction of one coil’s magnetic
field on another coil, as it induces a voltage in the adjacent coil.
* If two mutually coupled coils are * Mutually connected series inductors can be classed as either
connected in parallel, “Aiding” or “Opposing” the total inductance. If the magnetic flux

2 produced by the current flows through the coils in the same
L  L L M (Aiding)
1 2
& direction, then the coils are said to be Cumulatively Coupled. If
L  L  2M
1 2
the current flows through the coils in opposite directions then the

2

L  L L M (Opposing)
1 2 coils are said to be Differentially Coupled.
L  L  2M
1 2
* LTotal = L1 + L2 +2M (Aiding) LTotal = L1 + L2 -2M (Opposing)

Few Applications:
 Used extensively in analog circuits and signal processing. For example, removes ripple in power supplies.
 Small inductance of the ferrite rod installed around a cable to prevent radio frequency interference.
 Used as the energy storage device in many switched-mode power supplies to produce DC current.
 A tuned circuit (L and C) acts as a resonator in radio transmitters and receivers, as narrow bandpass filters to
select a single frequency from a composite signal, and in electronic oscillators to generate sinusoidal signals.
 Two (or more) inductors are used in the construction of a transformer (basic in electric utility power grid).
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Prepared By : Dr. K.Murugesan, Professor, EEE, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Supported By : Dr. K.N.Srinivas, Prof. & Head, EEE, SRMIST, Ramapuram campus

Call Toll-Free Number : 1800 102 1525

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