BBA- 1ST SEMESTER

SUBJECT- IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

UNIT-1
BASICS OF INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

TOPIC -1
BASICS AND COMPONENTS OF
IT SYSTEM

Lecture by - Ms. Muskan Sharma

MBA (Marketing & HR), Ph.D Scholar

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 learning objectives
Introduction to computers

Characterstics of computers

Components of computers

Evolution of computers

Generations of computers

Applications of computer

Advantages & Disadvantages of computers

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 LEARNING OUTCOME

LEARNING OUTCOME CO KL PO

Students will learn to research CO1: Explain the concepts of PO1: Apply knowledge of
technology problems, provide IT(H/W. S/W, Networking , K2 various
technology support, and to Security, Web Applications functional areas
learn
new technology tools. Students
will learn to acquire new skills,
independently

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

WHAT ARE THE APPLICATIONS OF
COMPUTERS IN YOUR DAILY LIFE?

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 Introduction to computers
The term computer is derived from the word compute. The
word compute means "to calculate." A computer is an
electronic machine that accepts user data, processes it
through computations and operations, and produces the
required output results. The computer executes both simple
and complex processes quickly and accurately.

A computer is an electronic device capable of accepting,

processing, and producing results. A computer system
consists of a computer, additional hardware, and software.
A computer system typically includes a CPU, memory,
input/output devices, and storage devices. All components
work together to achieve the intended effect.
Computer systems come in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Devices can range from high-end servers to personal
desktops, laptops, tablets, and smartphones.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 DATA
V/S
INFORMATION

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 Characteristics
A computer's major properties include speed, accuracy, diligence, storage, and
versatility. A basic review of these qualities includes—

SPEED
Speed The computer can process millions of instructions per second. Computers may speed up
calculations that would otherwise take hours or days. Examples include calculating and generating
salary slips for thousands of employees and analyzing enormous amounts of data on temperature,
pressure, and humidity in diverse locations.

ACCURACY
Computers deliver a great level of accuracy. The computer can precisely divide two integers up to ten
decimal places.

DILIGENCE
The computer does not become tired or fatigued after prolonged operation. It can complete difficult
calculations quickly and accurately from start to finish.

STRONG CAPABILITY
Large volumes of data and information can be stored in the computer and also retrieved whenever required. A
limited amount of data can be stored, temporarily, in the primary memory. Secondary storage devices like
floppy disk and compact disk can store a large amount of data permanently

VERSATILITY
The essence of a computer is versatile. It is capable of handling various duties with equal ease. You can use
the computer to create a written document in one instant, play music, or print a document in another.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

1) Which characteristic of computers ensures they can
work continuously without fatigue?

a) Accuracy
b) Automation
c) Diligence
d) Speed

2) What is one key characteristic of computers?

a) They require constant human intervention.

b) They are prone to frequent errors.
c) They can process data at very high speeds.
d) They have limited storage capacity.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

Answer: c) Diligence

Answer: c) They can process data at very

high speeds.
The basic elements of computer systems
Hardware: A computer's hardware consists of physical modules, including electronic and mechanical
components. The layout of these functional pieces is known as computer architecture, and it
demonstrates how they are Connected together.

Software: Instruct the computer to perform a specific task. A program is a sequence of instructions
used to do a certain task. Software is a collection of programs. Instructions, processes, and
publications, such as flowcharts and manuals, are used to describe computer operations and facilitate
user interaction.

Human Ware :refers to the personnel involved in the manufacturing and use of computers. These are
the interfaces between a machine and the end user.

Firmware: refers to hardware-based software. The computer can retrieve and use this software, but it
cannot be easily modified. These are the programs contained in the ROM chip. This ROM chip is
attached to the motherboard of the machine. Thus, it is a component of the CPU.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTERS
Every computer system has three basic components:
Input unit.
Central Processing Unit
Output Unit

A computer system's components include the input unit, output unit, and
CPU.
These three components are essentially responsible for a computer's
functionality. Effective collaboration is essential for optimal performance.
As a result, we can also refer to them as computer system building blocks.

Input Unit
These components allow users to enter data and commands into computer
systems. Data can take various forms, including numbers, phrases,
activities, and commands. Input devices send commands and data to
computers. Computers use its CPU to process input and generate output.

For example, a laptop's keyboard is an input device that accepts numbers

and characters.Similarly, a mouse can be used as an input device for
entering directions and orders.
BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTERS
Central Processing Unit (CPU)A computer system processes
user-provided data and commands based on instructions. This
requires the use of a central processing unit. The CPU further
employs these three elements:

a) Memory Unit.When users submit data using input devices, the

computer system saves it in its memory unit. This data will now be
stored here until other CPU components process it. The memory unit
sends pre-programmed instructions to other elements of the CPU.

b) Arithmetic and Logic Unit.This section of the CPU handles

arithmetic operations. It does simple mathematical computations
such as addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication. It can also
execute logical functions, such as data comparisons.

c) Control unit.This unit is the foundation of computers. It

coordinates tasks across all computer system components. The quicklearncomputer.medium.com/

control unit takes data from input units and routes it to processing
units based on its nature. Finally, it sends processed data to output
units for users.
BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTERS

Output Unit

The output unit is the computer's third and

final component. After processing, data is
turned into a human-readable format. The
output units display the converted data to
consumers. Typical output devices include
monitors, displays, printers, and speakers.
Output units repeat computer-formatted
data for user benefit.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

3)Which of the following is used to capture sound as
an input?

a) Webcam
b) Microphone
c) Scanner
d) Plotter

4)Which of the following is an example of an output

device that produces audio?

a) Monitor
b) Printer
c) Speaker
d) Keyboard

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

5)What does the CPU stand for?

a) Central Processing Unit

b) Central Programming Unit
c) Control Processing Unit
d) Core Processing Unit

6)What is the primary role of the CPU in a computer?

a) To store data
b) To manage network connections
c) To execute instructions and process data
d) To control display settings

7)Which of the following is a major component of the CPU?

a) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

b) RAM (Random Access Memory)
c) HDD (Hard Disk Drive)
d) GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)
BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
Answer: b) Microphone

Answer: c) Speaker

Answer: a) Central Processing Unit

Answer: c) To execute instructions and process data

Answer: a) ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS
The evolution of computer technology began in the 19th century when people desired
machines for mathematical calculations. The ABACUS, a simple calculation device, is
considered the first computer in the world.

Pascal later developed the PASCALINE, a machine with gears for mathematical
calculations. However, the concept of a modern computer was introduced by Charles
Babbage, who proposed the Analytical Engine and Difference Engine based on logic and
loops. While these models existed only on paper during Babbage's time due to the lack of
electronics, they laid the foundation for future implementations after the invention of
electronics.

Blaise Pascal had developed the first mechanical calculator in 1642 AD, which is called
'Pascaline'.
It could only do addition and subtraction, with numbers being entered by manipulating
its dials.
Charles Babbage
British scientist Charles Babbage was the first person to conceive an automatic Polymath and mathematician
calculator or a computer in 1833.

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) was the world's first general-
purpose electronic computer. ENIAC is also considered the world's first programmable
computer.
BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
World's first
computer
programmer
Ada Lovelace

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 https://www.alphamedicalmanagement.com/?e=evolution-of-computers-in-hindi-qq-VNdk6whY

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

Von Neumann Architecture

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Neumann_architecture

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
From the simple calculator to a modern day powerful data processor, computing devices have evolved in a relatively short span of time. The
evolution of computing devices in shown through a timeline

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
First Generation of Computers
(1940s-1950s):
Main electronic component: Vacuum tubes.
Main memory: Magnetic drums and magnetic
tapes.
Programming language: Machine language.
Power: Consumed significant electricity and
generated a lot of heat.
Speed and size: Very slow and large, often taking
up entire rooms. Input/output devices: Punched
cards and paper tape.

Notable examples: ENIAC, UNIVAC1, IBM 650,

IBM 701, etc.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
Second Generation of Computers
(1950s-1960s)

Main electronic component: Transistors. Memory:

Magnetic core and magnetic tape/disk.
Programming language: Assembly language.
Power and size: Lower power consumption, less heat
generation, and smaller size compared to the first
generation.
Speed: Improved speed and reliability compared to the
first generation. Input/output devices: Punched cards
and magnetic tape.

Notable examples: IBM 1401, IBM 7090, UNIVAC 1107,

etc.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
Third Generation of Computers
(1960s-1970s)

Main electronic component: Integrated circuits

(ICs).
Memory: Large magnetic core, magnetic
tape/disk.
Programming language: High-level languages
(FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal, COBOL, C, etc.).
Size: Smaller, more cost-effective, and more
efficient, often referred to as minicomputers.
Speed: Improved speed and reliability compared
to the second generation. Input/output devices:
Magnetic tape, keyboard, monitor, printer, etc.

Notable examples: IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11,

UNIVAC 1108, etc.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
Fourth Generation of Computers (1970s-Present)

Main electronic component: Very Large- Scale Integration (VLSI) and

microprocessors.
Memory: Semiconductor memory (RAM, ROM, etc.).
RAM (Random-Access Memory): Temporary storage of programs and
data (volatile). ROM (Read-Only Memory): Permanent storage of data
and programs (non-volatile). Programming language: High-level
languages (Python, C#, Java, JavaScript, Rust, Kotlin, etc.).
Size: Smaller, cost-effective, and efficient compared to third
generation computers.
Speed: Improved speed, accuracy, and reliability compared to the
third generation.
Input/output devices: Keyboard, pointing devices, optical scanning,
monitor, printer, etc.
Network: Computer systems can be linked together.

Notable examples: IBM PC, STAR 1000, Apple II, Apple Macintosh, etc.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 GENERATION OF COMPUTERS
Fifth Generation of Computers (Present and
Future)

Main electronic component: Artificial intelligence, Ultra Large-

Scale Integration (ULSI) technology, and parallel processing.
ULSI: Millions of transistors on a single microchip.
Parallel processing: Using multiple microprocessors to run tasks
simultaneously. Language: Understands natural human language.
Power: Lower power consumption and reduced heat generation.
Speed: Remarkable improvement in speed, accuracy, and
reliability compared to the fourth generation.
Size: Portable and compact with large storage capacity.
Input/output devices: Keyboard, monitor, mouse, trackpad,
touchscreen, speech input, light scanner, printer, etc.

Examples: Desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

How are computers typically used in business?

IN HEALTHCARE

IN ENTERTAINMENT

IN TEXTILE

IN EDUCATION

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTERS
Computers have a wide range of applications across various fields, significantly impacting how we live and work.
Here are some key areas where computers are extensively used:

Education:
Online learning platforms and virtual classrooms
Educational software and tools
Research and data analysis
Administration and management

Healthcare:
Electronic health records (EHR)
Medical imaging and diagnostics
Telemedicine and remote consultations
Research and development of treatments

Business:
Accounting and financial management
Customer relationship management (CRM)
Supply chain and inventory management
Human resources and payroll systems BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
Science and Engineering:
Simulation and modeling
Data analysis and visualization
Design and manufacturing processes (CAD/CAM)
Research and development

Entertainment:
Video games and interactive media
Movie and music production
Streaming services and digital content delivery
Virtual and augmented reality experiences

Communication:
Email and instant messaging
Social media platforms
Video conferencing and VoIP services
Collaborative tools and software

Government and Public Services:

E-government services and online portals
Public safety and emergency response systems
Infrastructure management and urban planning
Data collection and analysis for policy-making
BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
Finance:
Online banking and financial transactions
Stock trading and investment management
Risk assessment and fraud detection
Financial modeling and forecasting

Transportation:
Traffic management and control systems
Navigation and GPS services
Autonomous vehicles and drones
Logistics and fleet management

Personal Use:
Personal productivity (word processing, spreadsheets,
etc.)
Home automation and smart devices
Personal finance management
Social networking and entertainment
These applications demonstrate the versatility and
essential role of computers in modern society
BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
 ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS
1. Automation and Efficiency
Increased Productivity: Computers can perform repetitive tasks quickly and accurately, freeing up human
resources for more complex and creative work.
Cost Savings: Automation reduces the need for manual labor, leading to cost savings in various industries.
Consistency and Precision: Computers can perform tasks with a high degree of accuracy and without
fatigue, ensuring consistent quality.

2. Data Storage and Management

Large Capacity: Computers can store vast amounts of data in a compact form, making it easy to access and
manage information.
Organization and Retrieval: Advanced database systems allow for efficient organization, retrieval, and
manipulation of data.

3. Communication and Connectivity

Global Communication: Computers facilitate instant communication through email, messaging apps, and video
conferencing, connecting people worldwide.
Access to Information: The internet provides access to a wealth of information and resources, enhancing
learning and research capabilities.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

4. Education and Learning
E-Learning: Computers enable online education and remote learning, making education accessible to
people regardless of their location.
Interactive Learning: Educational software and multimedia resources make learning more engaging and
interactive.

5. Business and Commerce

E-Commerce: Computers enable online shopping, expanding market reach and providing convenience to
consumers.
Data Analysis: Businesses use computers for data analysis, helping them make informed decisions and
improve their operations.

6. Healthcare
Medical Records: Electronic health records improve the management of patient information and
streamline healthcare processes.
Diagnostics and Treatment: Computers aid in medical diagnostics, imaging, and treatment planning,
enhancing patient care.

7. Entertainment and Media

Digital Media: Computers allow for the creation, distribution, and consumption of digital media, including
music, movies, and games.
Content Creation: Computers provide tools for creating and editing multimedia content, democratizing
content production.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS
1. Dependency and Overreliance
Overdependence: Excessive reliance on computers can lead to a lack of basic skills and knowledge.
System Failures: Dependence on computers makes individuals and organizations vulnerable to system
failures and technical issues.

2. Cybersecurity Threats
Data Breaches: Computers are susceptible to hacking, leading to data breaches and loss of sensitive
information.
Cyber Attacks: Malware, viruses, and other cyber threats can disrupt operations and cause significant
damage.

3. Privacy Concerns
Surveillance: The use of computers and the internet can lead to increased surveillance and loss of privacy.
Data Misuse: Personal information can be collected and misused by companies or malicious actors.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTERS
4. Health Issues
Physical Strain: Prolonged use of computers can cause physical health issues such as eyestrain, repetitive
strain injuries (RSIs), and poor posture.
Mental Health: Overuse of computers and the internet can contribute to mental health issues like anxiety,
depression, and social isolation.

6. Social Impacts
Digital Divide: Access to computers and the internet is not universal, leading to a digital divide between
different socioeconomic groups.
Reduced Social Interaction: Excessive use of computers can lead to reduced face-to-face social
interactions and weakened interpersonal relationships.

7. Job Displacement
Automation: The automation of tasks through computers can lead to job displacement and unemployment
in certain sectors.
Skill Obsolescence: Rapid technological advancements can render certain skills and professions obsolete,
necessitating continuous learning and adaptation.
BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS
 CONCLUSION
Computers have become integral to modern life, playing a crucial role in various sectors such as education,
healthcare, finance, and entertainment. The basics of computers encompass several key components:
hardware, which includes input and output devices, central processing units (CPU), memory units, and
storage devices; and software, which involves system software like operating systems and application
software.

The evolution of computers is marked by significant milestones, beginning with the early mechanical
calculating devices and moving through the development of electronic computers in the mid-20th century.
The journey of computer evolution is categorized into five generations. The first generation (1940-1956) used
vacuum tubes, the second generation (1956-1963) employed transistors, the third generation (1964-1971)
introduced integrated circuits, the fourth generation (1971-present) saw the advent of microprocessors, and
the fifth generation (present and beyond) focuses on artificial intelligence and advanced parallel processing.

Computers' applications are vast and continually expanding. In education, they facilitate e-learning and
research; in healthcare, they support patient management and medical diagnostics; in finance, they enable
online banking and complex data analysis; and in entertainment, they power video games and digital media.
The ongoing advancements in computer technology continue to shape and enhance numerous aspects of
daily life and professional activities, underscoring the importance of understanding the basics of computers.

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS

 REFRENCES
1. Introduction to information technology, Dhingra S and Tondon A,
Galgotia Publications.
2. Fundamentals of Information technology, c Leon, Second Edition, Vikas
Publishing House.
3. Information technology for management, Behl R, Mc Graw Hill
Education
4. Computer Fundamentals, Pradeep K. Sinha and Priti Sinha, BPB publications

Sources from internet-

https://gpnanakpur.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/computerfundamentals-e-
notes.pdf https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/kecs101.pdf

BBA 111:IT APPLICATIONS IN BUSINESS