MBB.IntroProb13.

ch15sec3

TRUE/FALSE

1. When the direction (and not the magnitude) of the difference within each matched paired in a
paired experiment is known, the sign test can be used while the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test
cannot be used.

ANS: T PTS: 1

2. The Sign test or Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test are nonparametric tests that can be used to
compare two dependent samples when the assumptions for a t-test are invalid.

ANS: T PTS: 1

3. The sign test is always to be preferred to the t test.

ANS: F PTS: 1

4. In a normal approximation to the sign test, the standardized test statistic is calculated as z =
2.17. If the alternative hypothesis states that the location of population 1 is to the right of the
location of population 2, then the p-value of the test is 0.015.

ANS: T PTS: 1

5. The sign test is employed to compare two populations when the experimental design is
matched pairs, and the data are ordinal but not normally distributed.

ANS: T PTS: 1

6. One of the required conditions of the sign test is that the number of nonzero differences n
must be greater than or equal to 30.

ANS: F PTS: 1

7. The sign test is a nonparametric test that 1) uses the directions of differences observed in a
matched pairs sample to determine whether the relative frequency distributions of two
statistical populations are identical to or different from one another and 2) determines whether
a sample comes from a population with a specified median.

ANS: F PTS: 1

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The sign test is a nonparametric procedure for testing:

a. whether two populations have identical means

b. whether two populations have identical medians
c. whether two populations have identical probability distributions
d. the amount of skewness in a single population
 e. none of these
ANS: C PTS: 1

2. Which one of the following is not a reason why one might use a sign test to make a
comparison between two populations?

a. Some studies yield responses which are difficult to quantify.

b. It is easy to use the sign-testing procedure.
c. The data in question consist of count data.
d. No assumptions need to be made about the form of the population probability
distributions.
e. Some studies yield responses which are difficult to quantify and the data in
question consist of count data.
ANS: C PTS: 1

3. In the case of the sign test, the null hypothesis is of the form:

a. there is a difference in the probability distribution for the two populations

b. there is no difference in the probability distribution for the two populations
c. the two populations in questions are both normally distributed
d.
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1

4. Which one of the following is a disadvantage of the sign test?

a. Tied pairs are not considered in the analysis.

b. Only the signs of the differences and not the actual values are used in the analysis.
c. Its inability to cope with small samples.
d. Results from such tests have little practical use.
e. None of these.
ANS: B PTS: 1

5. A nonparametric method to compare two populations, when the samples are matched pairs
and the data are ordinal, is the:

a. Wilcoxon signed rank sum test

b. sign test
c. Wilcoxon rank sum test
d. matched pairs t-test
e. chi-square test
ANS: B PTS: 1

6. In a normal approximation to the sign test, the standardized test statistic is calculated as z = -
1.58. To test the alternative hypothesis that the location of population 1 is to left of the
location of population 2, the p-value of the test is:
 a. 0.1142
b. 0.2215
c. 0.0571
d. 0.2284
ANS: C PTS: 1

7. In the sign test applications, the normal approximation to the binomial distribution works very
well even when the number of nonzero differences is as small as:

a. 5
b. 10
c. 15
d. 25
e. 30
ANS: B PTS: 1

8. Which of the following correctly describes the sign test?

a. It often uses the directions of differences observed in matched-pairs sample to

determine whether the relative frequency distributions of two statistical
populations are identical to or different from one another.
b. It is often used to determine whether a sample comes from a population with a
specified median.
c. It is often used to determine whether a sample comes from a population with a
specified mean.
d. Both it often uses the directions of differences observed in matched-pairs sample to
determine whether the relative frequency distributions of two statistical
populations are identical to or different from one another and it is often used to
determine whether a sample comes from a population with a specified median.
e. Neither it often uses the directions of differences observed in matched-pairs
sample to determine whether the relative frequency distributions of two statistical
populations are identical to or different from one another nor it is often used to
determine whether a sample comes from a population with a specified median.
ANS: D PTS: 1

PROBLEM

1. Twenty students are given an attitude test before and after viewing a motion picture designed
to change their attitudes favorably toward a new curriculum. A high score indicates a
favorable attitude and a low score indicates an unfavorable attitude, with the scores ranging
from 1 to 30. This problem will use the sign test on the data given below to see if we can
conclude the motion picture was successful in improving attitudes.
Describe what the test statistic is for the sign test.

________________________________________________________

What is the value of the test statistic in this problem?

______________

Is this a one-tailed test or a two-tailed test?

______________

Find the rejection region for = 0.10.

Reject when T > ______________

Using as above, can we conclude the motion picture was successful in changing
attitudes?

______________

Conclusion: The motion picture was ______________ in changing attitudes.

At what level of significance could we reject H0?

______________

ANS:
Let x be the number of times the "After" measurement was larger than the "Before"
measurement; that is, number of times where (After - Before) is positive.; 13; one-tailed; 12;
Reject the null hypothesis; successful; .058

PTS: 1
2. A car dealer was interested in comparing two brands of tires to see if they yielded different
wear length (in thousands of miles). The dealer selected eight cars at random and used each of
the brands of tires on each car. The wear length was recorded as follows:

Use the sign test to see if the distribution of wear length is the same for both brands of tires.
Use = 0.05.

The null and alternate hypotheses are:

: The distributions of wear length are identical for the two brands of tires, and p = 0.50.
: The distributions of wear length are not identical for the two brands of tires, and p 0.50.

What is the test statistic?

x = ______________

What is the p-value for the test statistic?

______________

Conclusion ______________

Conclude that the distributions of wear length for the two brands of tires are
______________.

ANS:
3; .726; Fail to reject the null hypothesis; identical

PTS: 1
3. A dog kennel manager was interested in determining whether there is a difference in the time
it takes a dog to complete an obstacle course for two different courses. A random sample of 36
dogs was selected and the time it took each dog to complete each course was recorded. In
twelve cases it took the dog longer to complete course #1. Use the normal approximation to
the sign test to determine if there is a significant difference in the time it takes to complete the
two obstacle courses. Use = 0.05.

The null and alternate hypotheses are:

: The distributions of completion time for an obstacle course are identical for the two
different courses, and p = 0.50.

: The distributions of completion time for an obstacle course are not identical for the two
different courses, and p 0.50.

What is the z-statistic?

______________

What is the critical value for the test statistic?

Reject if |z| > ______________

______________

Conclude that the distributions of completion time for an obstacle course are
______________ for the two different courses.

ANS:
-2.0; 1.96; Reject the null hypothesis; different

PTS: 1

4. A paired-difference experiment was conducted to compare two populations. The data are
shown in the table. Use a sign test to determine whether the population distributions are
different.

The null and alternate hypotheses are as follows:

 Determine an appropriate rejection region with 0.01.

Critical Values: ______________ Enter n1, n2

Calculate the observed value of the test statistic.

______________

Conclude: ______________

The data present ______________ evidence to indicate that populations 1 and 2 are different.

ANS:
0,7; 6; Do not reject the null hypothesis; insufficient

PTS: 1

5. Two gourmets, A and B, rated 22 meals on a scale of 1 to 10. The data are shown in the table.
Do the data provide sufficient evidence to indicate that one of the gourmets tends to give
higher ratings than the other?

Test by using the sign test with a value of near 0.05.

The null and alternate hypotheses are as follows:

Critical Value approach:

What is the test statistic?

______________

Use the binomial tables to find the exact rejection region for the test.

Reject if x ______________ or x ______________

Conclude:

______________

There ______________ enough evidence to indicate a difference between the two gourmets.

p-value approach:

Test Statistic:

______________

p-value = ______________

Conclude:

______________

There is ______________ enough evidence to indicate a difference between the two

gourmets.

Use the large-sample z statistic for testing. (NOTE: Although the large-sample Approximation
is suggested for 25, it works fairly well for values of n as small as 15.)

The large sample z-statistic is:

 ______________

The two-tailed rejection region is |z| > ______________.

Conclude:

______________

There is ______________ enough evidence to indicate a difference between the two

gourmets.

Compare the results of the two tests.

The two tests give ______________ results.

ANS:
11; 5; 15; Do not reject the null hypothesis; is not; 11; .824; Do not reject the null hypothesis;
is not; .22; 1.96; Do not reject the null hypothesis; is not; the same

PTS: 1

6. It is important to sponsors of television shows that viewers remember as much as possible

about the commercials. The advertising executive of a large company is trying to decide
which of two commercials to use on a weekly half-hour comedy. To help make a decision she
decides to have 12 individuals watch both commercials. After each viewing, each respondent
is given a quiz consisting of 10 questions. The number of correct responses is recorded and
listed below. Assume that the quiz results are not normally distributed.

Do these data provide enough evidence at the 5% significance level to conclude that the two
commercials differ?
 z-statistic = ______________

Reject if |z| > ______________

Conclusion: ______________

The data ______________ enough evidence at the 5% significance level to conclude that the
two commercials differ

ANS:
-2.53; 1.96; Reject the null hypothesis; does not provide

PTS: 1

7. Ten secretaries were selected at random from among the secretaries of a large university. The
typing speed (number of words per minute) was recorded for each secretary on two different
brands of computer keyboards. Assume that the typing speeds are not normally distributed.
The following results were obtained.

Test to determine if these data provide enough evidence at the 5% significance level to infer
that the brands differ with respect to typing speed.

z-statistic = ______________

Reject if |z| > ______________

Conclusion: ______________
 These data ______________ enough evidence at the 5% significance level to infer that the
brands differ with respect to typing speed.

ANS:
.63; 1.96; Fail to reject the null hypothesis; don't provide

PTS: 1

8. In general, before an academic publisher agrees to publish a book, each manuscript is

thoroughly reviewed by university professors. Suppose that the Duxbury Publishing Company
has recently received two manuscripts for statistics books. To help them decide which one to
publish both are sent to 30 professors of statistics who rate the manuscripts to judge which
one is better. Suppose that 10 Professors rate manuscript 1 better and 20 rate manuscript 2
better. Can Duxbury conclude at the 5% significance level that manuscript 2 is more highly
rated than manuscript 1?

z-statistic = ______________

Reject if z < ______________

Conclusion: ______________

Duxbury ______________ conclude at the 5% significance level that manuscript 2 is more

highly rated than manuscript 1.

What is the p-value of the test you just conducted?

______________

ANS:
-1.83; -1.64; Reject the null hypothesis; can; .0336

PTS: 1

9. A supermarket chain has its own house brand of ice cream. The general manager claims that
her ice cream is better than the ice cream sold by a well-known ice cream parlor chain. To test
the claim 40 individuals are randomly selected to participate in the following experiment.
Each respondent is given the two brands of ice cream to taste (without any identification) and
asked to judge which one is better. Suppose that 25 people judge the ice cream parlor brand
better, four say that the brands taste the same, and the rest claim that the supermarket brand is
better. Can we conclude at the 1% significance level that the general managers' claim is false?

Test statistic:
 z-statistic = ______________

Rejection region:

Reject if the z-statistic ______________.

Conclusion: ______________

We ______________ conclude at the 1% significance level that the general managers' claim is
false.

What is the p-value for the above test?

______________

ANS:
-2.85; -2.33; Reject the null hypothesis; can; .0022

PTS: 1

10. A matched pairs experiment yielded the following results:

Number of positive differences = 20,

Number of negative differences = 8
Number of zero differences = 2

Can we infer at the 5% significance level that the location of population 1 is to the right of the
location of population 2?

Test statistic:

z-statistic = ______________

Rejection region:

Reject if the z-statistic ______________.

Conclusion: ______________

We ______________ infer at the 5% significance level that the location of population 1 is to

the right of the location of population 2.
ANS:
2.27; 1.645; Reject the null hypothesis; can

PTS: 1