Eurocode

Design Procedure
Eurocode
Design Procedure

This material explains the design procedure of RC and steel structure design as per EN1992-1-1:2004 and
EN1993-1-1:2005. For the detail implementation and usage of Eurocode design in midas Gen, refer to
“Eurocode2 Design Guide for midas Gen” and “Eurocode3 Design Guide for midas Gen”.
 1 Flexure Design in Beams
Design Procedure of Concrete Structure to Eurocode2

Start

Determine Design Moments

by Elastic Analysis

Concrete Class ≤ No
Outside scope of this flow chart
C50/60
Yes

Determine K from
𝑀
𝐾= 2
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘

Determine K’ from
𝐾′= 0.60δ − 0.18𝛿 2 − 0.21
where, δ is distribution ratio

Is K ≤ K’?
Yes No

No compression rebar required Compression rebar required

Lever Arm, z from Lever Arm, z from

𝑑 𝑑
Z= 1 + 1 − 3.53𝐾 ≤ 0.95 Z= 1 + 1 − 3.53𝐾
2 2

Calculate tens. Rebar required from Calculate comp. rebar required from
(𝑘−𝑘 ′ )𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2
𝑀 𝐴𝑠2 =
𝐴𝑠 = 𝑓𝑠𝑐 (𝑑−𝑑2 )
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑧
𝑥−𝑑2
where 𝑓𝑠𝑐 = 700[ ] ≤ 𝑓𝑦𝑑
𝑥

Check minimum rebar Requirements Calculate tens. Rebar required from

0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑 𝑘 ′ 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑 2 𝑓
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝐴𝑠 = +𝐴𝑠2 𝑠𝑐
𝑓𝑦𝑘 𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑧 𝑓𝑦𝑑

Check maximum reinforcement requirements 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04 𝐴𝑐

for tension or compression reinforcement outside lap locations

Design complete

1 Design Procedure of Concrete Structure

 2 Shear Design in Beams
Design Procedure of Concrete Structure to Eurocode2

Start

Determine design shear stress, 𝑣𝐸𝑑 = 𝑉𝐸𝑑 /(𝑏𝑤 𝑧)

Determine concrete strut capacity, 𝑣𝑅𝑑,max cot 𝜃=2.5

(Table 1.1)

No Is 𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,max cot 𝜃=1.0 ? No Redesign

Is 𝑉𝐸𝑑 < 𝑉𝑅𝑑,max cot 𝜃=2.5 ? section
(Table 1.1)

Yes Yes
(cotθ=2.5)
Determine 𝜃 from
𝑣𝐸𝑑
θ = 0.5𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [ ]
𝑓
0.20𝑓𝑐𝑘 1 − 𝑐𝑘
250

Calculate area of shear reinforcement

𝐴𝑆𝑊 𝑣𝐸𝑑 𝑏𝑤
=
𝑠 𝑓𝑦𝑤𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃

Check maximum spacing for vertical shear reinforcement

𝑠𝑙,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.75𝑑

Design complete

Table 1.1 Minimum and maximum concrete strut capacity in terms of stress

fck vRd,max cot y = 2.5 vRd,max cot y = 1.0

20 2.54 3.68
25 3.1 4.5
28 3.43 4.97
30 3.64 5.28
32 3.84 5.58
35 4.15 6.02
40 4.63 6.72
45 5.08 7.38
50 5.51 8

Eurocode2 2
 3 Braced Column Design
Design Procedure of Concrete Structure to Eurocode2

Start

Determine Design Axial Force, NEd, and Moments, Mtop and Mbottom
by Elastic Analysis

Determine the effective length, lo

(Figure 1.1)

Determine first order moments (Figure 1.2)

𝑀01 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑝 , 𝑀𝑏𝑜𝑡 + 𝑒𝑖 𝑁𝐸𝑑
𝑀02 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑀𝑡𝑜𝑝 , 𝑀𝑏𝑜𝑡 + 𝑒𝑖 𝑁𝐸𝑑
𝑙0 ℎ
where 𝑒𝑖 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 , , 20 (unit: mm)
400 30

Determine slenderness, λ, from

l = lo/i where i = radius of gyration

Determine slenderness limit, λ𝑙𝑖𝑚 , from

20𝐴𝐵𝐶
λ𝑙𝑖𝑚 =
𝑛0.5

No Column is slender
Is λ ≤ λ𝑙𝑖𝑚 ?
(refer to page 5)

Yes
Column is not slender.
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑀02

Find As required for NEd and MEd

by iteration calculation

Check rules for spacing and quantity of

reinforcement

Design complete

3 Design Procedure of Concrete Structure

 3 Braced Column Design
Design Procedure of Concrete Structure to Eurocode2

Figure 1.1 Effective length for isolated members

a) lo=l b) lo=2l c) lo=0.7l d) lo=l/2 e) lo=l f) l/2 <lo< l g) lo> 2l

Figure 1.2 Design Bending Moments

M02

M eiNEd M02

M0e M0e+M2
N2=NEde2

M01 0.5M2 M01+0.5M2

First order moment Second order moment Total moment

Eurocode2 4
 4 Slender Column Design
Design Procedure of Concrete Structure to Eurocode2

Slender Column

Determine Kr from 𝐾𝑟 = 𝑛𝑢 − 𝑛 𝑛𝑢 − 𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙 ≤ 1

where, 𝑛 = 𝑁𝐸𝑑 / 𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑 ,
𝑛𝑢 = 1 + 𝜔
𝑛𝑏𝑎𝑙 = 0.4
𝜔 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦𝑑 / 𝐴𝑐 𝑓𝑐𝑑

Calculate Kφ from 𝐾𝜑 = 1 + 𝛽𝜑𝑒𝑓 ≥ 1

where, 𝛽 = 0.35 + 𝑓𝑐𝑘 /200 − λ/150

Calculate e2 from
𝐾𝑟 𝐾𝜑 𝑓𝑦𝑑 2
𝑒2 = 0.1( )𝑙
0.45𝑑𝐸𝑠 0

𝑀0𝑒 = 0.6𝑀02 + 0.4𝑀01 ≥ 0.4𝑀02

𝑀2 = 𝑁𝐸𝑑 𝑒2
𝑀𝐸𝑑 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥{𝑀02 , 𝑀0𝑒 + 𝑀2 , 𝑀01 + 0.5𝑀2 }

Find As required for NEd and MEd

Revise value of 𝐴𝑠,𝑒𝑠𝑡
by iteration calculation

No
Is 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 ≈ 𝐴𝑠,𝑒𝑠𝑡 ?

Yes

Check detailing requirements

Design complete

5 Design Procedure of Concrete Structure

 5 Flexure Design in Slabs
Design Procedure of Concrete Structure to Eurocode2

Start

Determine Design Moments

by Elastic Analysis

Concrete Class ≤ No
Outside scope of this flow chart
C50/60

Yes

Determine K from
𝑀
𝐾= 2
𝑏𝑑 𝑓𝑐𝑘

Determine K’ from
𝐾 ′ = 0.60δ − 0.18𝛿 2 − 0.21

No Compression rebar required

Is K ≤ K’?
Not recommended for typical slabs
Yes

No compression rebar required

Lever Arm, z from

𝑑
Z= 1 + 1 − 3.53𝐾 ≤ 0.95
2

Calculate tens. Rebar required from

𝑀
𝐴𝑠 =
𝑓𝑦𝑑 𝑧

Check minimum rebar Requirements

0.26𝑓𝑐𝑡𝑚 𝑏𝑡 𝑑
𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝑓𝑦𝑘

Check maximum reinforcement

requirements 𝐴𝑠,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.04 𝐴𝑐
for tension or compression
reinforcement outside lap locations

Design complete

Eurocode2 6
 1 Simply Supported Beams
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

Start

Determine Design Force, MEd, VEd, REd

by Elastic Analysis

Assume steel grade, fy and beam size

Check section classification

(Table 2.1)

For Class 1 or 2, For Class 3,

Evaluate moment resistance Evaluate moment resistance
𝑊𝑝𝑙 𝑓𝑦 𝑊𝑒𝑙,𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑀𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑀𝑒𝑙,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀0 𝛾𝑀0

Verify 𝑀𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑

Evaluate shear resistance

𝑓𝑦
𝐴𝑣 ( )
3
𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑉𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀0

Verify 𝑉𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑉𝑐,𝑅𝑑

ℎ𝑤 𝜀
Verify shear buckling in webs > 72
𝑡𝑤 η

If 𝑉𝐸𝑑 > 0.5𝑉𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 , verify 𝑀𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑀𝑦,𝑉,𝑅𝑑

𝜌𝐴2
[𝑊𝑝𝑙,𝑦 − 4𝑡 𝑤 ]𝑓𝑦
2
where, 𝑀𝑦,𝑉,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀0

LTB
(page10)

Design complete

7 Design Procedure of Steel Structure

 1 Simply Supported Beams
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

Table 2.1 Maximum width-to-thickness ratio for compression parts

Internal compression parts

Part subject to Part subject to Part subject to bending and

Class
bending compression compression

Stress distribution
in parts
(Compression
positive)

𝑐 396𝜀
α > 0.5: ≤
1 c/t≤ 72𝜀 c/t≤ 33𝜀 𝑡 13𝛼 − 1
𝑐 36𝜀
α ≤ 0.5: ≤
𝑡 𝛼
𝑐 456𝜀
α > 0.5: ≤
2 c/t≤ 83𝜀 c/t≤ 38𝜀 𝑡 13𝛼 − 1
𝑐 41.5𝜀
α ≤ 0.5: ≤
𝑡 𝛼

Stress distribution
in parts
(Compression
positive)

𝑐 42𝜀
Ψ ≻ −1: ≤
3 c/t≤ 124𝜀 c/t≤ 42𝜀 𝑡 0.67 + 0.33Ψ
𝑐
Ψ ≤ −1: ≤ 62𝜀(1 − Ψ) (−Ψ)
𝑡
fy 235 275 355 420 460
𝜀= 235/𝑓𝑦
ε 1.00 0.92 0.81 0.75 0.71

Eurocode3 8
 1 Simply Supported Beams
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

Table 2.1 Maximum width-to-thickness ratio for compression parts (continued)

Outstand Flanges

Part subject to Part subject to bending and compression

Class
compression Tip in compression Tip in tension
Stress distribution
in parts
(Compression
positive)
9𝜀 9𝜀
1 c/t≤ 9𝜀 c/t ≤ c/t ≤
𝛼 𝛼 𝛼
10𝜀 10𝜀
2 c/t≤ 10𝜀 c/t ≤ c/t ≤
𝛼 𝛼 𝛼
3 c/t≤ 14𝜀 c/t≤ 21𝜀 𝐾𝑒

Angles

Class Section in compression

Stress distribution
in parts
(Compression
positive)
h 𝑏+ℎ
3 ≤ 15𝜀: 11.5𝜀
t 2𝑡
Tubular sections

Class Section in compression

1 𝑑/𝑡 ≤ 50𝜀 2
2 𝑑/𝑡 ≤ 70𝜀 2
3 𝑑/𝑡 ≤ 90𝜀 2

9 Design Procedure of Steel Structure

 1 Simply Supported Beams
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

LTB

Determine non-dimensional slenderness,

𝑊𝑦 𝑓𝑦
λത 𝐿𝑇 =
𝑀𝑐𝑟

Yes
If λത𝐿𝑇 ≤ 0.4

No

Determine χ𝐿𝑇 for non-dimensional slenderness

1
χ𝐿𝑇 =
Φ𝐿𝑇 + Φ𝐿𝑇 2
− λത 2𝐿𝑇
Φ𝐿𝑇 = 0.5[1 + 𝛼𝐿𝑇 λ𝐿𝑇 − 0.2 + λത 2𝐿𝑇 ]

Determine h/b and imperfection factor, αLT

(Table 2.2 and 2.3)

Determine buckling resistance moment,

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = χ𝐿𝑇 𝑊𝑦
𝛾𝑀1

No
Check 𝑀𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑀𝑏,𝑅𝑑 Find new section

Yes

Design complete

Table 2.2. Imperfection Factors for Lateral Torsional Buckling Curves

Buckling curve a b c d
Imperfection factor αLT 0.21 0.34 0.49 0.76

Table 2.3. Lateral Torsional Buckling Curves for Cross Sections

Cross-section Limits Buckling curve

h/b ≤ 2 a
Rolled I-sections
h/b > 2 b
h/b ≤ 2 c
Welded I-sections
h/b > 2 d
Other cross-sections - d

Eurocode3 10
 2 Tension Member
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

Start

Determine Design Force, NEd,

by Elastic Analysis

Assume steel grade, fy

Find trial section

𝐴 ≥ 𝑁𝐸𝑑 /𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝛾𝑀0

Determine fy, fu, Anet

Determine design tension resistance,

𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 = min{𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 , 𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 }
where, 𝑁𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 = 𝐴𝑓𝑦 /𝛾𝑀0
𝑁𝑢,𝑅𝑑 = 0.9𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑓𝑢 /𝛾𝑀2

No
Check 𝑁𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑁𝑡,𝑅𝑑 Find new section

Yes

Design complete

11 Design Procedure of Steel Structure

3 Compression Member
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

Start

Determine Design Force, NEd,

by Elastic Analysis

Assume steel grade, fy

Find trial section

𝐴 ≥ 𝑁𝐸𝑑 /𝑓𝑦 ∗ 𝛾𝑀0

Check section classification

Determine buckling length, Lcr, for each

axis

Determine non-dimensional slenderness, λത

Select appropriate buckling curve for each axis by cross

section type and thickness of steel (Table 2.4)

Determine flexural buckling reduction factor, χ

Compression resistance
𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = χ𝐴𝑓𝑦 /𝛾𝑀1

Check if No Find section

𝑁𝐸𝑑 ≤ 𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 𝐴 ≥ 𝑁𝐸𝑑 /(χ ∗ 𝑓𝑦 ) ∗ 𝛾𝑀1

Yes

Design complete

Eurocode3 12
 3 Compression Member
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

Table 2.4 Selection of buckling curve for a cross-section

Buckling
Buckling curve
Cross section Limits
about axis S275
S355

y-y a
tt ≤ 40mm
z-z b
h/b > 1.2
y-y b
Rolled section

40mm < tt ≤ 100

z-z c

y-y b
tt ≤ 100mm
z-z C
h/b ≤ 1.2

y-y d
tt > 100 mm
z-z d
Hollow sections

hot finished any a

cold formed Any C

U-, T-, and solid
sections

any c
L-sections

any b

13 Design Procedure of Steel Structure

 4 Compression Member with Moment
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

Start

Determine compression resistance for each axis, 𝑁𝑏,𝑦,𝑅𝑑 and 𝑁𝑏,𝑧,𝑅𝑑

𝑁𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = χ𝐴𝑓𝑦 /𝛾𝑀1

Determine lateral torsional buckling resistance

𝑓𝑦
𝑀𝑏,𝑅𝑑 = χ𝐿𝑇 𝑊𝑦
𝛾𝑀1

Determine design resistance for bending about principal axis when γM1= γM0
𝑊𝑝𝑙 𝑓𝑦
For class 1 or 2, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑀𝑝𝑙,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀1
𝑊𝑒𝑙,𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑦
For class 3, 𝑀𝑐,𝑅𝑑 = 𝑀𝑒𝑙,𝑅𝑑 =
𝛾𝑀1

Determine 𝐶𝑚𝑦 , 𝐶𝑚𝑧 and 𝐶𝑚𝐿𝑇

based on the shape of bending moment diagram (Table 2.5)

Determine interaction factors, kyy, kyz, kzy, kzz (Table 2.6)

Verify combined bending and axial compression

𝑁𝐸𝑑 𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑
+ 𝑘𝑦𝑦 + 𝑘𝑦𝑧 ≤1 No
𝑁𝑏,𝑦,𝑅𝑑 𝑀𝑏,𝑦,𝑅𝑑 𝑀𝑐,𝑧,𝑅𝑑 Find new section
𝑁𝐸𝑑 𝑀𝑦,𝐸𝑑 𝑀𝑧,𝐸𝑑
+ 𝑘𝑧𝑦 + 𝑘𝑧𝑧 ≤1
𝑁𝑏,𝑦,𝑅𝑑 𝑀𝑏,𝑦,𝑅𝑑 𝑀𝑐,𝑧,𝑅𝑑

Yes

Design complete

Eurocode3 14
 4 Compression Member with Moment
Design Procedure of Steel Structure to Eurocode3

Table 2.5 Equivalent uniform moment factors Cm

Cmy and Cmz and CmLT

Moment diagram Range
Uniform loading Concentrated load

−1 ≤ Ψ ≤ 1 0.6 + 0.4Ψ ≥ 0.4

M
ΨM

0 ≤ 𝛼𝑠 ≤ 1 −1 ≤ Ψ ≤ 1 0.2 + 0.8𝛼𝑠 ≥ 0.4 0.2 + 0.8𝛼𝑠 ≥ 0.4

Mh
ΨMh 0≤Ψ≤1 0.1 − 0.8𝛼𝑠 ≥ 0.4 −0.8𝛼𝑠 ≥ 0.4
−1 ≤ 𝛼𝑠 < 0
𝛼𝑠 = 𝑀𝑠 /𝑀ℎ −1 ≤ Ψ < 0 0.1(1 − Ψ) − 0.8𝛼𝑠 ≥ 0.4 0.2(−Ψ) − 0.8𝛼𝑠 ≥ 0.4

0 ≤ 𝛼ℎ ≤ 1 −1 ≤ Ψ ≤ 1 0.95+0.05𝛼ℎ 0.90+0.10𝛼ℎ
ΨMh
Mh
0≤Ψ≤1 0.95+0.05𝛼ℎ 0.90+0.10𝛼ℎ
−1 ≤ 𝛼ℎ < 0
𝛼ℎ = 𝑀ℎ /𝑀𝑠 −1 ≤ Ψ < 0 0.95+0.05𝛼ℎ (1 + 2Ψ) 0.90−0.10𝛼ℎ (1 + 2Ψ)

Table 2.6 Interaction factors kij

Design assumption
Interaction factor Elastic cross-sectional property Elastic cross-sectional property
Class 3, class 4 Class 1, class 2
𝜇𝑦 𝜇𝑦 1
𝐶𝑚𝑦 𝐶𝑚𝐿𝑇 𝐶𝑚𝑦 𝐶𝑚𝐿𝑇
kyy 𝑁 𝑁
1 − 𝐸𝑑
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦 1 − 𝐸𝑑 𝐶𝑦𝑦
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑦
𝜇𝑦 𝜇𝑦 1 𝑊𝑧
𝐶𝑚𝑧 𝐶𝑚𝑧 0.6
kyz 𝑁 𝑁
1 − 𝑁 𝐸𝑑 1 − 𝑁 𝐸𝑑 𝐶𝑦𝑧 𝑊𝑦
𝑐𝑟,𝑧 𝑐𝑟,𝑧
𝜇𝑦 𝜇𝑧 1 𝑊𝑦
𝐶𝑚𝑦 𝐶𝑚𝐿𝑇 𝐶𝑚𝑦 𝐶𝑚𝐿𝑇 0.6
Kzy 𝑁 𝑁
1 − 𝑁 𝐸𝑑 1 − 𝑁 𝐸𝑑 𝐶𝑦𝑧 𝑊𝑧
𝑐𝑟,𝑦
𝑐𝑟,𝑦
𝜇𝑧 𝜇𝑧 1
𝐶𝑚𝑧 𝐶𝑚𝑧
kzz 𝑁 𝑁
1 − 𝐸𝑑
𝑁𝑐𝑟,𝑧 1 − 𝑁 𝐸𝑑 𝐶𝑧𝑧
𝑐𝑟,𝑧

15 Design Procedure of Steel Structure

Eurocode
Design Procedure

Reference:
• European Committee for Standardization, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings
• European Committee for Standardization, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings
• A J Bond, T Harrison, R S Narayanan, O Brooker, R M Moss, R Webster, and A J Harris, How to Design Concrete Structures
using Eurocode 2, The Concrete Centre
• M E Brettle, D G Brown, Steel Building Design: Concise Eurocodes, The Steel Construction Institute
• N.S. Trahair, M.A. Bradford, D.A. Nethercot, and L. Gardner, The Behaviour and Design of Steel Structures to EC3, Taylor &
Francis