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Computer Appreciation

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Computer Appreciation

Uploaded by

hosahotelandsuite2024
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Appreciation

What is Computer?

A computer is a programmable machine designed to automatically carry out a


sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of
operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than
one kind of problem. An important class of computer operations on some
computing platforms is the accepting of input from human operators and the
output of results formatted for human consumption. The interface between the
computer and the human operator is known as the user interface.
Generations of Computers

Computers have five generations in which each generation of computer refer to technological development.

First Generation 1940-1956 computers used vacuum tubes as circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. They took
entire rooms and were very expensive.

Second Generation 1956-1963 used transistors and thus computers were smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-
efficient and more reliable than their first-generation computers.

Third Generation 1964-1971 used integrated circuits placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which
increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

Fourth Generation 1971-Present used microprocessors, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single
silicon chip.

Fifth Generation Present and Beyond based on artificial intelligence, are still in development.
• Classification of Computers

MAINFRAME COMPUTER
MINI-COMPUTER
MICRO-COMPUTER
SUPER-COMPUTER
Basic Operations of a Computer–Input Process and Output

The computer performs five basic operations which are input, process,
output, storage and control and are described as.
Input: It is capturing the data from user, or it is the process of accepting
data or information, by using input the computer can do any process.
Process: It is the process to convert the input into output.
Output: It is the display or output of result from processing.
Storage: It stores the data or information or instructions, for future use.
Control: It directs the manner and sequence of all the operations to perform
in a computer system.
Computer Memory:

1. 1 Bit = Binary Digit


2. 8 Bits = 1 Byte
3. 1024 Bytes = 1 KB (Kilo Byte)
4. 1024 KB = 1 MB (Mega Byte)
5. 1024 MB = 1 GB(Giga Byte)
6. 1024 GB = 1 TB(Terra Byte)
Input Devices

Various input devices are:


1.Keyboard – Similar to a typewriter keyboard, it is an input device.
2.Mouse – Mouse is a pointing device used to position the pointer.
3. Scanners – Convert any image or document into electronic image by
shining light onto it like bar code reader, optical character Recognition,
optical Mark Reader and Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR).
Storage Devices
Storage Devices – It is an important unit of computer and is of types primary
and secondary memory.
1.Primary Storage Devices – They consists of cache, processor register ROM &
RAM.
2.Secondary Storage Devices – They consists of magnetic tape, disk drives
(like hard disk drive, etc.), flash memory
Picture of Storage Devices
Parts of a computer
1.Computer or CPU (central processing unit)

•The main part, or “brains” of a computer. The CPU interprets and


carries out program instructions.

2.Keyboard

• The keys that operate the computer, very much like a typewriter, with
extra keys for special functions.
3.Monitor

•The part of a computer system that contains the computer screen,


where information is displayed.
4.Mouse

•A small hand-held device that controls the position of the cursor on


the computer screen. Movements of the mouse correspond to
movements of the cursor. (See Cursor in Part II)
5.Mouse Pad

• The pad on which you move the mouse.

6.Speakers

• Devices that allow you to hear sound from the computer.

7.Hardware

• The physical parts of a computer system.

8.Software

• The instructions that tell the computer and computer networks what to do.
• Software is installed inside the computer.
9. Desktop
The information that appears on the computer soon after the computer
is turned on. The desktop contains a number of icons, or images, that
you can click on to start programs.

10. Icon
A small picture or image representing a command (such as print), a
file, or a program.
When you click or double-click on an icon, you start a command,
open a file, or launch a program.
11. Folder(s )
Similar to storing files in a physical file cabinet, you store computer files,
such as documents or pictures, in a folder. To open a folder you
doubleclick on the folder icon with the left mouse button. When you
open a folder its contents will appear in a window.

12 . Cursor
A small image on the screen indicating where you are pointing; the
mouse controls the movements of the cursor. The cursor can appear in
different forms, including:
13. Browser

Software, such as Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome


or Safari are used to access the web
14. Clicking
Pressing and releasing a button on a mouse to select or
activate the area on the screen where the cursor is pointing.
Usually, you click on the left side of the mouse (called a left
click). For more advanced functions, you click on the right side
of the mouse called a right click)
.

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