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MTRX Lab LVDT

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17 views4 pages

MTRX Lab LVDT

Uploaded by

godpro2535
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment No.

__

Batch:_________ Date:________

Aim : To measure distance by using Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT).

THEORY:

Linear variable differential transformers (LVDT) are used to measure displacement.


LVDTs operate on the principle of a transformer. LVDT consists of a coil assembly and a core.
The coil assembly is typically mounted to a stationary form, while the core is secured to the
object whose position is being measured. The coil assembly consists of three coils of wire wound
on the hollow form. A core of permeable material can slide freely through the center of the form.
The inner coil is the primary, which is excited by an AC source as shown. Magnetic flux
produced by the primary is coupled to the two secondary coils, inducing an AC voltage in each
coil. The main advantage of the LVDT transducer over other types of displacement transducer is
the high degree of robustness. Because there is no physical contact across the sensing element,
there is no wear in the sensing element.

Because the device relies on the coupling of magnetic flux, an LVDT can have infinite resolution.
Therefore the smallest fraction of movement can be detected by suitable signal conditioning
hardware, and the resolution of the transducer is solely determined by the resolution of the data
acquisition system.

The LVDT closely models an ideal zeroth-order displacement sensor structure at low frequency,
where the output is a direct and linear function of the input. It is a variable-reluctance device,
where a primary center coil establishes a magnetic flux that is coupled through a center core
(mobile armature) to a symmetrically wound secondary coil on either side of the primary. Thus,
by measurement of the voltage amplitude and phase, one can determine the extent of the core
motion and the direction, that is, the displacement. Figure shows the linearity of the device
within a range of core displacement. Note that the output is not linear as the core travels near the
boundaries of its range. This is because less magnetic flux is coupled to the core from the
primary. However, because LVDTs have excellent repeatability, nonlinearity near the
boundaries of the range of the device can be predicted by a table or polynomial curve-fitting
function, thus extending the range of the device.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3


PROCEDURE:

1.Rig up the circuit as shown in figures.

2. Internally set the core of an LVDT at center position and observe the residual voltage of null
position.

3.Minimize the residual voltage with external balance circuit.

4. Change the core displacement 1mm in one direction and observe the output voltage in digital
multimeter.

5. Repeat the step 4 until the displacement is 5 mm, and observe the corresponding output
voltage for various displacements in steps of 1mm etc.

6.Now it is moved towards other direction and repeat step 5.

7. Draw the graph for displacement Vs output voltage.

CASE I
When the core is at null position (for no displacement) When the core is at null position then the
flux linking with both the secondary windings is equal so the induced emf is equal in both the
windings. So for no displacement the value of output eout is zero as e01 and e02 both are equal. So
it shows that no displacement took place.
CASE II
When the core is moved to upward of null position (For displacement to the upward of reference
point)
In the this case the flux linking with secondary winding S1 is more as compared to flux linking
with S2. Due to this e01 will be more as that of e02. Due to this output voltage eout is positive.
CASE III
When the core is moved to downward of Null position(for displacement to the downward of the
reference point). In this case magnitude of e02 will be more as that of e01 . Due to this output eout
will be negative and shows the output to downward of the reference point.

OBSEVATION:

Distance (mm) Output voltage (mV)


-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5

Plot Graph: Distance (on x-axis) Vs Output voltage (y-axis)


Mechatronics Lab

MODEL GRAPH:

Observations:

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Result:_______________________________________________________________
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Department of Industrial IoT

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