10/22/24, 4:39 PM Unit1_7) Types_Of_Errors_While_working_with_python.

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When working with Python, errors are a common occurrence, especially for beginners. Understanding the different
types of errors can help diagnose and fix issues quickly. Python errors are generally classified into the following
categories:

keyboard_arrow_down Syntax Errors

Definition: Occurs when Python’s syntax rules are violated.
Example: Forgetting a colon, parentheses, or an incorrect indentation.

if True # Missing colon

print("This will cause a syntax error.")

Cell In[1], line 1

if True # Missing colon
^
SyntaxError: expected ':'

if True: # Added colon

print("Now the code works.")

Now the code works.

keyboard_arrow_down Indentation Error

Definition: Python relies on indentation to define blocks of code. If indentation is incorrect or inconsistent, this error occurs.
Example: Misaligning code inside a loop, function, or conditional statement.

def greet():
print("Hello!") # IndentationError
greet()

Cell In[4], line 2

print("Hello!") # IndentationError
^
IndentationError: expected an indented block after function definition on line 1

def greet():
print("Hello!") # Fixed indentation
greet()

Hello!

keyboard_arrow_down Type Errors

Definition: Occurs when an operation is performed on incompatible data types.
Example: Trying to add a string to an integer.

number = 5
string = "10"
print(string)
print(type(string))
result = number + string # TypeError: unsupported operand

10
<class 'str'>
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[10], line 5
3 print(string)
4 print(type(string))
----> 5 result = number + string # TypeError: unsupported operand

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'

result = number + int(string) # Convert string to int

print(result)
print(string)
print(type(int(string)))

15
10
<class 'int'>

a=23.90
b=int(a)
print(a)
print(b)

23.9
23

keyboard_arrow_down Index Errors

Definition: Occurs when trying to access an index in a sequence (like a list or a tuple) that does not exist.
Example: Accessing an out-of-range index.

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10/22/24, 4:39 PM Unit1_7) Types_Of_Errors_While_working_with_python.ipynb - Colab

my_list = [1, 2, 3]
print(my_list[5]) # IndexError: list index out of range

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
IndexError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[8], line 2
1 my_list = [1, 2, 3]
----> 2 print(my_list[5]) # IndexError: list index out of range

IndexError: list index out of range

keyboard_arrow_down Key error

Definition: Happens when trying to access a key in a dictionary that does not exist.
Example: Accessing a missing key.

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice'}

print(my_dict['age']) # KeyError: 'age'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[9], line 2
1 my_dict = {'name': 'Alice'}
----> 2 print(my_dict['age']) # KeyError: 'age'

KeyError: 'age'

print(my_dict.get('age', 'Key not found')) # Avoids KeyError

Key not found

keyboard_arrow_down Attribute Error

Definition: Occurs when trying to access or call a method or attribute that does not exist for an object.
Example: Calling a method that isn’t defined for a particular data type.

number = 10
number.append(5) # AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'append'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[11], line 2
1 number = 10
----> 2 number.append(5) # AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'append'

AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'append'

my_list = [10]
my_list.append(5) # Now it works since lists have an append method

[10, 5]

keyboard_arrow_down Value Error

Definition: Raised when a function gets an argument of the correct type but with an inappropriate value.
Example: Passing a string that cannot be converted to an integer.

int_value = int('abc') # ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[14], line 1
----> 1 int_value = int('abc') # ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10

ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'abc'

int_value = int('123') # Now it works

keyboard_arrow_down Zero Division Error

Definition: Occurs when attempting to divide a number by zero.
Example: Dividing by zero.

result = 10 / 0 # ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

result

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10/22/24, 4:39 PM Unit1_7) Types_Of_Errors_While_working_with_python.ipynb - Colab
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ZeroDivisionError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[16], line 1
----> 1 result = 10 / 0 # ZeroDivisionError: division by zero
2 result

ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

divisor = 0
if divisor != 0:
result = 10 / divisor
else:
print("Cannot divide by zero")

Cannot divide by zero

keyboard_arrow_down Import Errors

Definition: Occurs when trying to import a module that does not exist or is not installed.
Example: Importing a nonexistent module.

import my_nonexistent_module # ImportError: No module named 'my_nonexistent_module'

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[18], line 1
----> 1 import my_nonexistent_module # ImportError: No module named 'my_nonexistent_module'

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'my_nonexistent_module'

keyboard_arrow_down File Error

Definition: Occurs when trying to access or manipulate a file that doesn’t exist or cannot be opened.
Example: Trying to open a non-existent file.

with open('non_existent_file.txt', 'r') as file:

content = file.read() # FileNotFoundError

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FileNotFoundError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[19], line 1
----> 1 with open('non_existent_file.txt', 'r') as file:
2 content = file.read() # FileNotFoundError

File ~\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\IPython\core\interactiveshell.py:324, in _modified_open(file, *args, **kwargs)

317 if file in {0, 1, 2}:
318 raise ValueError(
319 f"IPython won't let you open fd={file} by default "
320 "as it is likely to crash IPython. If you know what you are doing, "
321 "you can use builtins' open."
322 )
--> 324 return io_open(file, *args, **kwargs)

FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: 'non_existent_file.txt'

import os
if os.path.exists('file.txt'):
with open('file.txt', 'r') as file:
content = file.read()
else:
print("File not found")

File not found

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