Dynamic Effects of Wave Loads in Analysis

to Check Strength and Fatigue for Fixed Steel

Jacket Structure

Quang Cuong Dinh1, The Anh Bui1(&), and Duc Nien Hoang2
1
National University of Civil Engineering (NUCE), Ha Noi, Viet Nam
[email protected]
2
Vietnam Register (VR), Ha Noi, Viet Nam

Abstract. The problems of analyses to check strength (ULS) and fatigue

(FLS) are two paramount in the steps of designing the structure of the Fixed
Steel Jacket structure. Currently, based on the principle of dynamic effects of
wave loads are evaluated when the natural period of the structure −Tmax closes
to the period of wave, the current standards (API, DNV, ISO, ABS, PTS,…)
base on the natural period of structure −Tmax that provisions allowing the
analysis by the Quasi-Static method or the Dynamic method. This article
analyses and performs evaluating the dynamic effects of wave loads through
analyses the structure of the Fixed Steel Jacket structure by the Quasi-Static
method and Dynamic method in Ultimate Limit State and Fatigue Limit State
for the Vietnamese continental shelf condition.

Keywords: Dynamic effects
Jacket
Quasi-Static
Dynamic method

1 Introduction

In general dynamics, the dynamic effects of dynamic load is determined by the ratio of
the dynamic response to the static response [1–3], as follows:

Dynamic response at level p

DAF ¼ ð1Þ
Static response at level p

where response at level p possible values is the displacement, moment, shear force,
stress, UC,… when analyzing the structure by static method or dynamic method.
For jacket structures, it is possible to evaluate the dynamic effect of wave load
through structural analysis in the quasi-static or dynamic method. The problems of
analysis to check strength (ULS) and fatigue (FLS) are two paramount in the steps of
designing the structure of the fixed steel template jacket platform. In this paper, the
author will present the evaluation on the dynamic effect for strength and fatigue of steel
fixed structure jackets in the quasi-static or dynamic method for the Vietnamese con-
tinental shelf condition.

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

M. F. Randolph et al. (Eds.): VSOE 2018, LNCE 18, pp. 471–477, 2019.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2306-5_66
472 Q. C. Dinh et al.

2 One Degree of Freedom and Dynamic Effect

The general equation of the one degree of freedom [4–7]:

M€u þ C u_ þ Ku ¼ FðtÞ ð2Þ

where M, C and K are the mass, damping and stiffness for the structure; F(t) is the load;
u = u(t) is the displacement of structure.
The dynamic effect of the one degree of freedom is evaluated based on the dynamic
response determined from Eq. (2) compare to the static response as determined from
the following Eq. (3):

Ku ¼ F ð3Þ

From which defined to the dynamic effect of the one degree of freedom through
dynamic application factor - DAF as follows:

1
DAF ¼ qffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi
 ð4Þ
2
1  X2 þ ð2nXÞ2

where X ¼ xx1 , x is the wave frequency, x1 is the first frequency of the structure; n is
the structural damping; DAF is the dynamic amplification factors = DAFQ-S is the
dynamic effect when analyses by the Quasi-Static method.

3 Multi Degree of Freedom and Dynamic Effect

The general equation of the multi degree of freedom [4–7]:

€ þ C U_ þ KU ¼ F ðtÞ
MU ð5Þ

where M, C, K are the mass, damping and stiffness matrices for the structure; F (t) is
the load vector; U is the displacement vector of structure.
The dynamic effect of the multi degree of freedom is evaluated based on the
dynamic response determined from Eq. (5) compare to the static response as deter-
mined from the following Eq. (6):

KU ¼ F ð6Þ

From which defined to the dynamic effect of the multi degree of freedom through
DAFD (dynamic effect when analyses by the Dynamic method) as follows:

Maximum base shear in dynamic response

DAFD ¼ ð7Þ
Maximum base shear in static response
 Dynamic Effects of Wave Loads in Analysis to Check Strength 473

4 Dynamic Effect for Check Fatigue

Conditions to check fatigue as follow [2, 8]:

D  ½D  ð8Þ

where D is the fatigue damage at any time of exploitation; [D] is the allowable fatigue
damage.
As shown in Eqs. (4) and (7), find: rD ¼ DAFi r ¼ ðDAF _ DAFD Þr. Therefore,
for each wave parameter (Hi, Ti, ni), we can determine the fatigue damage as follows:
n n m n
DD ¼ ¼ S ¼ ðS  DAFi Þm ¼ DðDAFi Þm ð9Þ
N a D a
where DD is the fatigue damage for dynamic method; D is the fatigue damage for static
method; n is the number of cycles for a given stress range i; N is the number of cycles
before failure for the stress range i; a, m are dependent material parameters, determined
based on SN-curve; S = Dr = (rmax − rmin), see details at [2, 5, 8].
Therefore, dynamic effect for check fatigue (DAFF) is defined as follows:

DD
DAFF ¼ ¼ ðDAFi Þm ¼ ðDAF _ DAFD Þm ð10Þ
D

The above analysis that: the dynamic effects for check fatigue (DAFF) and dynamic
effects for check strength (DAF or DAFD) are different.

5 Application for Practical Analysis

5.1 Input Data

We will analysis the jacket structure of Dong Do wellhead (Water depth = 64.9 m;
Jacket weight = 1681 MT; Deck weight = 904 MT) in the Vietnamese continental
shelf condition by Sacs software, the main input data are shown in Tables 1, 2 and
Fig. 1.
Based on the [2, 5] and Sacs software [10], built schematic diagram for analysis
jacket structure as follows (Figs. 2, 3):
474 Q. C. Dinh et al.

Table 1. Wave conditions data for check strength [9]

As. Wave Directions Degree Wave Parameters
From Hmax (m) Tass (s) Hs (m) TP (s)
One-year Return Period
North 225 4.7 7.4 2.5 7.4
North-East 180 9.9 10.4 5.3 10.4
East 135 5.2 7.8 2.8 7.7
South-East 90 4.0 11.9 2.1 11.9
South 45 3.9 11.8 2.1 11.8
South-West 0 5.3 7.8 2.9 7.8
West 315 4.5 7.3 2.4 7.3
North-West 270 3.2 6.3 1.7 6.2
Omni Directional 9.9 10.4 5.3 10.4
One Hundred-year Return Period
North 225 7.1 8.9 3.8 8.9
North-East 180 14.9 12.6 8.0 12.5
East 135 7.8 9.4 4.2 9.3
Fig. 1. Model of Dong Do
South-East 90 6.0 13.8 3.2 13.7
wellhead
South 45 5.8 13.6 3.1 13.6
South-West 0 8.0 9.5 4.3 9.4
West 315 6.8 8.8 3.7 8.7
North-West 270 4.9 7.5 2.6 7.5
Omni Directional 14.9 12.6 8.0 12.5

Table 2. Value DAF and DAFD for check fatigue

 Dynamic Effects of Wave Loads in Analysis to Check Strength 475

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram for analysis to Fig. 3. Schematic diagram for analysis to
check strength check fatigue

5.2 Analysis Results

The outputs in this report will include: DAF, DAFD, DAFF and Fatigue life. The details
are shown in Tables 3, 4 and Figs. 4, 5 and 6 below.
a. With wave conditions for check strength

Fig. 4. Value DAF & DAFD Operating Fig. 5. Value DAF & DAFD Storm conditions
conditions
476 Q. C. Dinh et al.

b. With wave conditions for check fatigue

Table 3. Value DAF and DAFD for check

fatigue
Direction DAF DAFD
(Average) (Average)
0 1.091 1.086
45 1.109 1.099
90 1.127 1.110
135 1.108 1.100
180 1.090 1.087
225 1.108 1.106 Fig. 6. Value DAF & DAFD for check fatigue
270 1.127 1.120
315 1.108 1.103

Table 4. Fatigue life check and DAFF (SN-curve according to the API [8], m = 3; [D] = 0.5)
Joint Quasi-static (Q-S) Dynamic Quasi-static DAF = 1 DAFF
Damage Fatigue Life Damage Fatigue Life Damage Fatigue Life DAFF DAFF
(year) (year) (year) (Q-S) (Dynamic)
L501 0.946 21 0.852 23 0.609 33 1.6 1.4
L503 0.683 29 0.609 33 0.438 46 1.6 1.4
L503 0.683 29 0.609 33 0.438 46 1.6 1.4
L504 0.463 43 0.419 48 0.300 67 1.5 1.4
L301 0.452 44 0.402 50 0.247 81 1.8 1.6
L304 0.417 48 0.372 54 0.230 87 1.8 1.6
L301 0.452 44 0.402 50 0.247 81 1.8 1.6
L501 0.946 21 0.852 23 0.609 33 1.6 1.4
L502 0.360 56 0.315 63 0.221 90 1.6 1.4
L304 0.417 48 0.372 54 0.230 87 1.8 1.6

6 Conclusion

Based on the above analysis and the example, we found that dynamic effects for quasi-
static (DAF) and dynamics effects for dynamic method (DAFD) are different. For Dong
Do wellhead have water depth 64,9 m then DAF value is greater than DAFD.
For the check fatigue, when evaluating the dynamic effect, it is necessary to
evaluate through the fatigue damage because the conditions for analysis to check
fatigue are small and short waves, DAFF is much bigger than DAF and DAFD.
In addition to previous studies by authors [11, 12], as well as studies by other
authors,… authors will continue studying more fully the dynamic effects of the wave
on the jacket structure with deeper sea water to give advice for practical analysis when
applied to Vietnamese continental shelf condition.
 Dynamic Effects of Wave Loads in Analysis to Check Strength 477

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