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Current Trends
in New Testament
Study
Edited by
Robert E. Van Voorst
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Religions

www.mdpi.com/journal/religions
Current Trends in New Testament
Study
Current Trends in New Testament
Study

Special Issue Editor

Robert E. Van Voorst

MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade

Special Issue Editor
Robert E. Van Voorst
Western Theological Seminary,
Emeritus Holland, Michigan
USA

Editorial Office
MDPI
St. Alban-Anlage 66
4052 Basel, Switzerland

This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Religions
(ISSN 2077-1444) in 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special issues/
New Testament).

For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as
indicated below:

LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number,
Page Range.

ISBN 978-3-03928-026-1 (Pbk)

ISBN 978-3-03928-027-8 (PDF)


c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative
Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon
published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum
dissemination and a wider impact of our publications.
The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons
license CC BY-NC-ND.
Contents

About the Special Issue Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Robert E. Van Voorst

Introduction to the Special Issue “Current Trends in New Testament Study”
Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 647, doi:10.3390/rel10120647 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Michele A. Connolly
Antipodean and Biblical Encounter: Postcolonial Vernacular Hermeneutics in Novel Form
Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 358, doi:10.3390/rel10060358 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

J. J. Johnson Leese
Ecofaith: Reading Scripture in an Era of Ecological Crisis
Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 154, doi:10.3390/rel10030154 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Michael R. Licona
Are the Gospels “Historically Reliable”? A Focused Comparison of Suetonius’s Life of Augustus
and the Gospel of Mark
Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 148, doi:10.3390/rel10030148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Emilio Matricciani and Liberato De Caro

A Deep-Language Mathematical Analysis of Gospels, Acts and Revelation
Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 257, doi:10.3390/rel10040257 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Peter S. Perry
Biblical Performance Criticism: Survey and Prospects
Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 117, doi:10.3390/rel10020117 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

James L. Resseguie
A Glossary of New Testament Narrative Criticism with Illustrations
Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 217, doi:10.3390/rel10030217 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96

Mitzi J. Smith
Paul, Timothy, and the Respectability Politics of Race: A Womanist Inter(con)textual Reading of
Acts 16:1–5
Reprinted from: Religions 2019, 10, 190, doi:10.3390/rel10030190 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

v
About the Special Issue Editor
Robert Van Voorst, Professor Emeritus of New Testament in Western Theological Seminary
in Holland, Michigan, is a graduate of Hope College, Western Theological Seminary, and Union
Theological Seminary (NY). In 1989, he became a professor of religion at Lycoming College. He
was a visiting professor at Westminster College in Oxford, England. He was also a visiting professor
at Zhejiang University in China, where he lectured and advised doctoral students. Van Voorst has
contributed articles to several reference works, most recently The New Interpreters Dictionary of the
Bible. He is the author of eleven books, including two best-selling textbooks in world religions,
and is also the co-author of two books. His latest book, Commonly Misunderstood Verses of the Bible,
was published in August of 2017 and was featured on CNN. One of his research monographs,
Jesus Outside the New Testament, examines traditions about Jesus from pagan, Jewish, and Christian
documents before and after the New Testament; it has also been published in Italian. His Reading
the New Testament Today textbook has also been published in Chinese. For more than twenty years,
Dr. Van Voorst has been featured on Marquis’ Who’s Who in America and Who’s Who in the World for
his contributions to the field of religious studies.

vii
 religions
Editorial
Introduction to the Special Issue “Current Trends in
New Testament Study”
Robert E. Van Voorst
Professor Emeritus of New Testament, Western Theological Seminary, 1114 Post Ave, Holland, MI 49424, USA;
[email protected]

Received: 21 November 2019; Accepted: 22 November 2019; Published: 26 November 2019 

This special issue of Religions focuses on seven of the most important formal methods used to
interpret the New Testament today. Several of the articles also touch on Old Testament/Hebrew Bible
interpretation. In line with the multiplicity of methods for interpretation of texts in the humanities in
general, biblical study has never before seen so many different methods. This situation poses both
opportunities and challenges for scholars and students alike.
This issue contains contributions by a mix of established scholars and younger scholars who have
recently demonstrated their expertise in a certain method. Some articles will be easily accessible only
to biblical scholars, but most will be accessible and instructive for beginning- and intermediate-level
students of the Bible. I hope that the free-access essays offered here will become required reading in many
universities and seminaries. The readership statistics displayed with each article, with information
about how they have been read since their online publication here, show that they already have a wide
appeal. I want to thank these authors for their contribution to this issue and for working so well with
me and indirectly with the anonymous peer reviewers. Here, adapted from their abstracts, are brief
introductions to their articles.
Michele A. Connolly’s article, “Antipodean and Biblical Encounter: Postcolonial Vernacular
Hermeneutics in Novel Form,” gives a post-secular exploration of what the Bible offers to modern-day
Australia. She maintains that Australian culture, despite its secularity, has a capacity for spiritual
awareness in ways that resonate with the Bible. Connolly employs R. S. Sugirtharajah’s concept
of “vernacular hermeneutics” to show that a contemporary Australian novel, The Shepherd’s Hut
by Tim Winton, expresses an Australian spirituality saturated with the images and values of the
New Testament, but in a non-religious literary form that needs interpretation for a secular audience.
Connolly’s creative and fascinating article speaks not only to the Australian context but can serve as a
model for the intersection of postcolonial biblical criticism and contemporary literature from many
parts of the post-Christian world.
J. J. Johnson Leese has contributed a significant article on one of the most important issues of
our time. “Ecofaith: Reading Scripture in an Era of Ecological Crisis,” outlines the emerging field
of ecological theology. Johnson Leese deals especially with the methods of ecological hermeneutics
developed by biblical scholars, ethicists, and theologians. This relatively new approach to reading
scripture has emerged in tandem with increased awareness of the environmental impact of global
warming and climate change. Scholars are now challenged to consider how religious anthropocentric
worldviews have influenced past readings of the Bible in ways that have contributed to this crisis and
constricted the ecological contours of the ancient text. In the first section, Johnson Leese summarizes
the history and trajectory of ecological hermeneutics over the past four decades. In the second section,
shegives a concise treatment of the reading strategies being considered among scholars today and
includes examples of promising ecocritical readings of biblical texts. These readings are based on a
constructive and critical engagement of ancient texts in light of modern environmental challenges.

Religions 2019, 10, 647; doi:10.3390/rel10120647 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions

Religions 2019, 10, 647

Michael R. Licona, a rising expert in some of the most important matters of New Testament
historicity, entitled “Are the Gospels ‘Historically Reliable’? A Focused Comparison of Suetonius’s Life
of Augustus and the Gospel of Mark.” The question of the historicalreliability of the Gospels has been a
constant issue since the rise of critical scholarship but has gained new interest and urgency recently.
Licona shows that ancient writers of history had objectives for writing that differed somewhat from
those of modern historians. Consequently, literary conventions also differed. In this essay, a definition
for the historical reliability of ancient texts is proposed, whereby such a text provides an accurate gist
of events or an essentially faithful representation of what occurred. Four criteria that must be met are
then proposed. Licona then assesses Suetonius’s Life of the Divine Augustus and the Gospel of Mark
using these criteria. The result of this focused comparison suggests that the Life of Augustus and the
Gospel of Mark can be called historically reliable in the qualified sense proposed. Both professors and
students will benefit from a close reading of this article.
“A Deep-Language Mathematical Analysis of Gospels, Acts and Revelation,” by Emilio Matricciani
and Liberato De Caro, offers a different kind of statistical analysis of the New Testament than scholars
may be familiar with. It uses mathematical methods developed for studying what the authors call
deep-language parameters of literary texts, for example, the number of words per sentence, the number
of characters per word, the number of words between interpunctions (punctuation within sentences),
and the number of interpunctions per sentence. Matricciani and De Caro consider, in concert with
generally-accepted conclusions of New Testament scholarship, the full texts of the canonical Gospels,
Acts and Revelation, then the Gospel passages attributable to the triple tradition (Matthew, Mark and
Luke), to the double tradition (Matthew and Luke), to the single tradition in Matthew and Luke, and to
the Q source. The results confirm and reinforce some common conclusions about the Gospels, Acts,
Revelation, and Q source, but the authors show that they cast some new light on the capacity of the
short-term memory of the readers/listeners of these texts. The authors posit that these New Testament
writings fit very well in the larger Greek literature of the time. For readers unaccustomed to using
mathematical models in the study of the New Testament, this article will present some challenges,
but will more than repay the work put into it.
Peter S. Perry’s “Biblical Performance Criticism: Survey and Prospects,” which deals with one of
the newest critical methods of understanding the Bible. After discussing four aspects of communication
events (a communicator, traditions re-expressed, an audience, and a social situation), Perry surveys the
history of biblical performance criticism and its current prospects. He then points to the future work of
developing a fine-grained theoretical foundation for its work. Unlike many other methods of biblical
criticism, performance criticism has an analytical mode, a heuristic mode, and a practical mode. In
the analytical mode, a scholar gathers and examines data from a past performance event to describe
it, and its effects, in detail. In the heuristic mode, a performer presents a tradition or passage to an
audience in order to discover its dynamics more fully. In the practical mode, a person reflects on the
performance of biblical traditions in daily life. In these ways, Perry suggests, performance criticism
helps to overcome the critical reduction and fragmentation of current biblical study and also bridges
the gap between the academic and popular use of the Bible.
James Resseguie, an expert in narrative criticism of the New Testament, offers both scholars
and students a unique and comprehensive “Glossary of New Testament Narrative Criticism with
Illustrations.”This glossary lists prominent terms, concepts, and techniques of narrative criticism, all in
alphabetical order. Commonly used terms that every student of narrative criticism should know are
included, including for example character and characterization, double entendre, misunderstanding,
implied author, implied reader, irony, narrator, point of view, plot, rhetoric, and more. Lesser-known
terms and concepts are also defined and illustrated. Major methods of reading the text—for example,
narratology, New Criticism, and reader-response criticism—are explained with references to the
prominent literary critics/theorists who developed them. An important part of this glossary is the
illustration of each term drawn from the New Testament, and cross-references to other terms increase
the value of the definitions. Resseguie states that this is the first stand-alone glossary of New Testament

2
Religions 2019, 10, 647

narrative-critical terms in the English language, and one may expect that it will find its way into many
classes in New Testament interpretation as well as be used by scholars as a handy reference tool.
The final article is Mitzi J. Smith offers a fresh, thought-provoking reading of the story of the Apostle
Paul’s circumcision of Timothy, “Paul, Timothy, and the Respectability Politics of Race: A Womanist
Inter(con)textual Reading of Acts 16:1–5”. Her approach is intersectional and inter-contextual, featuring
a dialogue between African American women’s experiences of race and racism, respectability politics,
and the narrative of Acts 16. Drawing on leading critical race theorists, Smith discusses the intersection
of race/racism, gender, geopolitical Diasporic space, and respectability politics. Respectability politics,
a critical understanding of which stands at the heart of Smith’s essay, claims that when non-white
people in predominantly white societies engage in certain “proper” behaviors, they will ameliorate or
even overcome the racism they face. Smith concludes that Paul engaged in respectability politics by
compelling Timothy to be circumcised because of his Greek father, despite the Jerusalem Council’s
decision that Gentile believers should not be required to be circumcised. Smith has included a short
video introducing her article.

Conflicts of Interest: The author declares no conflict of interest.

© 2019 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

3
 religions
Article
Antipodean and Biblical Encounter: Postcolonial
Vernacular Hermeneutics in Novel Form
Michele A. Connolly †
Catholic Institute of Sydney, Sydney College of Divinity, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia;
[email protected]
† Michele A. Connolly, rsj.

Received: 12 March 2019; Accepted: 29 May 2019; Published: 31 May 2019 

Abstract: This article argues that in postcolonial and post-secular Australia, a country in which
Christianity has been imported from Europe in the process of colonization in the eighteenth century
by the British Empire, institutional Christianity is waning in influence. However, the article argues,
Australian culture has a capacity for spiritual awareness provided it is expressed in language and
idioms arising from the Australian context. R. S. Sugirtharajah’s concept of vernacular hermeneutics
shows that a contemporary novel, The Shepherd’s Hut by Tim Winton, expresses Australian spirituality
saturated with the images and values of the New Testament, but in a non-religious literary form.

Keywords: vernacular hermeneutics; Australian spirituality; colonial; landscape; crucifixion; mercy;

New Testament

1. Introduction
A fundamental question that must be asked by any postcolonial biblical critic thinking about the
relationship between the New Testament and Australia is this: What capacity does the postcolonial and
post-secular Australian consciousness have in the first quarter of the twenty-first century to receive the
message of the New Testament as a guide for living?
My response in this article to this question is that postcolonial and post-secular Australia has that
capacity to embrace Christian faith that comes from walking the journey of life fully engaged with
the Australian, postcolonial context in its contemporary, post-secular reality. This journey must be
expressed in a contemporary idiom that allows authentic, convincing expression of a spirituality that
rings true to Australian experience.
Just such an expression of this spiritual journey is made in the recently published Australian
novel, The Shepherd’s Hut, by Tim Winton.1 Winton was born in 1960 in the rural town of Scarborough,
not far from Perth in the State of Western Australia. In his autobiographical writing, Winton describes
a childhood spent close to the Australian bush but also close to the coast where he has surfed from
childhood. Of growing up in small-town Western Australia, Winton has said, “I write about small
places; about people in small situations. If I get a grip on the geography, I can get a grip on the
people.”2 He has also written that surfing led him to writing. “The child of a pragmatic, philistine and
insular culture, I responded,” he writes,” to the prospect of something wilder, broader, softer, more
fluid and emotional. It sounds unlikely but I suspect surfing unlocked the artist in me.”3 Winton has
turned his writing skills to defending Ningaloo Reef, a coral reef on the Northern edge of Western

1 Winton 2018.
2 Wilde et al. 1994, p. 822.
3 Winton 2016, p. 132–33.

Religions 2019, 10, 358; doi:10.3390/rel10060358 4 www.mdpi.com/journal/religions

Religions 2019, 10, 358

Australia, working to protect the reef by having the Ningaloo Marine Park and adjacent Cape Range
National Park added to the World Heritage Register, in 2011 and beyond that to protest against large
multinational mining companies setting up dredging operations in the Park.4
Winton has written twenty-nine novels, mostly for adults but some also for children. He has won
the major Australian literary prize, the Miles Franklin Award, four times and has been shortlisted for
the Book Prize twice.5 He writes on Australian life, particularly as it is lived in Western Australia,
a vast State which is nine times the size of Texas in the USA.6 Winton writes about family life in
rural towns, especially about boys growing to manhood in a culture of toxic masculinity, about
the Australian landscape and seascape, and increasingly about the environment. The power of the
Australian landscape, and father-son relationships are the focus of The Shepherd’s Hut, which tells the
story of two characters whose encounter with each other in the Australian bush leads each to a new
place of promise or rest in his life.
The principal character, Jaxie Clackton, is a fourteen-year-old boy who runs away from a violent
father and a fear that the law is pursuing him for murder. He escapes into the bush where his
bushmanship helps him to survive until he meets the other main character, Fintan, an old man with
a mysterious history living alone in the bush. Surviving together in the beautiful but dangerous
Australian landscape, the two overcome mutual suspicion and fear, until they finally share both
companionship and love. The crisis point of the novel comes when the contemporary criminal world
breaks into Jaxie and Fintan’s precarious existence in the form of drug runners whose clandestine
operation Jaxie has discovered. In the rupture the criminal world makes, the fate of both Jaxie and
Fintan is resolved, the former to freedom in a new life and the latter to his final rest.
In this novel, Tim Winton portrays the profoundly spiritual encounter a young postcolonial child
of the Australian culture has with himself, with life and death, with the joys and dark terrors of life,
all this provoked by a sojourn of survival through the Australian bush. This writing shows that
Australian consciousness has a capacity, even an appetite, for spiritual consciousness. In this paper I
will argue that the novel regularly employs the specific spiritual language and imagery that comes
from the Christian New Testament and that given the popularity of this novelist in his home country,
this reveals that Australians can engage with deep spiritual matters as they are expressed in the New
Testament. Before embarking on a necessary explication of Australian postcolonial and post-secular
identity, it is necessary to clarify that I do not argue that Tim Winton is making an explicitly biblical,
Christian or even religious case in this novel. He is not promoting any particular religious institution
or stance. It is not that Winton cites the Bible unconsciously. He himself has written about his religious
upbringing as a result of his parents’ conversion to Christianity in response to marked kindness from a
Christian to Winton’s father as he recovered from a severe motor accident. Winton describes his family
as “a twice-on-Sundays outfit ... unaccountably and unreasonably churchy.”7 He says that at church
he learnt the value of story because “without narrative there is only theological assertion, which is
in effect, inert cargo.”8 Even more specifically, he began to discover through the focus on the Bible,
the power of language, especially of metaphor. It became food to his adolescent mind. “Language,
I was to discover, is nutrition, manna without which we’re bereft and forsaken, consigned like Moses
and his restive entourage to wander in a sterile wilderness.”9 Lyn McCredden writes that “Winton’s
publicly declared religious values ha[ve] complicated critical debates.”10 This may be because it seems

4 Winton 2018–2019.
5 Tim Winton won the Miles Franklin award for his novels, Shallows (1984), Cloudstreet (1991), Dirt Music (2001) and Breath
(2008). He was shortlisted for the Booker Prize for The Riders (1994) and for Dirt Music (2001). See Winton n.d..
6 Western Australia’s area of 2,527,013 square km, of which a very large amount is desert is 9.4 times the area of Texas at
695,662 square km. For details on Texas and Western Australia see respectively, McNamee et al. 2019; Area of Australia n.d..
7 Winton 2016, p. 94.
8 Ibid., p. 106.
9 Ibid., p. 108.
10 McCredden and O’Reilly 2014, p. 8.

5
Religions 2019, 10, 358

to pre-empt critical decisions about Winton’s intention. I mention Winton’s well-known religious
background to avoid any suggestion that his use of the Bible is not conscious.
The Shepherd’s Hut is saturated with religious sensibility, that is articulated, often with intense
irony, in the language of the Bible but particularly of the New Testament. Tim Winton’s skill as a
novelist ensures that there is no sense of “Bible-bashing” in his novel; his very sure hand with plot and
characterization make any expression of spiritual ideas or biblical language sound entirely natural,
credible and remote from anything like preaching—while at the same time provoking the reader
to thought. For example, in the course of three pages of stream-of-consciousness from the mind of
the character Jaxie Clackton, Winton probes the inadequacies of contemporary Christian church and
religious ritual; touches on both clericalism and revulsion against clerical sexual abuse; and explores
prayer, the need for mercy and the manifold ways in which real people exercise their spirituality.11
It does not read as a treatise on religion in Australia; it reads as a novelistic exposé of the ideas a teenage
boy has about religious matters. Many Australian (and non-Australian) readers would be likely to
resonate with Jaxie’s concerns, to identify with his rejection of shallow religiosity and to recognize
themselves in his reaching for a credible and dignified way to express spiritual desire in his life.
The story itself, the beautifully rendered Australian landscape and the development of the
characters in the novel, especially of the young anti-hero Jaxie Clackton, express in an unmistakably
Australian vernacular a desire for or awareness of such spiritual values as mercy, gratitude and
tenderness. While these values are not the exclusive property of the New Testament, they are
unmistakably part of its worldview.
Winton does not set out to provide a systematic exposé of the values of the New Testament. Rather,
from his obvious familiarity with its language and images, he selects incidental parts to help him
construct his characters by having them express or enact these values. Later in this paper, after listing
a sample of Winton’s allusion to various New Testament texts, I will focus on ideas or images Winton
uses from the Gospel of John. The Johannine Jesus’ expression of his purpose in terms of having “food
to eat;” his identity expressed in the expression, “I am;” concerns about the truth and above all the
power of the Word appear in Winton’s characterization. However, it is the image of the body strung
up, “lifted up” on the cross, echoing the serpent raised up on a standard of Num 21:9, that Winton uses
as a lietmotif through his novel on which I will concentrate in the final phase of this paper.
The language of the novel is shot through with an ironic juxtaposition between the language and
imagery of the whole Bible but particularly of the Christian New Testament on the one hand, and with
Jaxie’s Australian speech on the other. Winton shows with pleasure how oddly they sit together at
the level of diction, yet how truly they speak in concert of the deep issues of life. This writing shows
that Australian sensibility can respond to what Jesus of Nazareth teaches in the New Testament. Jesus’
vision of God’s intent for the world was hard-edged with realism yet insistent on hope in life; Jaxie’s
vision is equally as hard-edged, as sharp as the knife he whets on stone, but also committed to life and
to a fiercely protective tenderness. An Australian consciousness that can express itself in this way has
a capacity to hear the message proclaimed by the New Testament.
A. Postcolonial and Post-secular Australia: A Setting for Encounter with the New Testament
In order to develop this argument, it is necessary to establish the idea of Australia as a postcolonial
nation, for which postcolonial biblical criticism is relevant. Second, a few words will be useful to clarify
what I mean when I refer to the New Testament and its message. Third, it will be important to lay out
the relationship between contemporary postcolonial Australia and Christian faith, as it is practiced in
publicly recognized churches in Australia. Finally, postcolonial biblical criticism must be discussed,
especially the particular form of it that I will use, called “vernacular criticism.”

11 See Winton 2018, pp. 22–24.

6
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11. Nyctinomus brasiliensis Is. Geoffr. 46
12. Nyctinomus africanus Dobs. 46
13. Nyctinomus cestonii (Savi) 46
14. Nyctinomus gracilis (Natt.) 47
Molossus Geoffr. 47
 1. Molossus rufus Geoffr. und M. rufus obscurus 47
(Geoffr.)
2. Molossus nasutus Spix 47
3. Molossus abrasus (Temm.) 47
4. Molossus perotis (Wied) 48
Cheiromeles Horsf. 48
Cheiromeles torquatus Horsf. 48
Erklärung der Abbildungen auf Tafel X und XI 53
Tafeln
 Kolophon
Verfügbarkeit

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Metadaten

Titel: Säugethiere vom Celebes- und

Philippinen-Archipel
Autor: Adolf Bernhard Meyer (1840– Information ↗️
1911)
Illustrator: Bruno Geisler (1857–1945) Information ↗️
Beiträger: József Jablonowski (1863– Information ↗️
1943)
Erstellungsdatum der 2023-09-11 18:11:25 UTC
Datei:
Sprache: Deutsch
Veröffentlichungsdatum [1896–1899]
des Originals:

Überblick der Revisionen

2023-08-29 Started.

Korrekturen

Die folgenden Korrekturen sind am Text angewendet worden:

Seite Quelle Korrektur Edit-

 Distanz
VIII, 23 [Nicht in der
Quelle] . 1
3, 17, 31 . [Weggelassen] 1
5 Ueberbleibsel Überbleibsel 2/1
6 (B 2737 Cel.) B 2737 (Cel.) 2
6 Aeste Äste 2/1
8 ( , 2
13 haben hat 3
13 Ueberwiegen Überwiegen 2/1
14, 18 Uebereinstimmung Übereinstimmung 2 / 1
14, 17, 34,
28 Aehnlichkeit Ähnlichkeit 2/1
14 Längstreif Längsstreif 1
14 1/6.4 ​5⁄32​ 6
15 Aehnlich Ähnlich 2/1
16 Uebersetzung Übersetzung 2/1
17, 26, 28,
32, 28 Uebrigens Übrigens 2/1
20 Barbirusa-Hauer Babirusa-Hauer 1
21 Uebers. Übers. 2/1
21, 45 Aegypten Ägypten 2/1
21 Ueberlieferung Überlieferung 2/1
22, 24, 24 . .. … 2
22 Uebergangstadium Übergangstadium 2 / 1
22 Handlist Hand-List 2
23 Nichts nichts 1
25, 26, 34,
34, 18, 25,
26, 26, 26,
26, 31, 38,
40, 42, 44 . , 1
25 Ueberganges Überganges 2/1
26 [Nicht in der
Quelle] B 2
26 Uebergangsform Übergangsform 2/1
27 Gross-Sangi Gross Sangi 1
28 Ueberlegung Überlegung 2/1
29 Ueberdies Überdies 2/1
30, 32, 30 Uebergänge Übergänge 2/1
30 Uebergewicht Übergewicht 2/1
31 [Nicht in der
Quelle] , 1
31, 30 Uebergang Übergang 2/1
33, 1, 10,
36 Ueber Über 2/1
34 Gesichtzeichnnng Gesichtzeichnung 1
36 salvanica salvania 1
Nicht
zutreffend Phloeomis Phlœomys 3
Nicht
zutreffend Phloeomys Phlœomys 2
Nicht
zutreffend Crateromis Crateromys 1
VII afrikanus africanus 1
VII Fisch.-Wald. Fisch.-Waldh. 1
VII Macroglossus — 12
VIII [Nicht in der
Quelle] ) 1
1 Uebergangzone Übergangzone 2/1
7, 7 Ueberfliegen Überfliegen 2/1
8 N.Z NZ. 2
9 geopraphischen geographischen 1
14 vandykbraun vandykebraun 1
15, 25 Aehnlichkeiten Ähnlichkeiten 2/1
17 Aehnliche Ähnliche 2/1
26 Dredner Dresdner 1
26 : ; 1
28 Uebrigen Übrigen 2/1
46 bespochenen besprochenen 1
48 whih with 2
50 [Nicht in der
Quelle] „ 1
53 brivittatus bivittatus 1
 Nicht Celebes Celébes 1/0
zutreffend,
Nicht
zutreffend

Abkürzungen

Übersicht der Abkürzungen im Text.

Abkürzung Ausgeschriebene Form

ad. adultus
fem. femina
Fisch.-Waldh. Fischer von Waldheim
juv. juvenilis
mar. mares
n. sp. species nova
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SÄUGETHIERE
VOM CELEBES- UND PHILIPPINEN-ARCHIPEL ***

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