Patterns of

Written Text
 Learning Objectives:
￮ At the end of today’s lesson, learners will
be able to:
￮ A. Identify patterns of written texts across
disciplines
￮ B. Distinguish the patterns of written text
￮ C. Examine statements using patterns of
written text
￮ D. Analyze writing patterns used in written
texts
￮ E. Use patterns of written text to support a
topic
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Writing Pattern
Writing pattern or pattern of paragraph
development refers to a specific
strategy or method that a writer uses
to develop ideas in a paragraph. It
suggests a type of support to an idea
that one can use in a type of
paragraph. It also helps a writer how to
make sense of the different pieces of
information
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 *Narration and Description
*Definition, Exemplification &
Classification
*Cause & Effect and Comparison
& Contrast
*Problem-Solution and
Persuasion
Narration
The focus of this pattern is basically to
narrate or tell a story. It emphasizes the
what, when, and where something
happened. Transitional words show the
change of actions of the
Its purpose comes along with effective character(s) and connect
sequencing order of events in a events in the story. For
chronological order. Moreover, action words example, afterwards,
meanwhile, at night, after, at
and transitional words characterized a
present, next, then, earlier,
narrative paragraph. suddenly, before, at last,
meanwhile, eventually, etc
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Description
→ This pattern of development gives
characteristics or details on what an
object, a person or a place looks like.
When using this pattern, use powerful
and appropriate adjectives and use
effectively the five senses (sight, smell,
taste, hear, touch) to create a clear
image on a reader’s mind.

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Description
→ There are two types of description
paragraph—objective and subjective.
Objective description is used in
scientific writing to describe factual
and scientific characteristics.
Subjective description is used in
fiction wherein a writer uses his own
perspective to describe a person, an
event or a thing
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Example:
Describe a sunset.

The sunset is the disappearance of the

sun due to the earth’s rotation.

A sunset is glimpse of hope. A perfect

conclusion. It reminds us that an ending can
be beautiful like a symphony of color as it
sings us all to sleep.

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Definition,
Exemplification and
Classification
→ Definition explains what something
is or the nature of something, the two
most general types of definitions are
subjective and objective definitions.

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Definition example:
Texting, as an abbreviated form of writing
used on mobile phones and pagers with
tiny screens and keyboards, suspends
normal conventions of grammar, spelling,
and punctuation.

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Exemplification and
Classification
→ Exemplification is a pattern of
development wherein a writer uses
examples to illustrate and further
explain an idea. By this pattern,
examples used clarify more the
general idea in the paragraph.

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Exemplification and
Classification
→ On the other hand, Classification
divides and organizes ideas or
concepts in classes, groups or
categories based on criteria and
relationships between the items. This
pattern helps the reader understands
even the complex and vast idea as it
will be classified.
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Examples:
People looking to lose weight have a few options:
exercise, diet, weight loss pills, and surgery.
Exercising involves going to a gym, working out
at home, or joining some sort of class or sports
team. Those who are dieting can talk to a doctor
about a plan for them. Weight loss pills can be
taken, if proper precautions and directions are
followed. Individuals who are severely
overweight can talk to a doctor about having
surgery to lose the weight that they need.

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Cause and Effect
→ This pattern of development
discusses why something happens
and what results a particular
occurrence or event.

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Example:
There are many theories about why the
dinosaurs vanished from the planet.
One theory that many people believe is
that a gigantic meteorite smashed into
the Earth. Scientists believe that the
meteorite was very big and that the
impact may have produced a large
dust cloud that covered the Earth for
many years.
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Comparison and
Contrast
→ Comparing means looking on the
similarities. Contrasting means looking
on the differences. Thus, Comparison
and Contrast, as a pattern, discusses
and organizes ideas based on how
people, events, places and things are
similar or different to one another.

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Comparison and
Contrast
→ There are two approaches that a
writer can do to discuss the similarities
and difference. The first one is
separately. The writer describes the
first element then followed by the
second element. The second is side-
by-side. The writer discusses both
items based on each point of
comparison and contrast
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Examples:
Apples and oranges are both fruits, which means
that they have seeds inside of them. Each has a
skin, but orange skins are thick and easy to peel.
Apple skins are thinner and do not peel easily.
Oranges also contain more acid than apples,
but both fruits are delicious.

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Examples:
Side-by-side

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Problem-Solution
→ In this pattern of development, the
writer presents a problem that needs
to be resolved. The paragraph states a
concerning issue or a problem then
next is the solution or what should be
done to solve the issue.

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Problem-Solution
→ A paragraph that uses problem-
solution has three main parts: topic
sentence introduces the solution to a
problem, body sentences explain the
problem and solution and ending
sentence which calls readers to action.

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Persuasion
→ In this pattern, the writer describes
an issue and states his position in the
issue. The writer’s primary goal is to
convince the readers to agree with the
argument or claim being raised, based
from a particular topic.

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Persuasion
→ A persuasive paragraph starts with
a topic sentence. It states position or
stand about something. The body
sentences explain the reasons
supporting the position or stand, and
the closing sentence reiterates or
intensifies the thesis statement.

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Examples:
Yesterday, Thea and her two brothers, Michael
and Edward had the most wonderful time
together. They strolled in the mall. They went
inside the department store and bought bucket
hats and matching shirts. Next, for lunch, they
ate at their favorite restaurant, ordered the usual
chicken and rice combo and shared many funny
moments. After that, they watched a comedy
movie and laughed their hearts out. After a long
day, they went home tired but fulfilled. They
definitely shared good moments together and
bonded more as siblings 24
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Examples:
Narrative

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Explanation:
In this narrative paragraph, for the most part,
logical sequence of actions supplies the
narrative sequence: "They strolled in the mall. . .
They went inside the department store. They ate
at their favorite restaurant." Because of the linear
arrangement of these sentences on the
paragraph, the reader assumes the actions take
place in sequence. However, here and there,
transitions such as yesterday, next, after that,
after a long day, were needed to emphasize
important time relationships.
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Examples:
Every summer, my brothers and I spend our
vacation in my Lola’s house. It always feels like
my first home. It is already an old house. You
could already say it’s old because of the worn-
out fences. Still, I love spending my summer
there. When you go inside, that musty smell
welcomes you or the smell of rice cakes from the
kitchen. Lola really loves to make rice cakes and
my favorite is ‘suman’. Every day is a fun day. My
brothers and I would either play in Lola’s
backyard with her dog, Bantay or we go to the
river nearby. In the next morning, she would then
cook delicious meals and they’re all tasty. Lola’s
home is always a happy home. 27
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Examples:
Description

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Explanation:
In this type of description, the author is
describing an impression of what is observed in
his Lola’s house. This is an example of a
subjective description. Since the writer used
clear images and sensory imagery, the reader is
now able to experience Lola’s house as to how it
appeared and felt for the writer.

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Examples:
I was once asked by my college professor before,
“What is passion?” This is a typical question for a
painter and an artist like me. As they say, you will
never excel as an artist if you don’t have passion
within you. What is ‘passion’? My teacher once
told me that passion comes from a Latin root
‘pati-‘, meaning ‘suffering, or enduring’. From
then on, my teacher taught me that passion is
not just something you earn in a night or after
studying arts. It’s something you have to learn
over the course of life. I then learned that passion
is something I need to learn to feel by enduring
not just the highs of life but also the downtimes. It
also goes with loving what I do. 30
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Examples:
Definition

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