AP Computer Science A Name ___________________________________________

Semester 1 Practice Final #1 Multiple Choice Date ____________________________ Period __________

1. What is the value of product a0er the following code segment is executed?

int [] factors = {2, 3, 4, 7, 2, 5};

int product = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < factors.length; i +=2)
{
product *= (factors[i] % factors[i-1]);
}

(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
(E) 9

2. Consider the following method:

public void mystery (int a, int b)

{
System.out.print(a + " ");
if (a <= b)
{
mystery (a + 5, b - 1);
}
}

What is the output when mystery(0,16) is called?

(A) 0
(B) 0 5
(C) 0 5 10
(D) 0 5 10 15
(E) 0 5 10 15 20

3. Which of the following statements about interfaces is true?

I. An interface contains only public abstract methods and public staHc final fields.

II. If a class implements an interface and then fails to implement any methods in that interface, then the class must be
declared abstract.

III. While a class may implement just one interface, it may extend more than one class.

(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only
(E) I, II, and III

1
4. Which of the following declaraHons will cause an error?

I. ArrayList<String> stringList = new ArrayList<String>();

II. ArrayList<int> intList = new ArrayList<int>();

III. ArrayList<Comparable> compList = new ArrayList<Comparable>();

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and III only
(E) II and III only

5. Consider the following code fragment. You may assume that wordList has been declared as ArrayList<String>.

for (String s : wordList)

{
if (s.length() < 4)
{
System.out.println("This word is short.");
}
}

What is the maximum number of Hmes that "This word is short." can be printed?

(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) wordList.size()
(D) wordList.size() - 1
(E) s.length()

6. What is the size of a double variable in Java?

(A) 2 bytes
(B) 4 bytes
(C) 8 bytes
(D) It depends on the compiler seSng
(E) It depends on the operaHng system

7. If Crossword extends Puzzle and implements Solvable, and

Puzzle p = new Puzzle();

Crossword cw = new Crossword(10, 20);

are declared, which of the following statements will cause a syntax error?

(A) p = cw;
(B) cw = new Puzzle();
(C) p = new Crossword(10, 20);
(D) Solvable x = new Crossword(10, 20);
(E) All of the above will compile with no errors

2
8. The expression !((x <= y) && (y > 5)) is equivalent to which of the following?

(A) (x <= y) && (y > 5)

(B) (x <= y) || (y > 5)
(C) (x >= y) || (y < 5)
(D) (x > y) || (y <= 5)
(E) (x > y) && (y <= 5)

9. What will be printed by the following code fragment?

for (int i = 5; i > 0; i--)

{
for (int k = 1; k <= i; k++)
{
System.out.print(k * k + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}

(A) 1
1 4
1 4 9
1 4 9 16
1 4 9 16 25

(B) 1 4 9 16 25
1 4 9 16
1 4 9
1 4
1

(C) 25 16 9 4 1
25 16 9 4
25 16 9
25 16
25

(D) 25
25 16
25 16 9
25 16 9 4
25 16 9 4 1

(E) 1 4 9 16 25
1 4 9 16 25
1 4 9 16 25
1 4 9 16 25
1 4 9 16 25

3
10. The following method is intended to remove from List<Integer> list all elements whose value is less than zero:

public void removeNega`ves (List<Integer> list)

{
int i = 0, n = list.size();

while (i < n)
{
if (list.get(i) < 0)
{
list.remove(i);
n--;
}
i++;
}
}

For which list of Integer values does this method work as intended?

(A) Only an empty list

(B) All lists that do not contain negaHve values in consecuHve posiHons
(C) All lists where all the negaHve values occur before all the posiHve values
(D) All lists where all the posiHve values occur before all the negaHve values
(E) All lists

11. Determine what is printed from the following code fragment:

String s = new String("ONION");

System.out.println(s.substring(1, 5).substring(1, 4).substring(0, 3));

(A) I
(B) IO
(C) ION
(D) ONI
(E) NION

12. Refer to the doSomething method below:

public sta`c void doSomething (ArrayList<SomeType> list, int i, int j)

{
SomeType temp = list.get(i);
list.set(i, list.get(j));
list.set(j, temp);
}

Which best describes the post condiHon for doSomething?

(A) Removes from list the objects indexed at i and j.

(B) Replaces in list the object indexed at i with the object indexed at j.
(C) Replaces in list the object indexed at j with the object indexed at i.
(D) Replaces in list the objects indexed at i and j with temp.
(E) Interchanges in list the objects indexed at i and j.

4
QuesHons 13 and 14 refer to the following class, SortOf:

public class SortOf

{
public sta`c void sort (String [] items)
{
int n = items.length;
while (n > 1)
{
sortHelper(items,n - 1);
n--;
}
}

private sta`c void sortHelper (String [] items, int last)

{
int m = last;
for(int k = 0; k < last; k++)
{
if(items[k].compareTo(items[m]) > 0)
{
m = k;
}
}
String temp = items[m];
items[m] = items[last];
items[last] = temp;
}
}

13. The sorHng algorithm implemented in the sort method can best be described as:

(A) a Selec`on Sort variaHon

(B) an Inser`on Sort variaHon
(C) a Bubble Sort variaHon
(D) a Merge Sort variaHon
(E) Incorrect implementaHon of a sorHng algorithm

14. Suppose names is an array of String objects:

String [] names = {"Dan", "Alice", "Claire", "Evan", "Boris"};

If SortOf.sort(names) is running, what is the order of the values in names a0er two complete iteraHons through the
while loop in the sort method?

(A) "Boris", "Alice", "Claire", "Dan", "Evan"

(B) "Alice", "Claire", "Boris", "Dan", "Evan"
(C) "Alice", "Boris", "Claire", "Evan", "Dan"
(D) "Alice", "Claire", "Dan", "Evan", "Boris"
(E) None of the above

5
15. Consider the following class definiHons:

public class Country

{
public String toString()
{
return "Country";
}
}

public class Holland extends Country

{
public String toString()
{
return "Holland";
}
}

What is the output of the following code fragment?

Country country1 = new Country();

Country country2 = new Holland();
System.out.print(country1 + " " + country2 + " ");
country1 = country2;
System.out.print(country1);

(A) Country Country Country

(B) Country Country Holland
(C) Country Holland Country
(D) Country Holland Holland
(E) Holland Holland Holland

16. Consider the following methods:

public int fun1 (int n) | public int fun2 (int n)

{ | {
int product = 1; | int product = 1;
int k; | int k = 2;
for (k = 2; k <= n; k++) | while (k <= n)
{ | {
product *= k; | product *= k;
} | k++;
return product; | }
} | return product;
| }

For which integer values of n do fun1(n) and fun2(n) return the same result?

(A) Only n > 1

(B) Only n < 1
(C) Only n == 1
(D) Only n >= 1
(E) Any integer n

6
17. Consider the following class:

public class ClassList

{
// contains the list of student names in a class.
private ArrayList<String> studentnames;

// constructors and other methods and variables not shown.

public ArrayList<String> getnames ( )

{
return studentnames;
}
}

If ClassList myClass is declared and iniHalized in some other client class, which of the following correctly assigns to
name the name of the first student in the myClass list?

I. String name = myClass.studentnames[0];

II. String name = myClass.studentnames.get(0);
III. String name = myClass.getnames().get(0);

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) II and III only

18. Consider the following method:

public int twonumbers (int k, int n)

{
if (n == k)
{
return k;
}
else if (n > k)
{
return twonumbers(k, n - k);
}
else
{
return twonumbers(k - n, n);
}

What value is returned by the call twonumbers(15, 21) ?

(A) 21
(B) 15
(C) 5
(D) 3
(E) 1

7
For quesHons 19 and 20, consider the following interfaces and classes:

public interface InterfaceA

public void methodA ( );

public interface InterfaceB extends InterfaceA

public void methodB ( );

public class ClassA implements InterfaceA

public void methodA ( )

public void methodB ( )

public class ClassB extends ClassA implements InterfaceB

public ClassB ( )

// other methods, constructors, and data members not shown . . .

8
19. What is the minimum requirement for method definiHons in ClassB for it to compile with no errors?

(A) No further method definiHons are required

(B) methodA
(C) methodB
(D) methodA and methodB
(E) methodA, methodB, and toString

20. Which of the following statements would cause a syntax error?

(A) InterfaceA obj1 = new ClassA();

(B) InterfaceB obj2 = new ClassA();
(C) InterfaceA obj3 = new ClassB();
(D) InterfaceB obj4 = new ClassB();
(E) ClassA obj5 = new ClassB();

21. Which of the following does NOT print out "2/3"?

(A) System.out.println("2/3");
(B) System.out.println("2" + "/" + "3");
(C) System.out.println(2/3);
(D) System.out.println(2 + "/" + 3);
(E) System.out.println((int)2 + "/" + (int)3);

22. What is the scope of a variable?

(A) The range of values that the variable can assume

(B) The number of bytes the variable occupies in memory
(C) The period of Hme from the point the variable is iniHalized in the program to the point when it is destroyed
(D) The place(s) in the code where the variable exists and is accessible
(E) The name of the variable

23. What is a client class of class X ?

(A) Any subclass of X

(B) A class whose objects serve as X's fields
(C) Any class above or below X in the inheritance line
(D) Any class in the same folder as X
(E) Any class that invokes X's constructors and calls its methods.

24. Consider the following class:

public class TestPow2

{
private sta`c int [] powersOfTwo = {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32};
private int num;

// other methods, data members, and constructors not shown . . .

}

9
Which of the following methods inside the TestPow2 class will compile with no errors?

I. public int pow2 ( )

{
return powersOfTwo[num];
}

II. public sta`c int pow2 (int x)

{
return powersOfTwo[x];
}

III. public sta`c int pow2 ( )

{
return powersOfTwo[num];
}

(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III

Refer to the following class for QuesHons 25 and 26.

public class Tester

{
private int [ ] testArray = {3, 4, 5};

public void increment (int n)

{
n++;
}

public void firstTestMethod ( )

{
for(int i = 0; i < testArray.length; i++)
{
increment(testArray[i]);
System.out.print(testArray[i] + " ");
}
}

public void secondTestMethod ( )

{
for (int element : testArray)
{
increment (element);
System.out.print(element + " ");
}
}
}

10
25. What output will be produced by calling firstTestMethod for a Tester object (assuming that testArray
contains 3 4 5)?
(A) 3 4 5
(B) 4 5 6
(C) 5 6 7
(D) 0 0 0
(E) No output will be produced. An ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsExcep`on will be thrown.

26. What output will be produced by invoking secondTestMethod for a Tester object (assuming that testArray
contains 3 4 5)?
(A) 3 4 5
(B) 4 5 6
(C) 5 6 7
(D) 0 0 0
(E) No output will be produced. An ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsExcep`on will be thrown.

27. What happens if you forget to iniHalize a field that is an object, and start calling its methods?
(A) A syntax error is reported
(B) A run-Hme "null reference excepHon" error is reported
(C) A new object is created with the default values for its fields
(D) A new object is created with unpredictable values for its fields
(E) Mr. DeRuiter will tap you on the shoulder and say "bad programmer!" (this is not the correct answer . . .)

28. Consider the following code segment.

double a = 1.1;
double b = 1.2;

if ((a + b) * (a - b) != (a * a) - (b * b))
{
System.out.println("Mathema`cal error!");
}

Which of the following best describes why the phrase "Mathema`cal error!" would be printed?
(Remember that mathemaHcally (a+b)*(a-b) = a2 - b2 .)

(A) Precedence rules make the if condiHon true.

(B) AssociaHvity rules make the if condiHon true.
(C) Overflow makes the if condiHon true.
(D) A compiler bug or hardware error has occurred.
(E) Roundoff error make the if condiHon true.

29. Which of the following is a good stylisHc rule for naming fields?

(A) Start with a lower case leker.

(B) Use a single lower case leker.
(C) Start with an upper case leker.
(D) Use all caps.
(E) Use the names of friends, where possible, like Johnny, Larry, Suzy, and Parul.

11
30. Consider the following code segment:

int x = 0, y = 3;
String op = new String("/");

if (op.equals("/") && (x != 0) && (y/x > 2))

{
System.out.println("Okay");
}
else
{
System.out.println("Failed");
}

Which of the following statements about this code is true?

(A) There will be an error at compile Hme, because String and int variables are intermixed in the same condiHon.
(B) There will be an error at run Hme, due to division by zero.
(C) The code will compile and execute without error. The output will be OK.
(D) The code will compile and execute without error. The output will be Failed.
(E) The code will compile and execute without error. There will be no output (nothing printed).

31. Consider the following classes:

public class Secret

{
private int coolnum;

public Secret (int c)

{
coolnum = c;
}

public int getcoolnum ( )

{
return coolnum;
}

public String getleoers ( )

{
return "Secret";
}

public String getMessage ( )

{
return getleoers() + " - " + getcoolnum();
}
}

12
public class Code extends Secret
{
public Code (int c)
{
super(c + 1);
}

public int getcoolnum ( )

{
return super.getcoolnum() + 1;
}

public String getleoers ( )

{
return "Code";
}
}

What is the output of the following code fragment?

Secret scramble = new Code(0);

System.out.println(scramble.getMessage());

(A) Secret - 0
(B) Secret - 1
(C) Secret - 2
(D) Code - 1
(E) Code - 2

32. Consider the following code segment

int [] array = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12};

for (int k = 2; k < array.length - 1; k++)

{
array[k] = array[k + 1];
}

Which of the following represents the contents of array as a result of execuHng the code segment?

(A) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
(B) 2, 6, 6, 8, 10, 12
(C) 2, 4, 8, 8, 10, 12
(D) 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 12
(E) 2, 6, 8, 10, 12, 12

13
33. Consider the following class definiHons.

public class ClassTwo extends ClassOne

{
public void methodTwo ( )
{
}
}

public class ClassOne

{
public void methodOne ( )
{
}

public void methodTwo ( )

{
}
}

Now, consider the following declaraHons in a client class. You may assume that ClassOne and ClassTwo have default
constructors.

ClassOne c1 = new ClassOne();

ClassOne c2 = new ClassTwo();

Which of the following method calls will cause an error?

I. c1.methodTwo();
II. c2.methodTwo();
III. c2.methodOne();

(A) None of these

(B) I only
(C) II only
(D) III only
(E) II and III only

34. Consider the following declaraHons.

public interface Comparable

{
public int compareTo(Object other);
}

public class SomeClass implements Comparable

{
// ... other methods not shown
}

14
Which of the following method signatures of compareTo will saHsfy the Comparable interface requirement?

II I. public int compareTo(Object other)

I II. public int compareTo(SomeClass other)
III. public boolean compareTo(Object other)

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I, II, and III

35. A car dealership needs a program to store informaHon about the cars for sale. For each car, they want to
keep track of the following informaHon: number of doors (2 or 4), whether the car has air condiHoning, and its
average number of miles per gallon. Which of the following is the best design?

(A) Use one class, Car, which has three data fields: int numDoors, boolean hasAir, and double milesPerGallon.
(B) Use four unrelated classes: Car, Doors, AirCondi`oning, and MilesPerGallon.
(C) Use a class Car which has three subclasses: Doors, AirCondi`oning, and MilesPerGallon.
(D) Use a class Car, which has a subclass Doors, with a subclass AirCondi`oning, with a subclass MilesPerGallon.
(E) Use three classes: Doors, AirCondi`oning, and MilesPerGallon, each with a subclass Car.

36. Which of the following statements about interfaces and abstract classes is TRUE?

(A) An abstract class cannot extend another abstract class.

(B) If an abstract class has no implemented constructors or methods, it is beker to make it an interface.
(C) An abstract class cannot implement an interface.
(D) You can declare an array of objects of an abstract class type, but not of an interface type.
(E) A method can take a parameter of an interface type, but not of an abstract class type.

37. What are “overloaded” methods?

(A) Methods in a derived class that redefine a method from the base class
(B) Methods of a class that create objects of the same class
(C) Methods of the same class that have the same name but different numbers or types of parameters
(D) Methods of different classes that have the same name
(E) Methods that are taking too many final exams

38. Suppose the isPrime method is defined:

// returns true if p is a prime number, false otherwise

// precondi`on: p >= 2
public sta`c boolean isPrime (int p)
{
// code not shown
}
Given:
int n = 101;
int sum = 0;

15
Which of the following code segments correctly computes the sum of all prime numbers from 2 to 101?

(A) while (n != 2)
{
n--;
if (isPrime(n))
{
sum += n;
}
}

(B) while (n >= 2)

{
n--;
if (isPrime(n))
{
sum += n;
}
}

(C) while (n != 2)
{
if (isPrime(n))
{
sum += n;
}
n--;
}

(D) while (n >= 2)

{
if (isPrime(n))
{
sum += n;
}
n--;
}

(E) while (n >= 2 && isPrime(n))

{
sum += n;
n--;
}
39. The number of comparisons in Bubble Sort in an array of n elements is roughly proporHonal to

(A) n
(B) n log n
(C) (log n)2
(D) n2
(E) n3

16
40. Consider the following statements about the Java programming language:

I. Parameters of primiHve data types are always passed “by value”.

II. Objects are always passed to methods and constructors as copies of references.
III. A method can also have a return type of some class. That means the method returns a reference to an object of that
class.

Which of the following is true?

(A) I only
(B) I and II only
(C) II and III only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III

41. As a general "rule of thumb" (a general rule), it is a good idea to make

(A) all class instance variables private.

(B) all class instance variables public.
(C) class variables a mix of public and private, according to the purpose of the variable.
(D) class variables a mix of public, protected, and private, according to the purpose of the variable.
(E) class variables a mix of protected and private, according to the purpose of the variable.

42. Given the declaraHon

Object obj = new String("Finals Week!");
Which of the following expressions will compile with no errors?

I. System.out.println(obj.substring(3,9));

II. if (obj.equals("Finals Week!"))

{
System.out.println("Great!");
}

III. if (obj.compareTo("Finals Week!") == 0)

{
System.out.println("Terrific!");
}

(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and II only (D) II and III only (E) I, II, and III

43. The class CourseList provides methods that allow you to represent and manipulate a list of high school courses, but
you are not concerned with how these operaHons work or how the list is stored in memory. You only know how to
iniHalize and use CourseList objects and have no direct access to the implementaHon of the CourseList class or its
private data fields. This is an example of
(A) encapsulaHon
(B) overriding
(C) inheritance
(D) polymorphism
(E) method overloading

17
44. What is the output of the following code segment?

String mv1 = "Can't wait ";

String mv2 = mv1;
mv2 += "for vaca`on! ";
System.out.println(mv1 + mv2);

(A) "Can't wait Can't wait for vaca`on!"

(B) "Can't wait for vaca`on! Can't wait for vaca`on!"
(C) "Can't wait for vaca`on!"
(D) "Can't wait for vaca`on! for vaca`on!"
(E) "Can't wait for school to start again!"

45. What is the result when the following code segment is compiled and executed?

int m = 4, n = 5;
double d = Math.sqrt ((m + n) / 2);
System.out.println (d);

(A) the following syntax error occurs: "sqrt(double) in java.lang.Math cannot be applied to int"
(B) 1.5 is printed
(C) 2.0 is printed
(D) 2.1213203435596424 is printed
(E) a ClassCastExcep`on is thrown

46. Consider the following code segment:

while (x > y)
{
x--;
y++;
}
System.out.println(x - y);

Assume that x and y are int variables and their values saHsfy the condiHons 0 <= x <= 2 and 0 <= y <= 2 before the
start of the while loop. Which of the following describes the set of all possible outputs?

(A) 0
(B) -1, 1
(C) -1, -2
(D) 0, -1, -2
(E) 0, -1, 1, -2, 2

18
FREE RESPONSE

1. Consider the hierarchy of classes shown in the following diagram.

Note that a Cat “is-a” Pet, a Dog “is-a” Pet, and a LoudDog “is-a” Dog. The class Pet is shown in the following
declaraHon.

public class Pet

{
private String myName;

public Pet (String name)

{ myName = name; }

public String getName()

{ return myName; }

public String speak()

{ return “ah-OOOOO”; }
}

The subclass Dog has the parHal class declaraHon shown below.

public class Dog extends Pet

{
public Dog (String name)
{ /* implementa`on not shown */ }

public String speak ()

{ /* implementa`on not shown */ }
}

19
(a) Given the class hierarchy shown above, write a complete class declaraHon for the class Cat, including
implementaHons of its constructor and method(s). The Cat method speak returns “meow” when it is invoked. Note
that the method speak will need to be overridden in Cat.

(b) Assume that class Dog has been declared as shown at the beginning of the quesHon. If the String dog-sound is
returned by the Dog method speak, then the LoudDog method speak returns a String containing dog-sound
repeated two Hmes. (note that we do not know the String for dog-sound)

Given the class hierarchy shown previously, write a complete class declaraHon for the class LoudDog, including
implementaHons of its constructors and method(s).

20
2. Consider a class, NoteKeeper, that is designed to store and manipulate a list of short notes. Here are some typical
notes:

pick up drycleaning
special dog chow
dog registraHon
denHst Monday
study for APCS quiz

The incomplete class declaraHon is shown below:

public class NoteKeeper

{
private ArrayList<String> noteList;

// Postcondi`on: Prints all notes in noteList, one per line.

// Notes are numbered 1, 2, 3, …
// Each number is followed by a period and a space.
public void printNotes ( )
{
/* to be implemented in part (a) */
}

// Postcondi`on: All notes with specified word have been removed from noteList, leaving the order of the
// remaining notes unchanged. If none of the notes in noteList contains word, the list remains
// unchanged.
public void removeNotes(String word)
{
/* to be implemented in part (b) */
}

// Constructor and other methods not shown . . .

}

(a) Write the NoteKeeper method printNotes. The printNotes method prints all of the notes in noteList, one per line,
and numbers the notes, starHng at 1. The output should look like this:

1. pick up drycleaning
2. special dog chow
3. dog registraHon
4. denHst Monday
5. study for APCS quiz

21
Complete method printNotes below.

// Postcondi`on: Prints all notes in noteList, one per line.

// Notes are numbered 1, 2, 3, …
// Each number is followed by a period and a space.
public void printNotes ( )

(b) Write the NoteKeeper method removeNotes. Method removeNotes removes all notes from noteList that contain
the word specified by the parameter. The ordering of the remaining notes should be le0 unchanged. For example,
suppose that a NoteKeeper variable, notes, has a noteList containing

[pick up drycleaning, special dog chow, dog registraHon, denHst Monday, study for APCS quiz]

The method notes.removeNotes(“dog”) should modify the noteList of notes to be

[pick up drycleaning, denHst Monday, study for APCS quiz]

Complete method removeNotes below.

// Postcondi`on: All notes with specified word have been removed from noteList, leaving the order of the
// remaining notes unchanged. If none of the notes in noteList contains word, the list remains
// unchanged.
public void removeNotes(String word)

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3. Consider the class hierarchy diagram shown to the right.

PersonalInfo is an interface that is implemented by Employee. A PartTimeEmployee is-a Employee. Here is the
declaraHon for PersonalInfo.

public interface PersonalInfo

{
String getName();
String getCity();
boolean getCi`zenStatus();
}

(a) Given the class hierarchy diagram shown above, write a complete class declaraHon for the class Employee, including
implementaHon of methods and a constructor with parameters. An Employee, in addiHon to implemenHng
PersonalInfo, has a data field to store annual salary, and an accessor method that returns the annual salary of the
Employee. Write the Employee class below, or on the mulHple choice answer sheet.

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(b) Write a complete class declaraHon for the PartTimeEmployee class, given the class hierarchy shown above. A
PartTimeEmployee has two addiHonal data fields:

- A floaHng point number that indicates the fracHon that the part-Hme employee works (for example, 0.5, 0.8, etc.)

- A boolean field that stores whether the employee is a union member or not.

There are three addiHonal methods:

- An accessor that returns the floaHng point number fracHon that the PartTimeEmployee works.

- An accessor that returns a value indicaHng whether the PartTimeEmployee is a union member or not.

- A mutator that switches the status of that employee’s union membership. If the employee’s salary is

greater than $15,000, then employee is not a union member. Otherwise, the employee is a union member.

Write the PartTimeEmployee class below, or on the mulHple choice answer sheet.

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