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20 views19 pages

Sud 1

Uploaded by

abdulrahmanemam228
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‫بسم الله الرحمن الرح مي‬

Substance Use Disorders

ABDULLAH MEKKY
• The problem of substance use is becoming one of
the most serious and rapidly growing phenomena
in EGYPT and the world
Substance Use Disorders
• Addiction –
• A brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement
in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences
• Substance use disorder –
• A condition in which the use of substances leads to clinically and
functionally significant impairment or distress
DEFENITIONS
• Addictive behavior –
• A behavior that is both rewarding and reinforcing

• Addictive drug –
• A drug that is both rewarding and reinforcing
DEFENITIONS
• Psychological dependence – dependence that involves emotional–
motivational withdrawal symptoms (e.g., dysphoria , insomnia and
anxiety)
• Physical dependence – dependence that involves persistent
physical–somatic withdrawal symptoms (e.g., fatigue and delirium -
pain- seizure)
DEFENITIONS
• Tolerance –
• the diminishing effect of a drug resulting from repeated
administration at a given dose

• withdrawal –
• symptoms that occur upon cessation of repeated drug use
DEFENITIONS
• A drug
• is defined (by WHO) as any substance that, when taken into the
living organism, may modify one or more of its functions

A psychoactive drug
• is one that is capable of altering the mental functioning.
substance use disorders
• There are four important patterns of, which may overlap with each
other
• 1- Acute intoxication,
• 2- Withdrawal state,
• 3- Dependence syndrome, and
• 4- Harmful use.
A cute Intoxication

• acute intoxication is a transient condition following the


administration of alcohol or other psycho active substance, resulting
in disturbances in level of consciousness, cognition, perception,
affect or behavior, or other psychophysiological functions and
responses
Withdrawal State

• A withdrawal state is characterized by a cluster of symptoms, often


specific to the drug used, which develop on total or partial withdrawal
of a drug, usually after repeated and/or high-dose use.

• This, too, is a short-lasting syndrome with usual duration of few


hours to few days. Typically, the patient reports that the withdrawal
symptoms are relieved by further substance use.
Dependence Syndrome

1. The dependence syndrome is a cluster of physiological, behavioral,


and cognitive phenomena in which the use of a substance or a
class of substances takes on a much higher priority for a given
individual than other behavior's that once had greater value.
Dependence Syndrome

• A central descriptive characteristic of the dependence syndrome is


the desire to take psychoactive substances (which may or may not
have been medically prescribed), alcohol, or tobacco.
Diagnosis
• DSM 5 tr criteria of subestance used
• The DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,
Fifth Edition, Text Revision) outlines criteria for diagnosing substance use
disorders (SUDs). These criteria are grouped into four main categories:
impaired control, social problems, risky use, and pharmacological criteria.
Here are the 11 criteria:
1.Using more of the substance than intended.
2.Unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use.
3.Spending a lot of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the substance.
4.Cravings or strong desire to use the substance.
Diagnosis

5 . Failing to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home


due to substance use.
6 . Continued use despite having persistent or recurrent social or
interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the
substance.
7 . Giving up or reducing important social, occupational, or
recreational activities because of substance use.
8 .Using substances in physically hazardous situations.
9 . Continued use despite knowledge of having a persistent or
recurrent physical or psychological problem that is likely to have been
caused or exacerbated by the substance.
Diagnosis
10 . Tolerance, as defined by either a need for markedly increased amounts
of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect, or a markedly
diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance
11 . Withdrawal, as manifested by either the characteristic withdrawal
syndrome for the substance, or the same (or a closely related) substance is
taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms.
• A diagnosis of SUD is made based on the number of criteria met:
• Mild: 2-3 criteria.
• Moderate: 4-5 criteria.
• Severe: 6 or more criteria.
• Would you like more information on any specific aspect of these criteria
Harmful Use (substance abuse)

• Harmful use is characterized by: 1. Continued drug use, despite the


awareness of harmful medical and/or social effect of the drug being
used, and/or

• 2. A pattern of physically hazardous use of drug (e.g. driving during


intoxication). The diagnosis requires that the actual damage should
have been caused to the mental or physical health of the user.
Prevalence in EGYPT
• The lifetime prevalence of any substance use varies between
7% and 14%.
• One-month prevalence varies between 5% and 11% when
adjusted to different population parameters.
• 9% were identified as using illicit substances at least once
in their life.
• experimental and social use (3%),
• regular use (4%),
• substance dependence (1.6%)
prevalence
• The prevalence of substance use in males is 13.2% and 1.1% in
females.
• Prevalence increases significantly in males of Bedouin origin, in
seaside governorates, with lesser levels of education, and in certain
occupations.
• The 15-19 age group showed the highest onset of substance use.
Cannabis is the drug mostly misused in Egypt; alcohol is a distant
second.
THANK YOU

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