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Unit 1 Solutions Cleaned

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10 views4 pages

Unit 1 Solutions Cleaned

Uploaded by

sanket
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Solutions to Unit 1 Questions

1. Stresses in a Compound Bar:

A compound bar consists of:

- Aluminum: 40 mm x 20 mm, E = 1 x 10^5 N/mm^2

- Steel: 60 mm x 15 mm, E = 2 x 10^5 N/mm^2

Given:

- Length of bar: 600 mm

- Axial tensile force: 60 kN

Solution Steps:

1. Calculate area of aluminum (A_a) and steel (A_s):

A_a = 40 x 20 = 800 mm^2, A_s = 60 x 15 = 900 mm^2

2. Calculate stresses in aluminum and steel using compatibility of deformation:

Let stress_a and stress_s be stresses in aluminum and steel respectively.

Deformation compatibility: stress_a / E_a = stress_s / E_s

Substitute values: stress_a = 0.5 * stress_s

3. Equilibrium of axial forces:

Total force = 60 kN:

stress_a * A_a + stress_s * A_s = 60 x 10^3

Solve for stress_s:

stress_s = 48 N/mm^2, stress_a = 24 N/mm^2


4. Calculate extension of the compound bar:

Total extension delta = (stress_a * L / E_a) + (stress_s * L / E_s)

delta = 0.144 mm

Answer:

- Stress in aluminum: 24 N/mm^2

- Stress in steel: 48 N/mm^2

- Extension: 0.144 mm

2. Procedure for Thermal Stresses in Composite Bar:

Steps:

1. Calculate free expansion or contraction using delta_L = alpha * L * delta_T.

2. Use equilibrium of forces to find constraints.

3. Relate stress using stress = E * strain.

4. Solve for stresses in each material.

3. Change in Length of a Steel Rod:

Given:

- Cross-sectional area: 25 mm^2

- Loading at points K, L, M, N.

Use deformation formulas for each section to find total change in length.

4. Stress and Deformation of Hollow Cast-Iron Cylinder:

Given:

- Length: 4 m, outer diameter: 300 mm, thickness: 50 mm

- Stress: 75 MPa, E = 1.5 x 10^5 MPa


Solution:

(i) Magnitude of load: P = stress * A

(ii) Longitudinal strain: strain = stress / E

(iii) Decrease in length: delta_L = strain * L

5. Elongation of Brass Bar:

Given:

- Area = 1000 mm^2, E = 1.05 x 10^5 N/mm^2

- Use delta_L = P * L / (A * E).

6. Stresses in Circular Compound Bar:

Given:

- Steel rod (d = 25 mm) inside copper tube (d_i = 25 mm, d_o = 40 mm)

- Load = 120 kN

Solution:

Calculate stresses using equilibrium and compatibility equations.

7. Force Causing Decrease in Length (Steel and Aluminum Bar):

Given:

- Elastic moduli (E_s, E_a), and total decrease in length.

- Use compatibility and equilibrium equations.

8. Definition of Stress and Strain:

Stress: Force per unit area.

Types:
- Normal stress (tensile/compressive)

- Shear stress

Strain: Deformation per unit length.

Types:

- Longitudinal

- Shear

9. Reactions at Supports (Bar with Rigid Supports):

Procedure:

- Apply equilibrium conditions (sum of forces = 0).

- Use compatibility of deformation to find reactions.

10. Thermal Forces in Steel and Copper Rod:

Given:

- Temperature rise: 50°C, coefficients of expansion, and elastic moduli.

- Forces and stresses from compatibility and equilibrium.

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