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Aod Ulike

Important questions

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Riya Rana
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Based on the above information, answer the following questic (0 Ket’w metres denote the length of the side ofthe garden perpendicular to the Brick ya ¥’ metres denote the length of the side parallel to the brick wall. Determine fig representing the fotal length of fencing wire and also write AC) the area of the garde ) Determine the maximum value of A(x) Sol. ( Length of wire = (2x + y) m= 200m ar+y Area of the garden 200, which is the required relation A(x) = Length = Breadth A(x) = xy = x(200 - 2x) A) = 200% — : iG =r 1 “ 9 => 200-4x=0 = : x =50 Again, differentiating (3) with respect to x, we get EAE 4 ax? A(x) is maximum when x = 50 and maximum value of A(x) is given by A(a) = 50(200-2 x 50) = 50(100) = 5000 m2, Case Study —2 The relation between the height of the plant (y in em) with respect to exposure to sunlight is gove™ by the following equation y = 4x - 152, where xis the number of days exposed to sunlight. Based on the above information, answer the following questions : (9 Find the rate of growth of the plant with respect to exposure to sunlight a (i) What is the number of days it will take for the plant to grow to the maximum helght? a (iif) What is the maximum height of the plant? oe a Sol. (i Gi) ii) The profit function is P(x) = ~ 5x? + 125x + 37,500 Differentiating with respect to x, we get FO) jo 4125 dx Again, differentiating with respect to x, we get PO) 19 dx? For maximum or minimum value of profit function P(x), we have -0<0 Profit function, P(x) is maximum when production is x = 12.5. Maximum profit = P(x) when x = 12.5 5x (12.5? + 125 x 12.5 + 37,500 = - 781.25 +1 (562.5 + 37500 = 38,28195 Profit is strictly increas = -10x+125>0 = 10x<125 > x 5x?— 125x +750 = 0 > 2? 25x + 150 = => x°-15x—10x + 150 =0 => x(¥-15)- 10-15) =0 > Hence, (@-15)(-10)=0 => x=150rxei) Profit is € 38,250 when production is 15 or 10, Case Study ee pitterentiating With respect tox, we Ret PO 0.204 Iris given that 6 is 4 critical point of the function. fh LO)=O sy -0ax6+me0 oe mata ui) Parting the value oF min (2), we get co) PO) ® 0.204126 0.20 ~~ {5h paue =G) Hence, the function is strictly increasing in the interval [0, 6] and strictly decreasing in the interval ie 2h Or PRO => -02x-6)=0 = x26 Ditferentiating (9) with respect tox, we get PO) en 02 “4 Atr=O/O)eO and /'6)=-02<0 By second order derivative test, 6 is a point of local maximum. The local maximum value atx = 6 @RO) = ~O1 NO + 12K 6 + 8 Now, RO) = 98.6, 6) = 102.2 and AU) =~ O1 D4 12S 12+ ORE = 14 + 14 + 98.6 = 98.6 & Absolute maximum value of f(x) in interval [0, 12] is 102.2 atx = 6 and absolute minimum value of f(x) in interval [0, 12] is 98,6 at x = 0 and x = 12. ct the most appropriate answver from the given options : = 26 +7.2+986 = 1022 \ The interval. in which function y = x° + 6x" + 6 is increasing is ICRSE 2002} # (-«,-a)U@,«) @ Gx) © CAO @ C= HUB) 2 The value of x for which (x=) is maximum, is ICBSE 222] a3 mt @t oi X Aire of length 20 cm is bent in the form of a sector of a circle. The maximum area that can be ‘enclosed by the wire is (CBSE ARQ] @ %eq.cn @ Bsqan © sq em @ Ran * The function (x— sin x} decreases for : e — @ Oex R’be defined by fix) 2y + con 1, then / {NCERT Exemplar) Tg) hasa minimum atx = x, () has a maximum ate % 0. a he dec ee (d) is an increasing, function. a1 tank of radius 10 m is being filled with wheat at the rate of 314 cubic metre per hour. depth of the wheat is increasing at the rate of ® O1m/h © Lim/n W) 05 m/b 3 The interval in which the function fix) = 2x° + 9? + 1241 is decreasing, is [CBSE 2023] aces) @ 2-1) © @=, -2) @ Ea" ———\__ ANSWERS 1@ 20 30 4 5% 60 72H 88 90 nO 2O 2H BO we 6m 16 @ 17. () 18 (b) w@ 20. @) 21 & ——\_—-HINTS/soLUTIONS ~—\|_ —— 2 The given function is f(x) = x - x? wa (2) Differentiating (1) with respect to x, we get treo 21-2 > f@)=1-2 2) for maximum or minimum value, f(x) = 0 > 1-2-0 = x=} ’ 1a pte lo of exceed Ug cet engl 20cm ac om be length feo pa ‘ Obethe angle ofthe iam a £0) = 632 3x + 2x — 6) = 6{x(x ~3) + 2(x—3)} = (4-3 +2) : FQ) =O = 6(x-3)(r42)=0 = x23 o x=-2 a e points divide whole real line into three disjoint intervals, viz., (~ ©, - 2), (2,3) and (3, »°)- ge 1: When x <~2;f'(X) = 6(x + 2)(— 3) = (+ve) (-ve)(-ve) = (+ve) _ fas strictly increasing in (—=, 2), case 2: When -2.< ¥< 3; f(x) = 6(x + 2)(x 3) = (4+ve) (4ve)(-ve) = (-ve) |_ fa) strictly decreasing in (~2, 3), case 3: When x > 3;f" “O) = 6x + 2)(x~ 3) = (+ve) (+ve(+ve) = (+ve) wa) is strictly increasing in (3, =), «the given function is fx) = + cos. + 5 pifierentiating W-r.t. x, we get wn) d d ay [OD = Gy + 008 + b)=1—sin x20 Hence, the function f(x) is strictly increasing V xe R. No value of b exists for the function fix) is strictly decreasing over R. 4 Thegiven function is fix) = (10 +x) 100 — x? 0) Differentiating with respect to x, we get a 1 f(x) = 0+x) (-2x)+ Ji00 = 3? x@+) co 2,100 - x? : d x(10 + x) F_ -10x-x2+100-x? 100-10 -2x > f(x) = - J + Y100-"° = = ax 100 - x? 100 - x? 100 — 7 Again differentiating with respect to x, we get 100 — x? (— 10 = 4x) — (100 — 10 = x” Saas @ f(x) _ dx? (ico =x? (-10 - 4x)(100 — ae) 000s ~10x—x?)x _ 2x3 ~ =m, (Q-2x) if @fG) _ ax? (100 = x’ 23 (oo — ie a Formaximum or minimum value of fix), we have 7 F(a) =0 = x 4+5y-50=0 OO —_—— : flt) = 4sin? x— 6902 gs He Pisce *>6sin? x4 12 sin. x +100 > @ Sin” X 00s x~ 12 sin x c08 412.08 x = 1260 2 208 x (sin : (sin? x ~ sin x41)= 12.c0s x{sin? x4 (I~ sin x)} -sin x20 and sin?x 20 Now, gntxti-sinx20 gayis increasing when cos x>0 jv re( R a gx) is decreasing when cos x<0 ie, x¢ (3 an (2.38) «(F-F} so, Aix) is decreasing in ( wl x} 1a. Here, X + C08 x sinx>O0VxreR Thus, f(x) = 2x + cos xis an increasing function. 3. Let rand ft be the radius and height of the cylindrical tank. Let V denote volume of the cylindrical tank V=nrh Given, r=10 mand 4Y ~ 314 cubicmetre per hour dt pe av dA gk ah MY eA Gerth ad dh dt a (xr at (x(10 100n- at = 314 = 100.14) = 2a hr dt dt Hence, the depth is increasing at the rate of I m/h. 2. Thegiven function is fx) = 2x9 + 9x2 + 12x-1 a) Differentiating with respect to x, we get 2x3 + 9x7 + 12x -1) =2.3x7 + 9.2x + 12-0 = = 6(x2 + 3x +2) = 6(x2 + 2x +x +2) = 6lx(x +2) + +2) = 6(x +2) +1) @) Now, 0 => 6(x+2)(x+1)=0 > 1, which are the critical values. These values of x give rise to following intervals (a)x<-2 (b#) -2-1 When x <—2, say x=—2.1,f"(x) = (+ve)(-ve)(-ve) = +ve fix) is increasing for x <- 2 When ~2 0. dx = If the radius of a circle is increasing at the uniform rate of 3 cm/s. At hein, when the radius of the circle is 2 cm, its area increases at the rate of 127 cm’k, : Rate of change of radius = 2, rate of change of area = = 5 = If the radius of the circle is increasing at the rate of 0.5 cm/s, them the ne) increase of its circumference is 2 cm/s. + Rate of change of radius = «, rate of change of circumference = € 7 : The least value of the function f(x) = ax +2 (a>0,b>0,x>0) is 2b. x ay : pee te dy + Any function fix) is maximum at x = a if atx =a, = aa : Maximum value of (cos™ x)? is x*. + Range of the principal value branch of cos"!y is 3 i + fla) has a minimum at x = 1, a 2 ail SONS = fa cap OV re R= 12} = fis decreasing V xe R (9), Ae) =tanx-x = PQ)= =-fax)is increasing VxreR sec y-120VxeR ‘ FR)=e = Faye A (5x) = 09¥(5) = 50° >0Vx 2 fi)is increasing VxeR , Sos) = fit) is decreasing VxeR 5 $0) = 32 —8x + 20 = 32 — Bx + 16+ 4 = (x4)? +42 4 for all values of x. = Minimum value of f(x) is 4. 6. Letom be the radius and A be the area ofthe circle at any time t A= Diferentiating with respect to t, we get dA dr dr A n(2rdt) = 2nr dt (1) Since the radius of the circle is increasing at the uniform rate of 3 cm/s. dr dt eM => fiz)e os 8 (28m e2(-2)=-20" cOV LER =3cm/s Rate of change of area when radius is 2 cm = arr th = 2nx2x3=12mem?/s dt . et om be the radius and C be the circumference of the circle at any time f. C =2nr erecnr esa respect to t, we get a ote =) Theabsolute maximum Value gfya ys 47” 4 Vh2=8-6+2—4 Bre 2indsr Ofor all x >0 ie #2 Oatwaysh Hence, the given function fis increasing for all x > 0. 1 Theside of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of Zcm/s. At what rate is ite area increasing of the triangle is 20 cm ? Sol Let rbe the side of an equilateral triangle. Itis given that the side of an equilateral triangle is increases atthe rate 2 cm/s, then dx it wae 2cm/s A IA denote the area of an equilateral triangle, then A= Gide? = a-Be Now, the rate of change of area of an equilateral triangle is given by = Tac ae es a — 3 (20)(2)= 2008 em’ls at lben x= 20¢given) 2 S * Aladder 5 m long is leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled along the ground, away from the wall, at the rate of 2 cm/s. How fast is its height on the wall decreasing when the foot ofthe ladder is 4 m away from the wall? : : of le 3 sides of an isosceles triangle. It is given that the two equal sides of an isosceles ig at the rate of 9 cm per second, then 9em/s : sa. the area of isosceles triangle, then ark 1 eee fate t ; A 3 (Base Height) = 5 x ax jx? =f var a he rate of change of area of an isosceles triangle is given by : 4 a = eae 4}aJaeoae dt | dp Be [Using @y] 2 dA| axa 90? _ -99? = x(-9) = —e- =-3 Va cm?/s = 4a? — a? Vant VBa the area of an isosceles triangle is decreasing at the rate of — 3V3a cm/s. 2x + cot! x+ log (y+? 2) is increasing in R. ICBSE 2019} have f(x) =2x + cot x + log (+x? — x) eee | ene lex ex -x (2fiv® 1 x—Jl+x Avex fier 242%? - (+ 2P ete — En ae ae ke mMaXiMUM profit that 72+ 42x- 27, where xis the @ company can make, if the profit function is given BY number of units and P is the profit in rupees profit function is given by [CBSE Sample Question Paper 2024) The . with nae 2 tae? (a) pitierentiating with respect to x, we get 4p d P= Lars 0-24 PX) = 0442-2 = 21-3) a formaximwm or minimum values, P'(x) = 0 2Q1-x)—20 = x=21 na or minima, thus. x= 21 is the possible point of local maxi pitferentiating (2) with r espect to x, we get P"(x) = 200-1) =-2<0 e7 atx PL 0, P*(21) =-2<0 $9, = 21 isa point of local maximum. Maximum value of profit = P(21) = 72 + 42(21) ~ (21)? = 72 + 882-441 = 8513 —\ SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS \___ iactof the following questions are of 3 marks. |. Awater tank has the shape of an inverted right circular cone with its axis vertical and vertex lower most. Its semi-vertical angle is tan ( : )- Waters poured into it ata constant rate of 5 cubic metre perminute. Find the rate at which the level of the water is rising at the instant when the depth of water in the tank is 10 m. So, Let VAB be conical water tank. At any time t, the water in the conical water tank also forms a cone. Let rbe the radius, fr be the height, 0 be a semi-vertical angle and V be the volume of the cone at any time t r Then, Be: en, tana= 7 ~ a=tan (2) oe ers (3) [Given] [Using (1)] (2) FG) =0 oe (2-D@ +1) =0 % oe =O or 4100 Ss i ot Bae ei en iid 2 re points x= — Vand x=1 divide the real line into three disjoint intervals, namely, (~ , ~1), (ly D nd (1) " Steet x>1 a aie eee Let us, turn by turn, check the sign of the derivative in these intervals and then decide whether fis increasing or decreasing in the intervals, : ties Sign of @) Toe, jervl am Intervals ee s oe 3x3 — Doe? +1) Nature of fix) | z | y) = Ee - oa 1 (or increasing) ELD S + i cn ee 4 (or decreasing) ge a) + + + Oe). * (or increasing) Hence, fis strictly increasing for x <~1 or x >1 and strictly decreasing for (1, 0) U (0, 1). 4 4. Find the intervals in which the function flx) = a ~ 5x? + 24x + 12 is @) strictly increasing, (b) strictly decreasing. [CBSE 2018} Sl. The given function is foy= 2 P54 2x + 12 e() Differentiating w.nt. x, we get f'(x) = 38 - 3x? — 108 + 24 +2) Putting x=2, we get f'(2) = (2))-32)?- 10(2) + 24= 8-12-20 + 24=0 * 0-2) isa factor of f(x). Peanbe written ak OE HERS is entra When ae 8 art s 223,98 penn rene teamed tren @ +3,9.8 weer PEMA com . S. > ay PEE any [Ditferentiating want x] see ceReN ORNS POH 2 = WAESSMNSO = AN) * waren * a a * xe ZF teve @2n boxsans Fone zand.re(@. 20] appnveng the Bist derteative test x aes ‘ x x * Ss <> Siightly > > idl ees rs i: eve ave | Spa" son e~as {cosine is larger than sine) | _ (Cosine is smalller than sine) _ | has, F(X) changes its sign from sve to ve as x inereaaes through ‘So ed has a local maxima ate = 4 Ss Now, ata = = str gatatcost of construction ofthe godown = (Ahay + 3k) Cady + 3k? C= ate( 4) +ale? «ane HY iating with respect to x, we get x ¥ MO) _ oy, ARV a ss ximum or minimum value of C, forma ao AKV 6e-F =0 = ore 5 pi _ ele 7 3 3 2 evy'3 _ asvy? v PS CViss na te 4, An open box with a square base is to be made out of a given quantity of cardboard of area square 3 units, Show that the maximum volume of the box is ae cubic units. INCERT Exemplar, CBSE 2012) Gi Letzbe the side of the square base and y be the height of the open box, then according to the given information = $ =x7 + 4xy=C (given) a) ot Very 2) } ke Sac Repro fg ota] muciace area cad volume af open Bot Wits tis: agg from (1), we have ee : 4xy=0-27 me rej --@) From (2) and (3), we have f : : Ve Hetr-2] @ um of their volumes is minimum valu th side 21 anrx + 6nr?] a =0 SUmeRE Gr yy a5 OG 4 =4/- 4x? Now, a | Gur + + 12K eve 4n?, c aa fee ln [-n>0,r>0] sum of their voh is mini Hence, the S Volumes V is minimum when x = 3¢ iv. when x = 3 times the radius of the sphere and the minimum value of the sum of their volumes = 2178 + 2nr A)= 37127 + ani. ithe sum n of lengths of hypotenuse and a side of a right angled triangle is given, show that area of triangle is maximum, when the angle between them is = sg Let ABC bea right angled triangle with base BC =x and hypotenuse AB =h such that x +h =k, where Kisconstant. Let 0 be the angle between the base and hypotenuse. let be the area of a right angled triangle, then 1 1 A= 5BC.AC = Safi? [~ ac= JAB? — BC? = Ji? =? ] aN Abs Fuee—x) {CBSE 2016} " A Fk 224] [vx+hekoh=k-x] 2 Aa Fle? — 2k] Differentiating, oe sides wart, x, we get 2ath = a 2k(3x")] mae - Boke a fing 4 Sing =0, then’ ii qa lPx- 3k] =0 ‘ = Baars a ker or x= 4 3 Ween aj | h 5| yt P39 = Pane 3 Now, £Y| as xc 6H) =-20h-<0 ay Ww gn? Vis maximum when ? = 3h? sa *Vismaximum when Es 1 Vis maximum when /t = Te av ii ‘Now, e ag) ET OR 1) = mIR6 - 72) =~ 96R<0 = Volume of cylindrical box is maximum when x = 12.em. when x = 12cm, ¥= 18 == 18-12 = 6m __ The dimensions of the rectangle are 12 em and 6 em. = Maximum volume of cylindrical box = n(12)?(18 = 12) = M4 x 6n = 864% em? |Awindow has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle: If the perimeter of the window is 12 m, find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the largest area of the window. {CBSE 2011, 2084) [at ABCD be a rectangle and let the side of an equilateral triangle be AB = x = width of the rectangle and BC =y=length of the 7 Let Pe the perimeter and A be the area of the window, then » so 2y + 3r=P= 12m (given) poe a a A=xy+ Se “aren of aneuiate = 5 ide | = Awx} (2-3 + Be [Using (OT BS A= dc2r-3r)+ Be = #4 ~ F2-60 + Bay Formaximum or minimum value; “4 0 1 3 > y2—6x)+ a”, 12-6x+ J3x=0 = x6- J3)=12 " ook fa 5M 2-3 +0006 new S| eat ete + 0.866 <0. uv suppose the square is made from a wire of length xm, then Side of a square = = See .Q) ue also, thebreadth of arectangle = =4=% 5, 3), Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(28 + B)= 6B] 1etS denote the sum of areas of a square and the rectangle, then $= Area of a square + Area of a rectangle 2 § = Gide of a square)? + (Length of rectangle) x (Breadth of a rectangle) 2 e oa (3) + (2 times the Breadth of rectangle) x (Breadth of a rectangle) 2 34- e = s-(J (43 *\#) [Using @) and @)] =, =x? ~ oS ee ie Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get 18 For maximum or minimum, we have & 0 Now, = = Sis minimum when x= 16 m Hence, the length of one piece of wire = 16 m and the length of other piece of wire = (34 ~ 16) m= 18 m. 3. Find the coordinates of a point of the parabola y = x° + 7x + 2 which is closest to the straight line ¥=3x-3, “Sl Let Pix, y) be the required point on the parabola y= x" + 7x +2, then the coordinates of Pare (, 47x42), PM =Perpendicular distance of P(x, 3° + 7x + 2) from the line 3x—y—3=0 * pow that the altitude ; «sor ae i Hight circular cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in & phere of radius ris St 3 ~ Also find maximum volume in terms of volume of the sphere. ICBSE 2014] tbe the radius of the ces tober: Fey Phere and let x andy be the radius and altitude of the cone insribed from the figure, OP =OA=0p-, PL=y,OL=PL-PO=y-r OB? = O12 + pp? oe Payee 2 eee Bs B= + 2ry=y(2r-y) ofl) if Vbe the volume of the inscribed cone, then : x Vainxy 1 a Va sn ly2r-yly [Using (1)] 2 Va dairy) dv i ay 7 37-3 V1 tad: arta [vy #0] a 7) 2 Vismaximum when y = $n eee eles }. J-=G}- wil} ae 3.7 9 =n (22126 = Spo) gprtin d(x) 4 cvotameot necone) y7, Show that the Reight of the cylinder of maxim radius Ris um volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of Ya" Also find the maximum volume. [case 2019) J. Let ABCD be cylinder inscribed in a spl so bed cylinder especie @ sphere of radius R. Let r and h be radius and height of the In right angled triangle ABC, AB? +BC?=AC2 =» (2r? +1? = ary AR? ~ 1 Pea ad 4 Let V be the volume of the cylinder. 252 =e oH, =V= J mcanth 1) eel) Differentiating with respect to h, we get Lia eee Gi 7g MAR ~ 3h?) For maximum or minimum value of V, we have BV ig 8 rant apt = 4B 4-28 freight connote qe 70> Faia ~ 317) =0 = H= 2 [Height negative] Again, differentiating (3) mn respect to h, we get av 1 ee eee qmo- 6h) =— 3 Onn)

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