Name: _____________ date: ________

Unit 3: Linear Relations

A relation is a set of ordered pairs. The order of the two values or elements is important. The set of the first
elements in the ordered pairs is the domain of the relation. The set of the second elements is the range of the
relation.
eg. A relation is (1, 3) (2, 4) (5, 7)

Domain: {1, 2, 5} (x- values)

A relation can be described as: Range: { 3, 4, 7} (y- values)

 a set of ordered pairs

 a table of values
 in words:
 by an equation
 graph

Dependent Variable: the variable that depend on the other variable in a relationship.
“y” is the dependent variable

Independent Variable: the variable that does not depend on the other variable in a relationship.
“x” is the independent variable

Dependent
variable
*** When the graph of a relationship is a straight line,
it is called a LINEAR RELATIONSHIP

x
Independent variable

Refer to textbook page 142-144 or the glossary and complete the definitions:
Discrete data:

Continuous data:

Interpolate:

Extrapolate:

y-intercept:

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Example:

a) In the figure, state the independent and dependent variable.

b) Create a table of values comparing the number of squares and the figure number. Figure # # of
Squares
c) Describe the pattern

d) Write an equation that describes the pattern.

e) Graph the relation

f) How many squares are in figure 8? g) Which figure has 77 squares?

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Example: The graph represents the cost of working out in a gym, where C is the cost in dollars and n is number of
months.
C

60

Cost in dollars ($) 50

40

30

20

10

n
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Number of months

# of Cost ($)
a) Create a table of values. months

b) What is the fixed cost? (Initial cost)

c) What is the variable cost?

d) Write an equation to represent the relation.

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Example: A charity is planning on renting a hall for a fundraiser. The cost of renting the hall is $200. There is an
additional cost of $ 4 for each person, attending the fundraiser for the entrance fee.
a. Identify the fixed cost and the variable cost

b. Write an equation relating the cost, C in dollars, and the number of people, n.

Slope (m) is the steepness of a line. It is the ratio of the vertical distance (rise) and horizontal distance (run) between two
points.

To find the slope, m, of a line segment joining P1 ( x1, y1 ) and P2 ( x2, y 2 ) use the formula:
y 2  y1 rise
m or m
x 2  x1 run
The slope of a line is also the rate of change between any two points on the line.

The slope is equal to the change in y divided by the change in x.

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Properties of slope: i) line segments rising to the right have a positive slope

ii) line segments falling to the right have a negative slope

iii) a horizontal line has a slope of zero

iv) a vertical line has a slope that is undefined

Example 1: Find the slope of each line segment shown.

a) b) c)

Example 2: Find the slope of the line with the following points.
a) (4,8) and (2,1) b) (2,9) and (5,0)

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Example 3: Determine two more ordered pairs for the relation given that the rise is -5 and the run is 2 and the point (3, −1)
lies on the line

Example 4: A ladder is 5m long and reaches a window that is 4m above the ground. What is the slope of the ladder?

Example 5: Find the slope of this linear relation:

Time(s) Distance (m)

0 10

2 5

4 0

6 -5

8 -10

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 Graphing a Line using the Intercepts
 The x-intercept of a line is the x-coordinate of the point where the line intersects the x-axis. To find the x-intercept
of a line, substitute y = 0 into the equation and solve for x.
 The y-intercept of a line is the y-coordinate of the point where the line intersects the y-axis. To find the y-intercept
of a line, substitute x = 0 into the equation and solve for y.

a) Find the intercepts and then graph 2 x  3 y  18  0

The y-intercept is _____________ The x-intercept is ________

y
b) What is the slope of the line?






 c) Write the equation in the form
 y  mx  b
 x

                      






















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Example 2: Ivan works part time for a bike repair shop. He earns $2 for each tire he installs and $5 for each gear he assembles. His boss
can afford to pay him a maximum of $100 each week. What combinations of tire and gear installations will allow Ivan to
earn $100? (Solve by graphing)

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Linear and Non-Linear Relations

You can tell if a relation is linear in three ways:-

 Graph: if the relation is linear, the graph is a straight line.
This means that the rate of change or slope is constant.

 Table of Values:.
first differences – the differences between consecutive y – values in a table of values with evenly spaced x-values.
A relation is linear if the first differences are constant

 Equation: The degree of the equation is 1.

You can tell if a relation is non-linear in three ways:-

 Graph: if the relation is non-linear, the graph is not a straight line.
This means that the rate of change or slope is not constant.

 Table of Values: The first difference is not constant.

 Equation: The degree of the equation is not 1.

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 Example 1: Examine each graph and classify the relation as linear or non-linear.

a) b)

c) d)

Example 2: For the relations

i. calculate the first differences and ii. Classify the relations as linear or non-linear.
a) b)
Time (s) Height (m) x y
0 0 -2 5
3 10.5 -1 12
6 21.0 0 17
9 31.5 1 20
12 42.0 2 21

Example 3: For each equation, classify the relation as linear or non-linear.

a) y = 5x2 b) y = 3x + 6
1
c) y   4 d) y = 3.5x
x

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