MUFFAKHAM JAH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &

TECHNOLOGY

EMAIL CLASSIFICATION USING MACHINE

LEARNING
by
Ameenuddin (1604-23-742-021)
M.Tech – CSE, Sem-I
 Index
Ø Introduction
Ø Keywords
Ø Aim/Purpose
Ø Existing Strategies
Ø System Architecture
Ø Comparison of Performance Metrics
Ø Gaps in Existing System
Ø Problem Statement
Ø Objectives
Ø Proposed System
Ø Flow Chart
Ø Literature Survey
Ø Conclusion
Ø References
 Introduction
Ø Electronic mail, commonly referred as Email, is a communication method that uses electronic
devices to deliver messages across computer networks.
Ø Email is a widely used electronic messaging platform for transmitting messages.
Ø The steady increase in email users has resulted in a massive increase in spam emails.
Ø Spam emails are unsolicited and unwanted junk emails sent out in bulk to the users. Typically,
spam emails are sent for commercial purposes.
Ø Spam emails are one of the most challenging issues faced by the Internet users.
Ø In the modern era, majority of the correspondence and exchange in all the business sectors take
place through Emails.
Ø Many Machine Learning algorithms exist for classifying spam emails, but none of them
predicts spam emails accurately.
 Keywords
Ø Spam Emails
Ø Machine Learning
Ø Deep Learning
Ø Spam
Ø Ham
Ø Classification
Ø Privacy
Ø Email Spam detection
Ø Email Data Set
Ø Data Pre-Processing
Ø Extraction and Selection of Features
 Aim/Purpose
The aim of the project on “Email Classification using Machine Learning” is to develop an
effective and efficient system for automatically categorizing emails into spam and non-spam
(ham) categories. The primary goals include:
1. Improving Email Filtering: Enhance the ability to distinguish between unwanted spam emails
and legitimate ones, contributing to a cleaner and more organized inbox for users.
2. Enhancing Cybersecurity: Mitigate the risks associated with malicious content in emails, such
as phishing attacks, scams, and malware, by promptly identifying and filtering out harmful
messages.
3. User Convenience: Provide users with a reliable and user-friendly email classification system,
reducing the time and effort required to manually sort through emails.
4. Adaptability: Develop a system that can adapt to evolving spamming techniques, ensuring its
effectiveness in recognizing new patterns and types of spam.

Ø By achieving these goals, the project aims to contribute to a more secure, efficient, and user-
friendly email experience for individuals and organizations.
 Existing Strategies
Ø The primary problem addressed in the existing system is the identification and classification of
emails into spam (unwanted, potentially harmful) and non-spam (legitimate) categories.
Ø The present system uses the datasets collected from the sources like Kaggle, SpamBase &
LingSpam.
Ø Various Pre-Processing Techniques & Feature Extraction Methods are leveraged to build
models such that accurately classifies the email as spam or ham.
Ø Various Machine Learning & Deep Learning algorithms such as Naive Bayes, Support Vector
Machine (SVM), KNN, Decision Tree, LSTM & BERT are explored for classification.
Ø The developed models performance is evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, precision,
recall, and F1 score.
Ø The main goal of the existing system is to achieve high accuracy and precision in
distinguishing between spam and non-spam emails.
System Architecture
Comparison of Performance Metrics
Algorithm Accuracy Precision Recall F1 Score
SVM 98.06 95.16 96.25 95.70
KNN 96.32 90.56 97.81 94.04
DT 93.75 86.43 92.19 89.21
LSTM 97.15 88.67 90.16 89.40
BiLSTM 98.34 92.35 90.88 91.60
BERT 99.14 91.37 93.92 92.62
* The result values are in percentages (%)
 Gaps in Existing System
1. Limited Multilingual Support: Many of the existing systems focus predominantly on
English-language emails, with limited consideration for multilingual support.
2. User Inconvenience: Manual input requirements, such as copying and pasting messages for
classification, pose potential inconveniences for users.
3. Potential for Overfitting: Some models, particularly those with complex architectures, may
face challenges related to overfitting and may not perform as well on unseen data.
 Problem Statement
Ø Unwanted spam messages, adept at evading detection, pose a significant cybersecurity threat
by deceiving users into engaging with malicious content.
Ø This project aims to investigate the effectiveness of various machine learning and deep learning
models in promptly identifying and classifying spam emails.
Ø The primary objective is to develop an advanced model capable of enhancing email
classification accuracy, thereby bolstering cybersecurity measures and safeguarding users from
potential scams.
Ø The overarching goal is to instill greater confidence in digital communication by mitigating the
risks associated with spam emails.
 Objectives
Ø Developing an Effective Email Classification Model: Creating a robust machine learning or
deep learning model for accurate email classification into spam and non-spam categories.
Ø Enhancing Multilingual Capabilities: Improving the model's ability to classify emails in
multiple languages.
Ø Handling Evolving Spam Techniques: Creating a system that can adapt to and effectively
classify new and evolving spam techniques.
Ø Improving Generalization: Ensuring that the proposed system performs well on unseen data
and is not overly tailored to the training dataset.
 Proposed System
Ø Based on the analysis of the existing system & the gaps in them, the proposed solution for
enhancing email classification is the “Introduction of a Hybrid Ensemble Model”.
Ø The key components of the model are:
1. Multimodal Feature Fusion:
• Combining text-based features such as TF-IDF with metadata-based features like email
sender, time, etc.
• Integrating URL analysis to assess the credibility of links within emails.
2. Hybrid Ensemble Model:
• Developing an ensemble model incorporating the strengths of Decision Tree, Support
Vector Machine, and Deep Learning algorithms.
• Implementing a hierarchical approach where decisions from individual models are
combined at different levels.
3. Dynamic Model Update Mechanism:
• Implementing a mechanism to continuously update the model with new data to adapt to
evolving spam patterns.
 Flow Chart
Start

Data
Collection

Decision Tree
Model
Data
Preprocessing Ensemble Final
End
Model Classification

SVM Model

Feature
Extraction

Deep Learning
Model
 Literature Survey
S No. Title Author Approach Advantages Disadvantages
1. Long Short-Term V. Sri Vinitha The paper discusses a • High Accuracy • Complexity and
Memory Et al. method for classifying • Memory Resources
Networks for emails as spam or non- Capability • Data
Email Spam spam (ham) using LSTM. • Handling Long Dependency
Classification Sequences
[2023] • Adaptability

2. Spam SMS (or) V Dharani The paper focuses on a • High Accuracy • Dataset
Email Detection Et al. method to detect and and Precision Limitations
and Classification classify spam SMS or • Use of Naïve • Manual Input
using Machine emails using machine Bayes Algorithm Requirement
Learning [2023] learning techniques. • TF-IDF • Adaptability to
Vectorization New Spam
• Local Host Techniques
Website for User
Interaction
 Literature Survey
S No. Title Author Approach Advantages Disadvantages
3. Email Spam P. Vishnu Raja The paper discusses a • High Accuracy • Dependence on
Classification Et al. method to classify email • Efficiency in Quality Data
Using Machine as spam or non-spam Feature Handling • Resource
Learning (ham) using machine • Flexibility with Intensive
Algorithms learning techniques, Data Size • Adaptability to
[2022] particularly SVM & NB. Evolving Spam

4. Email Spam Aryan Rawat The paper explores the • Multilingual • Complexity in
Classification Et al. use of supervised Capability Multilingual
Using Supervised machine learning to • High Accuracy Processing
Learning in classify email as spam or • User-Friendly • Dependence on
Different non-spam (ham), Interface Quality Data
Languages specifically focusing on
[2022] multilingual capabilities.
 Literature Survey
S No. Title Author Approach Advantages Disadvantages
5. Email Spam Kingshuk The paper explores the • High Accuracy • Resource
Detection using Debnath use of machine learning • Capability to Intensive
Deep Learning Et al. and deep learning Handle Complex • Complexity in
Approach [2022] techniques for detecting Patterns: Implementation
and classifying email • Scalability and
spam. Adaptability

6. Model of Nallamothu The paper presents a • Simplicity and • Prone to

Decision Tree for Naveen Kumar method for classifying Understandability Overfitting
Email Et al. emails as spam or non- • Effectiveness • Sensitivity to
Classification spam using the Decision with Discrete Data
[2022] Tree algorithm, Features • Limited
specifically the ID3 • High Accuracy Capability with
algorithm. Continuous Data
 Literature Survey
S No. Title Author Approach Advantages Disadvantages
7. Email Khalid Iqbal The paper discusses a • Diverse Machine • Complexity of
classification Et al. method for classifying Learning Feature
analysis using emails as spam or non- Techniques Selection
machine learning spam (ham) using various • High Accuracy • Resource
techniques [2022] machine learning • Extensive Dataset Intensive
algorithms. • Dependency on
Data Quality

8. Classification of Nuha H. Marza The paper explores the • High Accuracy • Complexity in
Spam Emails Et al. use of deep learning • Innovative Implementation
using Deep techniques, specifically Approach • Computational
learning [2021] Deep Neural Networks • Effective Data Resources
(DNN), combined with Handling • Overfitting
the Min-hash technique • Adaptability of Risks
for classifying emails as Neural Networks
spam or non-spam (ham).
 Literature Survey
S No. Title Author Approach Advantages Disadvantages
9. Decision Tree Ivana Cavor The paper presents a • High Accuracy • Prone to
Model for Email Et al. method for classifying • Simple and Overfitting
Classification emails as spam or non- Understandable • Sensitivity to
[2021] spam (ham) using the • Efficient Feature Data Quality
Decision Tree algorithm, Selection • Limited
specifically the ID3 • Adaptability with Handling of
algorithm. Limited Data Continuous Data

10. E-Mail Spam Akash The paper discusses a • High Accuracy • Complexity in
Classification via Junnarkar method for classifying • Comprehensive Implementation
Machine Et al. emails as spam or non- Approach • Dependency on
Learning and spam (ham) using various • Real-Time Data Quality
Natural Language machine learning Application • Risk of
Processing algorithms and natural Overfitting
[2021] language processing
techniques.
 Conclusion
Ø The exploration of email spam classification through machine learning and deep learning
techniques reveals a landscape rich in diverse methodologies and innovative approaches.
Ø The research underscores the significance of addressing the persistent challenge of spam emails.
Ø The research community employs a variety of algorithms, ranging from traditional methods
like Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Naive Bayes to advanced techniques such as Deep
Neural Networks (DNN) and Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers
(BERT). This diversity showcases the adaptability of machine learning in combating spam.
Ø Notably, majority of the models exhibited impressive accuracy rates, often exceeding 95% with
some achieving an accuracy of 99%.
Ø In conclusion, since the existing models couldn’t classify the emails accurately the model
known as “Hybrid Ensemble Model” is proposed which will classify the emails more
accurately with a more higher accuracy rate upon its practical implementation.
 References
1. V.Sri Vinitha, D. Karthika Renuka, L. Ashok Kumar, “Long Short-Term Memory Networks for
Email Spam Classification”, in International Conference on Intelligent Systems for
Communication, IoT and Security, 2023.
2. V Dharani, Divyashree Hegde, Mohan, “Spam SMS (or) Email Detection and Classification
using Machine Learning”, in 5th International Conference on Smart Systems and Inventive
Technology, 2023.
3. P. Vishnu Raja, K. Sangeetha, G. Sugantha Kumar, R. Varun Madesh, N.K.K. Vimal Prakash,
“Email Spam Classification Using Machine Learning Algorithms”, in Second International
Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy, 2022.
4. Aryan Rawat, Shiddhant Behera, V. Rajaram, “Email Spam Classification Using Supervised
Learning in Different Languages”, in International Conference on Computer, Power and
Communications, 2022.
5. Kingshuk Debnath, Nirmalya Kar, “Email Spam Detection using Deep Learning Approach”, in
International Conference on Machine Learning, Big Data, Cloud and Parallel Computing, 2022.
 References
6. Nallamothu Naveen Kumar, “Model of Decision Tree for Email Classification”, in International
Journal of Science and Research, 2022.
7. Khalid Iqbal, Muhammad Shehrayar Khan, “Email classification analysis using machine
learning techniques”, in Applied Computing and Informatics, 2022.
8. Nuha H. Marza, Mehdi E. Manaa, Hussein A. Lafta, “Classification of Spam Emails using Deep
learning”, in 1st Babylon International Conference on Information Technology and Science, 2021.
9. Ivana Čavor, “Decision Tree Model for Email Classification”, in 25th International Conference
on Information Technology, 2021.
10. Akash Junnarkar, Siddhant Adhikari, Jainam Fagania, Priya Chimurkar, Deepak Karia, “E-
Mail Spam Classification via Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing”, in Third
International Conference on Intelligent Communication Technologies and Virtual Mobile
Networks, 2021.
Thank you